Analytical Investigation into the Rotational Performance of Glulam Bolted Beam-Column Connections under Coupled Bending Moment and Shear Force

Considering the glulam beam-column connection form and the number of bolts,monotonic loading test and finite element analysis was carried out on 9 connection specimens in 3 groups to study the rotational performance and failure mode of the connection.The test results revealed that compared with U-shaped connectors,T-shaped connectors can effectively improve the ductility of connections,and the increase in the number of bolts can reduce the initial stiffness and ductility of connections.By theoretical analysis,formulas for calculating the initial stiffness and ultimate moment of connections were deduced.Subsequently,the moment-rotation theoretical model of connections was established based on the formulas,which were validated according to the test data and simulation results.The proposed model can not only improve the current theoretical system of heavy-duty glulam beam-column structure but also provide a theoretical basis for calculating the mechanical properties of the glulam beam-column connection.

Design on the Prestressed Concrete Frame Beam-column

A bidirectional ribbed concrete beam slab structure was widly adopted for the upper space of industrial buildings.To maintain ample space and minimize the presence of conventional columns,a bidirectional prestressed concrete beam is often employed.The intersection node of the prestressed concrete frame beam column was characterized by a high density of steel reinforcement,significant structural loads,and complex construction requirements.To ensure the quality,safety,and progress of prestressed frame beamcolumn intersection nodes during construction,this article proposed a new technology for constructing such nodes,which includes setting the tensioning and haunching ends of nodes at different positions,using ABAQUS finite element software to optimize the design of cross-sectional dimensions,conducting stress analysis simulations.

Seismic performance of interior precast concrete beam-column connections with T-section steel inserts under cyclic loading

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of precast beam-column concrete connections using T-section steel inserts into the concrete beam and joint core,under reversed cyclic loading.Six 2/3-scale interior beam-column subassemblies,one monolithic concrete specimen and five precast concrete specimens were tested.One precast specimen was a simple connection for a gravity load resistant design.Other precast specimens were developed with different attributes to improve their seismic performance.The test results showed that the performance of the monolithic specimen M1 represented ductile seismic behavior.Failure of columns and joints could be prevented,and the failure of the frame occurred at the flexural plastic hinge formation at the beam ends,close to the column faces.For the precast specimens,the splitting crack along the longitudinal lapped splice was a major failure.The precast P5 specimen with double steel T-section inserts showed better seismic performance compared to the other precast models.However,the dowel bars connected to the steel inserts were too short to develop a bond.The design of the precast concrete beams with lap splice is needed for longer lap lengths and should be done at the beam mid span or at the low flexural stress region.

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Analysis of nonlinear stability and post-buckling for Euler-type beam-column structure

Based on the assumption of finite deformation, the Hamilton variational principle is extended to a nonlinear elastic Euler-type beam-column structure located on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The corresponding three-dimensional （3D） mathematical model for analyzing the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of structures is established, in which the effects of the rotation inertia and the nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. As an application, the nonlinear stability and the post-buckling for a linear elastic beam with the equal cross-section located on an elastic foundation are analyzed. One end of the beam is fully fixed, and the other end is partially fixed and subjected to an axial force. A new numerical technique is proposed to calculate the trivial solution, bifurcation points, and bifurcation solutions by the shooting method and the Newton- Raphson iterative method. The first and second bifurcation points and the corresponding bifurcation solutions are calculated successfully. The effects of the foundation resistances and the inertia moments on the bifurcation points are considered.

Influence of the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio on the failure mode of beam-column connections in RC frames

The column-to-beam flexural strength ratio(CBFSR)has been used in many seismic codes to achieve the strong column-weak beam(SCWB)failure mode in reinforced concrete(RC)frames,in which plastic hinges appear earlier in beams than in columns.However,seismic investigations show that the required limit of CBFSR in seismic codes usually cannot achieve the SCWB failure mode under strong earthquakes.This study investigates the failure modes of RC frames with different CBFSRs.Nine typical three-story RC frame models with different CBFSRs are designed in accordance with Chinese seismic codes.The seismic responses and failure modes of the frames are investigated through time-history analyses using 100 ground motion records.The results show that the required limit of the CBFSR that guarantees the SCWB failure mode depends on the beam-column connection type and the seismic intensity,and different types of beam-column connections exhibit different failure modes even though they are designed with the same CBFSR.Recommended CBFSRs are proposed for achieving the designed SCWB failure mode for different types of connections in RC frames under different seismic intensities.These results may provide some reference for further revisions of the SCWB design criterion in Chinese seismic codes.

