Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Interactive Effects for Improving Drought Resistance on Mung Bean Varieties

The planting areas of mung bean are mostly arid and semi-arid areas, and lack of irrigation conditions. Many studies have reported that fertilization can increase drought resistance. In our previous research, optimized nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) combined fertilization model was established in mung bean. In the present study, the optimal fertilization was conducted in pot trails, and mung bean varieties Bailv9 and Bailv11 were used as materials, while the four water regimes, and three fertilization ratios of F120 (optimal fertilization), F100 (conventional fertilization), F50 (half of conventional fertilization) treatments were set, to compare each fertilization ratio effects and non-fertilization condition under each water regimes respectively. Under different water conditions, the investigation of N, P, and K effects of optimal fertilization showed that the yield of Bailv9 was not sensitive to water stress and had strong drought resistance;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BaiLv9 as Di = 0.89 and DC = 0.79. The yield of Bailv11 was sensitive to water stress, and their drought resistance was weak;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BL11 Di = 1.76 DC = 0.59, and under different water treatment conditions, Bailv9 and Bailv11 all had the best yield and other related traits increase in the F120 fertilization mode compared with other fertilization and non-fertilization conditions, and the average yield increases were 31.56% and 28.08%, respectively. The pot trails conduct the drought stress treatments in mung bean varieties Bailv9, Bailv11, Bailv935 and Bailv985 to determine the function of NPK optimized fertilization for improving plants growth in drought stress condition. Compared with the mung bean varieties treated with F50, F100, and F120, the yield of Bailv9 increased by 56.20%, 81.27%, and 107.22%, respectively;compared with that of F0, the yield of Bailv11 increased by 10.18%, 19.42%, and 45.88%, respectively;Bailv935 increased by 26.52%, 61.90%, 74.16% respectively, and Bailv985 increased by 23.78%, 56.92%, 87.62% respectively. The significant performances of optimized fertilization were also verified in 20 mung bean varieties in our filed trails. The research establishes a theoretical basis for introducing the model into production practice in the next step.

Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Country Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance

Country bean, Lablab purpureus (L.) is considered one of the most important leguminous crops, but their cultivation under drought stress condition encounters challenges. In this study, an experiment has been conducted among 30 genotypes under drought condition to explore morphological diversity of qualitative and quantitative, biochemical, molecular analysis. The study identified significant variations in eight traits among the genotypes examined, with phenotypic variance exceeding genotypic variance, indicating both genetic and environmental influences. High heritability and genetic advance were observed in primary, secondary, and tertiary branch lengths, suggesting these traits are likely controlled by additive gene effects, making them effective targets for selection. Principal component analysis identified three components that made a substantial contribution, accounting for approximately 73.06% of the overall quantitative variations. Among the quantitative traits, the highest coefficient of variation (CV%) has been found in number of flowers (55.05%). While number of primary branches, primary branch length, number of secondary branches, secondary branch length, number of tertiary branches, tertiary branch length has individually more than 20% of CV%. The genotypes have been grouped into three clusters based on quantitative traits. Analysis of protein reveals that the genotypes of DS28 and DS29 have higher protein content than other genotypes. Dehydrogenase responsive genotypes have been found on DS28 and DS29 from the molecular analysis. The results suggest that the genotypes DS28 and DS29 could contribute as genetic resource of high protein content and DREB responsive, and the eight quantitative traits of 30 genotypes could be used for further breeding programme.

Genome-wide association study dissecting drought resistance-associated loci based on physiological traits in common bean

Genetic improvement of drought resistance is one of the main breeding goals for common bean,so molecular markers must be identified to facilitate drought resistance breeding.In this study,we evaluated the proline,trehalose,raffinose,and stachyose contents of 210 common bean accessions under two watering conditions and found large variations in all four.The coefficients of variation ranged from 21.21%for proline content to 78.69%for stachyose content under well-watered conditions,and from 20.11%for proline content to 50.08%for trehalose content under drought stress.According to our genome-wide association analysis,32 quantitative trait loci were associated with drought resistance,seven of which overlapped with known loci.Four hotspot regions were identified at Pv01,Pv07 and Pv11.A set of candidate genes was identified,including genes encoding MYB,bZIP,bHLH,ERF,and protein kinases.Among these genes,Phvul.001G189400,Phvul.007G273000 and Phvul.008G270500 were annotated as bZIP,ERF and WRKY,respectively.These genes are reportedly involved in drought stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and were induced by drought stress in common bean.Significant SNPs in six candidate gene regions formed different haplotypes,and phenotypic analysis revealed significant differences among the haplotypes.These results provide new insight into the genetic basis of drought resistance in common bean and reveal candidate genes and superior natural variations that will be useful for improving common bean.

