Analysis of a new 5-phase bearingless induction motor

This paper addresses the bearingless motor with a single set of multiphase windings. The interaction between M and M±1 pole-pair magnetic fields produces radial force. Based on this principle,a bearingless machine is obtained. Conventional bearingless machine has dual windings,levitation windings and torque windings,which produce the two magnetic fields. In the proposed bearingless motor,the two needed magnetic fields are produced by feeding two groups of currents to a single set of multiphase windings. Taking a 5-phase induction motor as example,the inductance matrices,considering air gap eccentricity,are calculated with the modified winding function method. The radial force analytical model is deduced by virtual displacement,and its results are validated by FEA. The mathematical model of the new bearingless machine is set up,and the simulation results verified the feasibility of this novel bearingless motor.

Bearingless motor’s radial suspension force control based on flux equivalent with virtual winding current analysis method

A bearingless motor has two sets of intercoupling stator windings, namely torque windings and sus-pension force windings. The decoupling control of the two sets is difficult and a key technology to stable operation for a bearingless motor. In this paper, a simple, reliable and accurate analysis method is put forward using the concept of flux equivalent with virtual winding currents. By this method, the suspension operation condition PB=PM±1 for bearingless motors is testified, and under the rotation condition of the motor, it is also proved that currents in suspension force windings must have the same phase sequence and frequency as torque windings to generate a stable single direction radial force in the rotor's whole circumference. On this basis, the control strategy of realizing the suspension opera-tion of the bearingless motor is presented, and a prototype of the bearingless surface-mounted per-manent magnet synchronous motor is tested. The research results have indicated that the experimental results correspond with theoretical analysis adopting this method, a stable and reliable radial suspen-sion force can be generated, and the validity and feasibility of this control strategy are confirmed.

Nonlinear Decoupling Control of the Bearingless Induction Motors Based on the Airgap Motor Flux Orientation

The bearingless induction motor, which combines the inductionmotor and magnetic bearing is a strongly coupled complicatednonlinear system; the decoupling control of the electromag- net toqueand readial levitation force is the base of the stable operation ofthe benaringless motor. In this paper, the air-gap motor fluxoriented vector control is proposed to realize the decoupling controlof this nonlinear system even in the transient case based on thelevitation principle. Simulations show the stable suspension and goodperformance of the proposed algorithm.

Decoupling Control of 5 Degrees of Freedom Bearingless Induction Motors Using α-th Order Inverse System Method

A 5-degrees-of-freedom bearingless induction motor is a multi-variable,nonlinear and strong-coupled system．In order to achieve rotor suspension and operation steadily,it is necessary to realize dynamic decoupling control among torque and suspension forces．In the paper,a method based on α-th order inverse system theory is used to study dynamic decoupling control．Firstly,the working principles of a 3-degrees-of-freedom magnetic bearing and a 2-degrees-of-freedom bearinglees induction motor are analyzed, the radial-axial force equations of 3-degrees-of-freedom magnetic bearing,the electromagnetic torque equation and radial force equations of the 2-degrees-of-freedom bearingless induction motor are given,and then the state equations of the 5-degrees-of-freedom bearingless induction motor are set up．Secondly,the feasibility of decoupling control based on dynamic inverse theory is discussed in detail,and the state feedback linearization method is used to decouple and linearize the system．Finally,linear control system techniques are applied to these linearization subsystems to synthesize and simulate．The simulation results have shown that this kind of control strategy can realize dynamic decoupling control among torque and suspension forces of the 5-degrees-of-freedom bearingless induction motor,and that the control system has good dynamic and static performance．

Two Different Role Division Control Strategies for Torque and Axial Force of Conical Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

Although the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation system composed of two conical bearingless switched reluctance motors(CBSRMs)owns the simplest structure,the torque and levitation forces are coupled greatly.Therefore,it is difficult to make the rotor rotate and be fully levitated simultaneously.To solve this problem,two different role division control strategies are proposed in this paper,i.e.individual role division and mutual role division control strategies.The difference between them is the selection of motor which controls the torque or the axial force.In order to understand the characteristics of control variables,the principle and mathematical model of CBSRM are introduced.After that,two control strategies are explained in detail.To verify the demonstrated performance,the simulations are completed with MATLAB/Simulink.