Finite Element Modeling of Stability of Beam-Column Supports for Field Fabricated Spherical Storage Pressure Vessels

Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports of field fabricated spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. Flexuraltorsional buckling is an important limit state that must be considered in structural steel design and it occurs when a structural member experiences significant out-of-plane bending and twisting. This research has therefore considered the total potential energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of a beam-column element. The energy equation was formulated by summing the strain energy and the potential energy of the external loads. The finite element method was applied in conjunction with the energy method to analyze the flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports. To apply the finite element method, the displacement functions are assumed to be cubic polynomials, and the shape functions used to derive the element stiffness and element geometric stiffness matrices. The element stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices were assembled to obtain the global stiffness matrices of the structure. The final finite element equation obtained was in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The flexural-torsional buckling loads of the structure were determined by solving for the eigenvalue of the equation. The resulting eigenvalue equation from the finite element analysis was coded using FORTRAN 90 programming language to aid in the analysis process. To validate FORTRAN 90 coding developed for the finite element analysis and the methodology, the results given by the software were compared to existing solutions and showed no significant difference P > 0.05.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

快速谐波荷载作用下仿古建筑双枋-柱组合件力学性能研究

为研究仿古建筑双枋-柱组合件的破坏特征及力学性能,选取典型仿古建筑双枋-柱组合件作为模型结构,该结构采用钢-混凝土组合结构,并在枋-柱连接处设置黏滞阻尼器,采用快速谐波往复荷载形式的加载制度,对3个该类型结构模型的力学性能进行研究,其中包括2个布设黏滞阻尼器的试件及1个未布设阻尼器的对比试件。在试验研究的基础上,对其力学性能关键指标进行分析,包括滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能及强度和刚度退化等。分析结果表明:采用钢-混凝土组合结构及通过合理设置黏滞阻尼器可显著提升仿古建筑关键受力节点的力学性能。布设黏滞阻尼器后双枋-柱组合件的滞回曲线包络的面积更大,骨架曲线下降段更平缓,变形能力有显著改善。承载能力提高13.9%~14.1%,延性提高13.0%~18.6%;黏滞阻尼器与结构可协同受力,显著改善结构破坏阶段的变形性能,提高结构的抗倒塌能力。

钢结构稳定性的新诠释

在材料和截面层次上刚度达到零定义了传统的强度极限状态 ,而在构件和结构 (子结构 )层次上的刚度等于零即达到了稳定极限状态。这种层次的区分清晰地表达了强度问题和稳定问题的区别和内在联系 ,解释了具有正刚度的构件或结构在荷载作用下产生失稳的原因 ,引入了荷载的负刚度概念 ,并提出了荷载负刚度的计算公式 ,有助于工程师理解稳定的基本概念和掌握结构稳定的计算方法。此外 。

低周反复荷载下预压装配式预应力混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

文章通过对一榀预压装配式预应力混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的试验,深入研究了预压装配式预应力混凝土框架的裂缝分布、破坏形态、滞回曲线及位移延性等抗震性能。研究结果表明,预压装配式预应力混凝土框架具有良好的抗震性能。

全装配式预制混凝土结构梁柱组合件抗震性能试验研究

采用足尺模型对比试验方法对现浇高强混凝土梁柱组合件、预制混凝土结构高强混凝土后浇整体式梁柱组合件和高强预制混凝土结构全装配式梁柱组合件在低周反复荷载作用下的开裂破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、强度与刚度退化特性、耗能能力、节点核心区域的剪切变形、梁端与柱端的转动变形等抗震性能指标进行了系统研究。结果表明:高强预制混凝土结构后浇整体式梁柱组合件与现浇高强混凝土结构梁柱组合件具有相同的抗震能力,全装配式预制混凝土梁柱组合件的抗震性能和主要抗震性能指标与现浇高强混凝土梁柱组合件和预制混凝土结构后浇整体式梁柱组合件存在明显的差异。对于实际工程应用,应采取必要措施增加全装配式节点的耗能能力。

十字形内芯全钢防屈曲支撑构件及子系统足尺试验

以北京某办公楼实际工程为依托,对内芯为十字形的全钢防屈曲支撑进行支撑构件及子系统足尺试验研究,以了解其性能及合理构造。首先根据性能要求进行初步设计。继而在MTS上对设计的第一根构件进行单轴拉压试验,由于加工精度不足引起的偏心等原因,出现绕弱轴弯曲,试验终止。改进设计制作第二根构件进行试验,内芯在其与外套管点焊位置断裂,表明内芯屈服段除必要的板件之间的连接焊缝外,不应出现额外焊缝连接接头。采用在下端加劲肋处局部加厚方式限制外套管下滑,设计了第三根构件并安装到加载框架上进行子系统足尺试验,完成加载制度时支撑完好,且滞回曲线饱满稳定,受压强度提高系数及累积延性系数均满足规程要求。试验证明,改进后的十字形内芯全钢防屈曲支撑具有良好的延性及耗能能力。