Fine-mapping and primary analysis of candidate genes associated with seed coat color in mung bean(Vigna radiata L.)

Seed coat color affects the appearance and commodity quality of mung beans(Vigna radiata L.).The substances that affect mung bean seed coat color are mainly flavonoids,which have important medicinal value.Mapping the seed coat color gene in mung beans would facilitate the development of new varieties and improve their value.In this study,an F2 mapping population consisting of 546 plants was constructed using Jilv9(black seed coat)and BIS9805(green seed coat).Using bulk segregated analysis(BSA)sequencing and kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,the candidate region related to seed coat color was finally narrowed to 0.66 Mb on chromosome(Chr.)4 and included eight candidate genes.Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that three of the eight candidate genes(LOC106758748,LOC106758747,and LOC106759075)were differentially expressed,which may have caused the differences in flavonoid metabolite content between Jilv9 and BIS9805.These findings can provide a research basis for cloning the genes related to seed coat color and accelerate molecular markerassisted selection breeding in mung beans.

Formulation of Infant Flours Based on Fonio Enriched with Bambara Groundnut Anacardium (Cashew) and African Locust Bean Fruit Pulp

Infant malnutrition is a significant issue in Côte d’Ivoire, and this study aims to address it by formulating infant flours using local ingredients. Fermentation, germination, and malting methods were used to enhance the quality of six formulated flours, all based on Fonio and supplemented with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernels. Results showed that Fonio had the highest carbohydrate content, while Bambara groundnut and Cashew kernels were rich in protein and lipid content. African locust bean fruit pulp was rich in fiber and Vitamin C, with a high β-carotene value. The cashew kernel had the highest energy value. Regarding mineral composition, African locust bean fruit pulp had the highest potassium content, while Bambara groundnut and African locust bean fruit pulp were rich in sodium. Cashew kernel and Fonio had higher iron and calcium content. Bambara groundnut had a higher zinc content, while cashew kernel had a higher magnesium content. The formulated flours made from fermented Fonio grains and enriched with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernel had varying protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash, and fat contents. The flour formulated with sprouted Fonio and enriched with the same ingredients had higher protein content and energy value than the other fermented seed-based flours. The mixed flours produced with fermented seeds and the flour produced from sprouted seeds met international standards. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the nutritional composition of the formulated flours and their potential to combat infant malnutrition in Côte d’Ivoire.

Domestication of Marama Bean in Arid Namibia: Challenges and Opportunities in a Climate Changing Agroecology

Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) A. Schreib. (Marama bean), referred to as marama in sections of this article, is an obligate outcrossing native plant with a yield potential of 2 ton/hectare which grows naturally in the deep sandy soils of the Kalahari Desert. It has adapted to the low precipitation levels in that agro-ecosystem. Marama serves as a staple food for the San and Bantus in that area. In Namibia, in the past you could find wild stands of marama in the Khomas region, Omaheke region, and the Otjozondjupa region without must struggle. It is renowned for its brown seeds, which are rich in high-quality oils and proteins. The tuberous root contains a significant amount of starch. The objective of domesticating orphaned marama is to provide farmers in this climate change-prone region with a viable alternative for food and nutrition security. This program, initiated in 2008 with an open-minded mindset, required swift implementation using harsh and occasionally unconventional methods. To introduce indigenous tools for resource-poor farmers, the domestication program prioritized the utilization of farmer-participatory methodologies. It was crucial to integrate old and new approaches to ensure learning from past and present experiences, leading to innovative solutions. There is little research and development of native crops in Africa because most of the currently cultivates crops were brought for use from abroad. Only a few numbers of indeginous African crops can be named. The arid Kalahari region, susceptible to climate change, necessitates the revival of indigenous crops like marama, which are resilient and well-adapted to the region’s conditions and have thrived for centuries. In many discussions regarding the health and nutrition of Africa, the recommendation to consume traditional foods to avoid exposure to modern foods, which may not be genetically compatible, is frequently emphasized. Regardless of their validity, these opinions must be acknowledged, and steps need to be taken to ensure a positive legacy for future generations. However, this chapter will address the limitations and challenges that exist in this regard. This article will summarize the progress made in the domestication program of the marama bean in Namibia thus far. Furthermore, this article will highlight the challenges that have been faced during the domestication journey for marama bean and other orphaned crops. The domestication program commenced with a broad germplasm collection, characterization, and preselection for breeding. Crop selection in this program was influenced by climate change-related concerns of shorter and uncertain rain seasons, and recurrent droughts. Selection included but was not limited to identifying marama genotypes with superior characteristics, early germination and many seeds per pod were among some of the identified and selected characteristics. The Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) has compiled a list of potential marama bean varieties and is currently testing marama seeds in anticipation of their introduction as a new crop alternative with good adaptation to the effects of climate change, since conventional crops like maize underperform due to persistent droughts. Marama bean, if properly developed, holds significant potential to address issues of hunger and malnutrition in arid regions of Southern Africa and other similar territories. The findings presented here are the result of ongoing field research and experiments conducted at multiple sites using superior marama bean varieties.

“Keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”in the prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia:A case report

BACKGROUND Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis or complete absence of a portion of the ileum.The overall diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia is low.We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination with the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed in utero at 31 weeks'of gestation.Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed two rows of intestines arranged in an‘S’shape in the middle abdomen.The inner diameters were 1.7 cm and 1.6 cm,respectively.A typical“keyboard sign”was observed.The intestine canal behind the“keyboard sign”showed an irregular strong echo.There was no normal intestinal wall structure,showing a typical“coffee bean sign”.Termination of the pregnancy and autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.CONCLUSION The prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia is difficult.The sonographic features of the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”are helpful in diagnosing the location of congenital jejunal and ileal atresia.

Population trend and spatio-temporal distribution of Greater White-fronted(Anser albifrons)and Bean Geese(Anser fabalis)in Korea

Geese have undergone significant changes in their distribution and population size due to human-induced impacts.To improve our understanding of the two main geese populations in East Asia—Greater White-fronted(Anser albifrons;GWFG)and Bean Geese(Anser fabalis sensu lato;BEAG),which includes the Tundra A.f.serrirostris(TDBG)and Taiga Bean Geese A.f.middendorffii(TGBG),this study estimated their long-and short-term trends and the migration strategies based on their distribution during the migratory and wintering seasons,using nationwide census data collected over 24 years in South Korea.The TRIM(TRends and Indices for Monitoring data)analysis supported a robust long-term population increase since 1999,recently stabilizing around 150,000 individuals in GWFG and 100,000 in TDBG,respectively.But TGBG stabilized at around 7000 with no significant change of population over time.The shorter-term trends within a season suggested that wintering populations of GWFG and TDBG in China might stop over in Korea in their autumn migration before their sea-crossing,evidenced by the large congregation near the Yellow Sea coast followed by a gradual decrease.In contrast to autumn,there was no similar peak in spring migration,suggesting the potential for elliptical migration of some populations around the Yellow Sea.Our findings indicate a growing East Asian population and imply one of the migration strategies of the Greater White-fronted and Tundra Bean Geese.By collaborating with recent tracking data,long-term monitoring efforts could offer more detailed insights into population trends and migration strategies,thereby contributing to the effective management and conservation of goose species in East Asia.

绿豆蛋白的凝胶特性及应用研究进展

绿豆蛋白因其较高的营养价值和健康功效而成为可以替代动物蛋白和大豆蛋白的新型蛋白质来源,具有理想的功能特性。绿豆蛋白的凝胶特性作为其重要的功能特性之一,在食品加工过程中应用广泛。研究发现可以通过添加不同的外源物质或通过不同的改性方法增强绿豆蛋白的凝胶特性,使其满足食品加工需求。本文对绿豆蛋白凝胶的形成机理、不同外源添加物及加工技术对绿豆蛋白结构以及凝胶特性产生的影响进行详细分析,综述了绿豆蛋白凝胶特性的研究现状,最后总结了绿豆蛋白的凝胶特性在食品中的应用,旨在为绿豆蛋白在食品工业的进一步应用提供参考。

