Comparative study on bearing mechanism and design parameters of confined concrete arch joints in deep soft rock roadway

Square confined concrete arch is increasingly used in deep soft rock roadway support because of its advantages of high strength and construction convenience.However,the design of confined concrete arch in underground engineering still remains in experience-based method and lacks quantitative analysis.As a connecting component between arch sections,the connection joints have an important influence on the internal force distribution and failure mechanism of support arch.Therefore,a reasonable design of arch joints is the premise of rational support design.Taking Liangjia Coal Mine,a typical deep soft rock mine in China,as research background,this paper fully compared the most widely used joint types of confined concrete arch as analytical objects:flange joints and casing joints.The main failure modes of these two kinds of joints under bending moment are defined.Laboratory and numerical tests are carried out to study the mechanical characteristics of joints.Based on the M-θ curve,the influence law of different design parameters is analyzed,and the design principles of joints are proposed.The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of confined concrete arch in related projects.

Joint Bearing Mechanism of Coal Pillar and Backfilling Body in Roadway Backfilling Mining Technology

In the traditional mining technology,the coal resources trapped beneath surface buildings,railways,and water bodies cannot be mined massively,thereby causing the lower coal recovery and dynamic disasters.In order to solve the aforementioned problems,the roadway backfilling mining technology is developed and the joint bearing mechanism of coal pillar and backfilling body is presented in this paper.The mechanical model of bearing system of coal pillar and backfilling body is established,by analyzing the basic characteristics of overlying strata deformation in roadway backfilling mining technology.According to the Ritz method in energy variation principle,the elastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is deduced in roadway backfilling mining technology.Based on elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle,combining with the burgers rheological constitutive model and Laplace transform theory,the viscoelastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is obtained in roadway backfilling mining technology.By analyzing the compressive mechanical property of backfilling body,the time formula required for coal pillar and backfilling body to play the joint bearing function in roadway backfilling mining technology is obtained.The example analysis indicates that the time is 140 days.The results can be treated as an important basis for theoretical research and process design in roadway backfilling mining technology.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Hollow Spherical Joints Welded with Circular Pipes under Eccentric Loads

The hollow spherical joints welded with circular pipes applied to the National Swimming Center of China are subjected to large bending moments, but the influence of bending moments is not considered in the design equations in Technical Specification for Latticed Shells. Based on the von Mises yield criterion, multilinear isotropic hardening rule and associated flow rule, the elasto-plastic finite element model is put forward to analyze the behavior of the joints, and a calculation method for the joints under bending moments or eccentric loads is proposed. It is shown by the analytical results of joint that the stiffening rib can improve the ultimate bearing capacity by 10% for joints under axial tensile load, by 40% for joints under axial compressive load, and by 50% for joints under bending moment. The unified calculation equations for joints with or without stiffening rib are put forward, which can be applied to calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the hollow spherical joints with circular pipes under eccentric loads.

Quality index of bedded and joint-bearing rock mass and its applications

Based on the theory of Fuzzy Mathematics and Expert System, this paper presents the quantitative expression method of bedded and joint bearing rock mass quality "Stratum Quality Index"(SQI for short), and also introduces the successful application of the method in estimating stratum movement parameters.

Coverage of Femoral Head at Weight-Bearing Interface of the Hip Joint in Children: An MRI Analysis

Objective: To analyze the features of coverage of femoral head at weight-bearing interface of the hip joints in children. Material and Methods: MRI scans of the hips were performed in 95 normal children aged from 1 to 8 years. Radial scans of the hip joints were performed using FFE sequence. Review the morphological features of weight-bearing interface of the acetabulum and the femoral head. Total covering angle (TCA), acetabular covering angle (ACA) and labral covering angle (LCA) were measured, inter-group comparison and correlation analysis were done. Result: The acetabulum and the femoral head had congruent articulating surface at each weight-bearing position. There was no statistical TCA difference at each position. Average ACA increased, while average LCA decreased from anterior to posterior. TCA correlated with LCA, ACA negatively correlated with LCA. Conclusion: TCA is a good index in indicating stability of the hip joint. Cartilage ossifies slower at posterior than anterior positions. Cartilage acetabulum and the labrum serve as complementary structures that contribute in total stabilizing of the hip joint in development.