覆冰荷载作用下500kV输电杆塔结构破坏机理试验分析

为考察高压输电塔结构在极限覆冰工况下的破坏模式和倒塌机理,以冰灾中破坏的典型500kV输电塔为原型,设计了一组单、双塔段子结构,模拟覆冰下荷载,进行了静力加载试验,对结构受力过程、破坏形态和应变及变形的发展情况等做了分析。基于通用有限元程序ANSYS,采用壳单元建立了加载塔段结构的实体模型,对试验全过程进行了模拟并与试验结果进行了比较。试验和有限元分析结果表明,主材构件的屈曲是输电塔结构在覆冰荷载作用下的基本破坏特征,斜材内力相对较小,但交叉斜撑面外变形较大。研究表明过大的交叉斜撑面外变形会显著地弱化主材的侧向约束,导致其计算长度增大,屈曲模态呈现出明显的弯扭失稳形式,从而显著地降低其承载能力,因此约束交叉斜撑的面外变形是提高整体结构抗冰承载力的一个主要途径。

预期损伤部位采用FRC梁柱组合件层间剪力-变形计算模型研究

通过分析梁柱组合件层间变形与梁端变形、柱端变形和节点核心区剪切变形之间的关系,梁端、柱端弯矩与曲率之间的三折线关系及节点核心区剪力与柱顶剪力之间的关系,提出预期损伤部位采用纤维增强混凝土(FRC)梁柱组合件层间剪力-变形计算模型;以节点核心区剪切破坏为主要破坏模式,分析 FRC 梁柱组合件在开裂点、屈服点和峰值点处的层间剪力、梁端变形、柱端变形和节点核心区剪切变形及各部分变形引起的层间变形占层间总变形中的比例及变化规律。将模型计算结果与试验结果进行比较,结果表明:提出的层间剪力-变形理论计算模型可较好地反映FRC梁柱组合件在地震作用下的层间剪力-变形关系。

防屈曲支撑固接节点受力性能的子系统试验

防屈曲支撑作为一种有效的耗能减震构件在地震高烈度区的工程结构中已被广泛应用。保证防屈曲支撑节点的稳定性是其设计的关键,然而已有研究和设计方法并没有关注支撑-结构之间的相互作用对防屈曲支撑节点稳定性的影响。为此,设计一根两端固接连接的足尺防屈曲支撑试件并对其进行子系统试验,支撑采用单斜布置形式。试验结果表明,结构层间变形会引起支撑节点以及约束构件发生平面内刚体转动,导致支撑轴力作用线与节点轴线之间产生相对转角,其幅值与层间变形角相当,是导致节点弯矩产生的根源。在支撑节点截面面积为屈服段面积5倍和层间变形角为3.5%的情况下,节点根部弯曲正应力已超过100MPa,其不利影响不容忽视。最后,根据试验结果给出若干关于防屈曲支撑节点稳定性设计及研究的建议。

钢筋混凝土梁柱组合体在低周交变加载下滞回规律模拟分析

组合体梁外端挠度可看作是柱段变形引起的梁外端挠度、梁段变形引起的梁外端挠度以及节点区变形引起的梁外端挠度3部分的叠加.以节点的受力特性及规律为基础,分析总结得到有一定代表性的梁端剪力与贯穿节点梁筋滑移之间和梁端剪力以及节点剪切变形之间的滞回关系模型.

往复水平荷载下不同梁截面RCS空间组合件变形性能分析

为研究六边形孔钢梁-复合焊接闭合箍筋约束砼柱空间组合件的变形性能,对9个梁柱平面及空间组合件的1/2比例模型施加低周往复荷载.通过测量各位移幅值下测点的变形,分析各测点变形的发展规律及所占总变形的比例,明确结构相对应的破坏类型,为土建工程实际施工设计提供理论的变形容许值.试验结果表明:位移角为1/250,1/65,1/45,1/20 rad分别与组合件整体完好、轻度破坏、中度破坏、重度破坏4种类型相对应,其值可作为不同性能要求的建议变形容许值,组合件梁端弯曲变形导致的层间水平位移占层间总位移的百分比最高.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.