超声处理对黑豆蛋白体外消化特性的影响

探究超声处理对黑豆蛋白消化特性的影响规律。采用不同功率(150、200、250、300、350 W)和不同持续时间(6、12、18、24 min)在低频(20 kHz)处理条件对黑豆蛋白进行超声处理。先探究超声处理对蛋白质消化率的影响,再通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱等分析超声处理对黑豆蛋白结构性质的影响,并通过粒度分布、乳化性、溶解度、Zeta电位等分析明确黑豆蛋白在超声处理过程中理化性质的变化。结果表明,300 W、6 min的超声处理后,减小了黑豆蛋白的粒径(由56μm减小到32μm);改变了黑豆蛋白的二级和三级结构,提高了溶解度、乳化性和Zeta电位绝对值,最终改善了黑豆蛋白的消化性,体外消化率从66.50%增加到90.9%。然而,不当的超声处理可能适得其反。在300 W下,12、18、24 min的超声处理会诱导聚集体的形成,从而降低溶解度和消化性。本研究结果可为超声处理在提高黑豆蛋白消化特性中的应用提供参考。

耳穴压豆联合正念认知疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者负性情绪及睡眠质量的临床疗效评价

目的:探究耳穴压豆联合正念认知疗法干预对慢性精神分裂症患者负性情绪及睡眠的影响。方法:选取2022年12月至2023年12月在某精神卫生中心住院的105例慢性精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,其中干预组50名,对照组55名。对照组给予心理健康教育团体治疗,干预组在团体治疗基础上给予耳穴压丸和正念认知干预。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS)、斯奈思-汉密尔顿快感量表(SHAPS),分别与干预治疗前、治疗4周末、8周末、12周末进行评估。结果:两组干预前PANSS、CDSS、SHAPS、PSQI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预组治疗后PANSS、PSQI、CDSS、SHAPS评分均在第8周末、12周末与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(8周后:t=2.312,2.024,2.157,2.633,P<0.05;12周后:t=3.02,5.391,4.792,3.448;P<0.05)。PSQI、CDSS、SHAPS量表的组别和时间交互作用显著(F=5.78,9.90,3.27;P<0.05)。结论:耳穴压丸联合正念认知疗法可改善慢性精神分裂症患者的部分精神症状、负性情绪及睡眠质量。

小麦间作蚕豆体系作物生长曲线动态模拟与分析

利用小麦间作蚕豆体系作物生长动态数据和Logistic生长曲线,为小麦和蚕豆单作与间作体系下作物间相互作用提供科学依据。对不同氮水平下小麦、蚕豆单作和间作体系的生物量动态变化规律模拟分析,结果表明,间作处理因作物间的竞争生长速率比均呈竞争恢复的抛物线趋势,2种施肥处理的单作蚕豆均早于间作蚕豆达到最大生长速率,小麦成熟后对蚕豆的竞争减小,蚕豆的生长速率增强;相同种植模式下施氮处理对蚕豆的生物量累积起关键作用,间作和氮缺乏的环境下,能激发蚕豆的生物固氮效应,促进蚕豆地下部生长和根瘤数量增多。综上所述,施氮和间作改变了小麦、蚕豆生物量的积累,在小麦间作蚕豆生长前期,小麦有较强的氮肥利用优势,进而对蚕豆的地上部和地下部生物量累积产生影响,反映了作物的生长潜力及对养分资源的利用能力。

耳穴压豆联合磁刺激治疗产后压力性尿失禁临床观察

目的探究耳穴压豆联合磁刺激治疗产后压力性尿失禁的效果。方法选取潜江市中心医院2021年1月—2022年6月收治的产后压力性尿失禁患者60例作为研究对象,按照治疗方式的不同分为对照组、研究组,各30例。对照组予耳穴压豆治疗,研究组予耳穴压豆联合磁刺激治疗。比较两组临床疗效及治疗后盆底肌力、60 min漏尿量、3 d漏尿次数、生活质量评分。结果研究组治疗总有效率为96.67%(29/30),高于对照组的80.00%(24/30)(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组盆底肌肌力、生活质量评分均高于对照组,60 min漏尿量、3 d漏尿次数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论耳穴压豆联合磁刺激治疗产后压力性尿失禁的临床效果显著,不仅能够缓解盆底肌肌力、降低漏尿量及漏尿次数,还能促进产妇生活质量提高,缓解焦虑、降低压力,值得临床推广使用。