Temporary Bearing Method in Construction of Continuous Beam Bridge Erected as Simply-Supported Beam

The present practice in Bangladesh for erection of girders is placing the girder directly on the bearing pad and joining the adjacent two spans in deck slab level by adopting expansion joints, as the bridges are presently designed as simply-supported beam bridge. The main disadvantage of this type of bridges is that, the seismic resistance is weak, and under the external force beyond the design range, the bridges are more likely to fall in danger because of failure in girders. Also they have expansion joints for each span, which affects the comfort of driving and the overall integrity of the bridge deck is poor [1]. Therefore, design and construction of the bridges have been revised to establish continuity between girders of two adjacent spans and transform the bridge as simply supported continuous beam bridge [2]. Temporary bearing (sandbox) method is proposed in this paper to solve the system transformation of continuous beam bridges. Design of the temporary bearing is very simple and can be manufactured at site. This method has been proved in construction of Arial Kha Bridge and can be applied for other similar bridges in Bangladesh.

Impact of Earthquake Action on the Design and Sizing of Jointed Masonry Structures in South Kivu, DRC

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in the province, namely the non-consideration of seismic action in the study of structures by both professionals and researchers. The main objective of the study is to show the importance of dynamic analysis of structures in South Kivu. It adopts a meta-analytical approach referring to previous researches on South Kivu and proposes an efficient and optimal method. To arrive at the results, we use Eurocode 7 and 8. In addition, we conducted static analysis using the Coulomb method and dynamic analysis using the Mononobe-Okabe method and compared the results. At Nyabibwe, the results showed that we have a deviation of 24.47% for slip stability, 12.038% for overturning stability and 9.677% for stability against punching through a weight wall.

下肢力线调整区域对胫骨高位截骨后膝关节功能及运动学的影响

背景:开放楔形胫骨高位截骨力线调整会影响膝关节后倾、髌骨高度等,另外开放楔形胫骨高位截骨过程中根据不同内翻畸形力线调整也有差异,目前负重位力线调整差异对术后膝关节相关指数以及膝关节功能的影响仍存争议。目的:探究开放楔形胫骨高位截骨过程中力线调整区域对术后膝关节功能及关节运动学的影响。方法:选择2022年3月至2023年3月山东第一医科大学附属滨州市人民医院收治的膝骨关节炎并且接受开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗的患者76例,男33例,女43例,均为单膝。以胫骨平台外侧缘视为100%,膝关节中央髁间嵴位置为0%,根据患肢负重位力线经过外侧平台区域的不同分为2组:力线经胫骨平台外侧0-29%的区域归为A组(39例),30%-40%归为B组(37例)。分析术前、术后的胫股角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨后倾角以及髌骨高度的改变;通过疼痛数字评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分评估膝关节症状和功能情况。结果与结论:①两组患者术后1年的胫骨后倾角、胫骨近端内侧角均较前增大(P<0.05),胫股角较术前减小、髌骨高度较术前降低(P<0.05);术后1年两组间胫骨后倾角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫股角、髌骨高度相比差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②两组患者术后各时段HSS膝关节评分均优于术前,并呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05);两组间术后1周、3个月的HSS膝关节评分无显著差异(P>0.05);术后6,12个月HSS膝关节评分B组优于A组(P<0.05);③术后膝关节疼痛数字评分呈逐渐下降趋势(P<0.05),两组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);④结果表明,开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术后中早期膝关节功能及症状明显改善,随着负重位力线外移,膝关节相关参数发生变化;术后1年随访时B组膝关节功能恢复优于A组;术后更远期膝关节功能及临床差异有待进一步的随访研究。

Stresses induced by post-tensioned anchor in jointed rock mass

A new analytical study on stresses around a post-tensioned anchor in rocks with two perpendicular joint sets is presented. The assumptions of orthotropic elastic rock with plane strain conditions are made in derivation of the formulations. A tri-linear bond-slip constitutive law is used for modeling the tendon-grout interface behavior and debonding of this interface. The bearing plate width is also considered in the analysis. The obtained solutions are in the integral forms and numerical techniques that have been used for evaluation. In the illustrative example given, the major principal stress is compressive in the anchor free zone and compressive stress concentrations of 815 k Pa and 727 k Pa(for the anchor load of 300 k N) are observed under the bearing plate and the bond length proximal end, respectively. However, large values of tensile stresses with the maximum of-434 k Pa are formed at the bond length distal end. The results obtained using the proposed solution are compared very those of numerical method(FEM).

Analysis on seismic performance of a new type of joint in steel structures

To examine the seismic performance of a newly fabricated weakened joint at the beam end position,four groups of energy-consuming steel plates with different weakening depths and thicknesses were subjected to horizontal cyclic reciprocating loading tests on beam ends.The tests were designed to evaluate the beams'hysteresis curve,skeleton curve,bearing capacity degradation curve,stiffness degradation curve,and ductility and the nodes'energy dissipation capacity.The test results show that a newly fabricated joint will not undergo brittle damage when the beam-column joint is welded at a displacement of 105 mm.Thus,the hysteresis curve will show an inverse S shape,and an obvious slip phenomenon will occur,which is mainly due to splicing.The diameter of the bolt connecting the slab to the beam flange is slightly smaller than the aperture.Due to the existence of slippage,the skeleton curve has no evident yield point.The joint ductility coefficient is less than 3.0,and the initial rotational stiffness of the joint is also small.The buckling of the splicing panel causes a rapid decrease in the joint bearing capacity.The main approaches,appropriately reducing the weakening depth and increasing the thickness of the splicing plate,can delay the occurrence of buckling and improve the ductility of the joint.

Experiments on Large-Diameter Welded Hollow Spherical Joint

We experimented on welded hollow spherical joint of a stadium steel roof to investigate the stress and strain distributions on the surface of the joint and determine the ultimate bearing capacity. Then, finite element analysis was made to experimental results. When the test load was 140% of the design load, the stress at the bottom of the fourth wimble pipe reached the yield point. The experimental results agree with the analytical results well.

型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面板及其抗弯性能研究

正交异性钢桥面是目前800m以上国内外特大跨径钢桥的唯一选择,主因是自重轻、强度高、架设方便。但其存在疲劳开裂风险大、运维成本高的缺点。随着高性能材料UHPC的研发和应用,为构建自重轻、病害少、经济性好的桥面新结构提供了可能性。经过多年研究,作者提出一种新型桥面板结构——型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面结构,将型钢、钢板条与UHPC组合,桥面板的形成无任何板件焊接,因而具有高抗疲劳性,且与传统钢桥面相比,自重持平、造价减半,可作为除“正交异性钢桥面”外的“第二种”大跨径钢桥的桥面结构方案。该文研究这种轻型组合桥面板预制板及横向接缝的抗弯性能,制作4个条带模型(包括2个预制板试件和2个接缝试件),开展三点弯曲的横向接缝负弯矩试验和预制板正弯矩试验,并对试验结果进行分析;基于“条带法”建立预制板试件极限承载力计算模型,提出接缝试件的UHPC开裂名义拉应力计算方法;基于某斜拉桥应用实例,进行整体计算和局部计算,验证新型组合桥面结构在实桥上应用的可行性。研究结果表明:(1)型钢与UHPC间在极限状态前相对滑移非常小,具有良好的协同受力性能;(2)预制板试件的正弯矩极限承载力以型钢屈服控制,而接缝试件负弯矩极限承载力以UHPC开裂和加密钢筋断裂控制;(3)接缝试件的“T形”接缝、加密钢筋、燕尾形的企口、交错式切割型钢钢条等构造设计对接缝整体抗弯拉性能有很好的提高效果;(4)预制板试件极限承载力计算模型所得计算值与试验值吻合良好,该模型搭配名义拉应力计算方法,可帮助工程实际问题的设计与应用;(5)试验结果与实桥的有限元计算值相比,新型桥面结构均有1.3倍以上的安全系数,新型组合桥面应用于实桥具有可行性。