基于消息驱动Bean的异步通信模型设计

异步通信是一种松耦合的分布式通信模式,允许应用程序以发送方和接受方相互独立的形式,通过交换消息进行通信。消息驱动Bean作为处理异步消息的EJB组件,因其支持异步非阻塞的消息传递机制,在基于EJB的应用系统中日渐得到应用。提出了一种基于消息驱动Bean的异步通信模型。该模型使用MDB实现消息的异步消费,解决了EJB远程方法调用开销大等问题,降低了应用程序和EJB组件之间的依赖性,从而有效地提高了异步通信的性能和可靠性。

基于Java Bean组件技术的模型表示研究

为解决模型管理在模型重用、模型组合、跨平台调用等方面在目前网络应用环境下存在的问题,根据具体需求分析,指出现有表示方法的不足,在面向对象表示方法研究的基础上,结合组软件件技术的特点,比较了COM,CORBA,Bean 3种流行的组件技术后,提出将Java Bean组建技术应用到模型表示方法中。通过规范模型的具体设计方法,对模型组合条件进行讨论,然后设计了模型的表示框架和基本组成部分。最后通过模型表示框架流程说明其可行性。

J2EE平台上消息驱动Bean对客户的响应与回传的实现

EJB是基于Java的服务器端组件架构技术,借助于EJB,开发者能够轻松构建企业的、分布式组件应用,并且能够开发架构灵活、运行可靠及安全的应用系统。在EJB规范中,客户可向中间件发送消息,而消息驱动Bean(MDB)能从中间件接收消息,从而客户与消息驱动Bean实现异步传输消息,形成松耦合的状态。介绍了消息发布客户与消息驱动Bean通过服务器互传消息的理论,给出了Java消息服务的请求/响应解决方案,并且在J2EE1.4平台上实现了消息驱动Bean将响应结果异步回传给生产消息的客户,而客户可以是应用程序,Servlet/JSP,或EJB本身。

Nutritional Value and Application of Broad Bean Nutrition Flour as a Combination of Staple Food

This paper introduced the definition and importance of combination of sta-ple food. With broad bean nutrition flour as a sample, the preparation of the combi-nation of staple food was also described. In addition, the main nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was introduced. Compared with those of other single flours, the nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was improved. Moreover, the nutrients in the broad bean nutrition flour would not be destroyed during the processing and preparation of staple food, and the processed steamed bread and raw noodle are more characteristic. The application value and prospects of broad bean nutrition flour, as a combination of staple food, were further discussed.

Web应用服务器中实体BEAN的性能优化策略

Web应用服务器是Web计算环境下产生的新型中间件,为创建、部署、运行、集成和管理事务性Web应用提供一个跨平台运行环境。如何快速地响应大规模并发客户的请求,提供高可用性等特性是Web应用服务器需要解决的重点问题之一。本文采用ECperf作为性能测试基准,对影响实体Bean组件性能的瓶颈进行研究,给出若干优化策略,包括使用由容器管理实体Bean的持久化方式,选用更高级别的提交方式,声明只读的实体Bean等,并通过试验对优化的性能进行分析和比较。这些优化策略已应用到中科院软件所自主研制的WebFrame应用服务器中,取得了良好的效果。

Current Status and Development Strategy of Mung Bean Production in Chongqing Municipality

[Objective] This paper presented the current status of mung bean produc- tion in Chongqing, and put forward the corresponding development strategies. [Meth- ods] By overviewing the status of mung bean production in Chongqing Municipality, the main problems, advantages of mung bean production in Chongqing were pre- sented, and based on corresponding development strategies were put forward.[Re- suits] Currently, the main problems of mung bean production in Chongqing area in- clude insufficient attention, serious variety degradation, lag in cultivation technology, low scientific research level. However, the region has strengths in growing mung beans which would have broad prospects by appropriate adjustment and planning. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the development of mung bean pro- duction and promotion of economic development in Chongqing Municipality.

J2EE平台上对企业Bean远程调用的研究

EJB(Enterprise Java Bean)是基于Java的,符合J2EE规范的服务器端组件架构技术,开发者能够利用其构建企业的、分布式的、多层次的组件应用软件,并且能够开发架构灵活、运行可靠及业务逻辑简单的应用系统,满足了平台独立、可移植、维护简便的要求。在SUN提供的应用服务器上,研究了客户对企业Bean(EJB)的远程调用,实现了应用程序、EJB本身或Servlet/JSP作为客户对企业Beans的远程驱动,并比较了不同客户对企业Beans远程调用的异同点,分析了使用编码名来调用EJB的优点。