平面KK型矩形钢管节点静力试验研究

依托某主题广场月牙形艺廊单层网壳钢屋架结构,选取其最不利受力节点,设计了中心插板节点和毂节点两种KK型矩形钢管节点,分别对其足尺模型进行静载试验,测试分析模型节点区域的应变及应力分布规律,对比分析支管端部的位移变化。结果表明:1)设计荷载水平下,两个节点均满足受力要求;毂节点和中心插板节点的最大试验荷载约为等效设计荷载的2.85倍和3.25倍,节点安全储备较高;2)在最大试验荷载作用下,两个节点支管根部与中心构件相贯焊缝附近部分均不同程度地屈服,毂节点圆筒内加劲肋焊缝局部出现开裂;3)相同荷载作用下,中心插板节点相应位置应力应变水平相对较低,故中心插板节点的承载强度较高;4)由试验荷载-位移曲线分析得出毂节点的各肢平均位移比中心插板节点约大13.3%,表明中心插板节点弹性刚度较大。

骨架膜装配式节点设计与承载力分析

提出的骨架膜结构装配式节点具有构造简单、预制程度高、便于现场装配、可以调节消减加工误差、适应各种形状的骨架膜结构、传力清晰等特点。基于Hertz接触理论分析了该节点的关键承载结构——销轴连接的应力分布形式并与有限元分析相互印证。基于有限元分析得出了该节点中杆件与耳板最佳的连接方式,对该节点的三维模型进行简化并建立有限元模型,计算了该节点的极限承载能力,得到其破坏形式并与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点进行对比。结果表明:该装配式节点的失效由下弦杆控制,满足“强节点,弱杆件”的设计要求;该装配式节点的极限承载能力为设计荷载的2.95倍,与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点几乎相同,有充足的安全余量,可以更加灵活地应用于各种建筑结构中。

工字形钢梁-矩形钢管柱单向螺栓节点抗弯承载力理论计算方法

针对工字形纯钢梁和钢-混凝土组合梁分别与矩形钢管柱和矩形钢管混凝土柱采用单向螺栓(也称单边拧紧螺栓)连接形成的4种节点形式,对其在弯矩作用下的受力机理及破坏模式进行分析,讨论导致节点失效的因素。总结节点在弯矩作用下的9种失效模式,包括:单向螺栓拉断、端板受弯屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受拉屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受压屈服、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈曲、混凝土楼板局部压溃、钢筋屈服、矩形钢管柱内混凝土局部压溃、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈服,进而基于破坏模式给出节点各组件承载力的计算公式。对4种节点在不同破坏模式下的正弯矩承载力和负弯矩承载力进行分析,给出节点承载力计算公式。将节点抗弯承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证理论计算方法的可靠性。

预制装配式仰拱与衬砌接头直剪试验研究

装配式结构具有成本低、工期短和绿色施工等优点,因此中国正在大力推动装配式技术的应用.装配式技术应用于高速公路隧道建设中时,预制装配式仰拱与现浇衬砌接头处存在较大的安全隐患,容易发生剪切破坏.为了探究该类装配式结构接头处直剪受力状态下的抗剪力学性能,以接头的界面植筋率、界面尺寸和界面处理方式作为变化参数,设计并制作了21个“Z”字形试件开展直剪试验,观测了试件失效的全部过程以及破坏形态,获取了试件的剪切-滑移曲线,系统地分析了接头直剪力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:试件破坏分为植筋剪断和混凝土失效两种破坏形态;随着界面植筋率增加,试件极限抗剪承载力、延性和抵抗界面损伤演化的能力均随之提升;界面植筋率由0.7%增至1.1%时,极限抗剪承载力提升最大为66.4%;界面凿毛处理后试件的抗剪性能更优,其延性提升最大为41.5%;界面植筋率相同时,随着界面尺寸的增大,抗剪承载力随之提升,最大提升64.8%;试件抗剪性能存在一定的尺寸效应,界面尺寸较小试件的抗剪承载力随界面植筋率增加而提升的效果不显著.最后根据相关规范计算方法,基于试验结果和拓展的剪切-摩擦理论,提出了改进的预制装配式仰拱与现浇衬砌接头的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合度良好.

钢管输电塔挂线节点足尺模型失效模式与承载力提升分析

针对特高压钢管输电塔挂线位置节点在极端荷载下的安全性,提出了挂线节点双侧挂线板协同受力的构造改进措施,并对比研究两种挂线节点的极限承载力与失效模式。通过足尺挂线节点处的承载力试验与有限元分析,比较挂线节点在单侧板受力、双侧板受力情况下的应力分布与承载能力,分析传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间距。结果表明:双侧受力时两侧挂线板均发生弯曲破坏,受力形式更加合理,节点板应力分布更加均匀,挂线点的屈服承载力可以提升一倍以上,传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间隙为2~4 mm。

套筒灌浆连接预制混凝土框架柱接头斜截面抗剪性能试验研究

套筒灌浆连接是预制混凝土框架结构中应用较广泛的连接方式。开展了6个套筒灌浆连接预制混凝土柱接头的抗剪试验,主要研究了轴压比(0,0.2,0.4,0.6)、混凝土强度等级(C30,C40,C50)对柱接头斜截面抗剪性能影响。研究表明:所有试件接头均发生斜截面剪切破坏,且斜截面破坏发生时接缝界面保持完好;柱接头抗剪承载力随着混凝土强度、轴压比的提高而增大;在轴压比0.4下,与C40试件相比,C30试件的抗剪承载力降低14%,C50试件的抗剪承载力提高13%;混凝土强度等级为C40时,轴压比为0,0.2试件的抗剪承载力分别比轴压比为0.4试件降低17%,8%,轴压比为0.6试件的抗剪承载力比轴压比为0.4试件提高7%;预制柱接头的初始刚度随轴压比的增大而增大。最后,基于试验结果,对中国GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》(2015年版)、欧洲规范《Eurocode 2:Design of Concrete Structures》中混凝土柱接头斜截面抗剪承载力计算公式进行了评价。

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

轴力作用下焊接方管Π型节点的极限承载力分析

目前规范中还未规定Π型构造形式的方管节点承载力计算公式。该文在经过试验验证有限元分析准确性的基础上,基于两种方管不同区域的材料本构关系模型,利用Abaqus软件对85组在轴力作用下的节点进行了数值模拟,得到了方管Π型节点在轴力作用下的极限承载力。随后,通过参数化分析和多元回归,得出影响Π型节点极限承载力的因素以及修正的承载力计算公式。结果表明,支管-主管宽度比β对节点极限承载力和初始刚度影响较大,增大支管宽度,能够显著提高节点的极限承载力,支管上施加的荷载由主管上表面的抗弯、抗剪作用和主管侧壁共同承担,节点的破坏模式也取决于β;主管宽厚比2γ越大,意味着主管上翼缘和支管连接区域变得更加细长,降低了主管上翼缘的抗弯刚度,节点承载力和初始刚度因此降低;支管-主管高宽比η和支管间距g对节点极限承载力有一定影响,增大支管截面的高度和支管间隙,即增大了沿主管纵向方向的支管、主管相交区域,使得支管在主管翼缘更宽的区域传递荷载,节点的塑性区域更大,材料利用更充分,因此提高了节点的承载能力;支管-主管厚度比τ对节点极限承载力和初始刚度影响不大,支管的壁厚增加,提高了支管的承载力,但节点最终破坏是主管上翼缘达到屈服破坏而并非支管破坏,因此支管厚度的变化对节点承载能力影响不明显。根据有限元模型的分析结果,通过曲线拟合提出了计算方管Π型节点极限承载力的参数方程,并对该方程的准确性进行了评价,为这类节点的进一步研究和工程应用提供了参考。