Design and Analysis of Asymmetric Rotor Pole Type Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

Bearingless switched reluctance motor(BSRM) not only combines the merits of bearingless motor(BM) and switched reluctance motor(SRM), but also decreases the vibration and acoustic noise of SRM, so it could be a strong candidate for high-speed driving fields. Under the circumstances, a 12/14 BSRM with hybrid stator pole has been proposed due to its high output torque density and excellent decoupling characteristics between torque and suspension force. However, this motor has torque dead-zone, which leads to problems of self-start at some rotor positions and large torque ripple during normal operation. To solve the existing problems in the 12/14 type, an asymmetric rotor pole type BSRM is proposed. The structure and design process of the proposed motor is presented in detail. The characteristics of the proposed motor is analyzed and compared with that of the 12/14 type. Furthermore, prototype of the proposed structure is designed, manufactured and experimented. Finally, simulation and test results are illustrated and analyzed to prove the validity of the proposed structure.

宽转子极无轴承开关磁阻电机径向力模型全周期拓展

针对单绕组宽转子极无轴承开关磁阻电机在定转子极非完全交叠区间的径向悬浮力模型空白、已有定转子极完全交叠区间径向悬浮力模型推导过程复杂且计算量大的不足,首先通过磁场有限元分析,分别确定了该电机在定转子非完全交叠区间和完全交叠区间的电磁场几何分布,计算了气隙磁密,再根据麦克斯韦应力法分别推导了这2个区间的径向力表达式,从而建立该电机在一个完整周期范围内的径向力数学模型,并通过与三维有限元计算结果的对比验证该模型的准确性。相比于利用等效磁路图推导径向力模型而言,该建模过程更简便,计算量也更小。全周期径向力模型的建立,不仅能为电机本体和控制器设计提供理论参考,还有助于提高该电机控制策略设计的灵活性,也可以提高与传统单绕组无轴承电机控制器的通用性。

宽转子无轴承开关磁阻电机的计及磁饱和径向力模型

针对无轴承开关磁阻电机现有的基于无磁饱和假设的数学模型只适用于未磁饱和工况的缺点,为宽转子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机建立了一种可以计及磁饱和影响的全周期径向力数学模型。首先依据该电机的磁场有限元分析结果,基于麦克斯韦应力法求出了径向力关于气隙磁密的表达式;然后对铁心材料的非线性磁化特性进行拟合,再根据该电机的等效磁路计算了计及磁饱和影响的气隙磁密;之后建立了该电机的径向力模型,并在对比分析了边缘气隙磁密和主气隙磁密对径向力的影响后,对所建径向力模型进行简化,以减小计算量和复杂度。最后利用三维有限元分析进行验证,结果表明所建径向力模型对该电机未磁饱和、部分磁饱和以及完全磁饱和工况均适用。计及磁饱和的全周期径向力模型的建立,可以为电机运行特性分析、本体优化设计以及控制策略研究提供更准确的理论参考。

基于LDC1101的电涡流传感器设计

传统的模拟式电涡流传感器存在容易受到干扰、电路设计复杂的问题而利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)软件实现测量电路和输出信号的数字式电涡流传感器调试复杂的问题。针对以上问题,设计了基于LDC1101的数字化电涡流传感器,实现载波信号发生和测量信号解调于一体,并把测量结果通过SPI通信传输给控制器。每个传感器模块由1个LDC1101芯片、1个电涡流传感线圈和1个匹配电容组成。极大简化了电路设计以及调试难度。此传感器测量方法已用于无轴承永磁电机的悬浮控制中对转子磁钢的径向位置测量中。通过4只传感器安装在信号采集电路板上,差分测量然后计算出转子的x和y位置。试验结果表明,该方法分辨率高,可靠性好。

一种定子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机的转子位移控制方法

提出了一种用于定子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机(Bearingless switched reluctance motor,BLSRM)的转子位移控制方法。首先介绍了定子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机的基本结构和工作原理,基于等效磁路法建立悬浮力和刚度的数学模型。其次,建立了转子动力学模型以获取悬浮力与转子位移间的关系模型。最后,设计了一台实验样机并在电机上进行悬浮控制实验。实验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

混合励磁磁悬浮开关磁阻电机转矩建模与分析

针对传统磁悬浮开关磁阻电机的输出转矩小及转矩与悬浮的耦合问题,提出一种四相16/14/8极混合励磁双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机。介绍了该电机的拓扑结构、转矩原理与悬浮原理,并优化了转矩绕组的励磁方式,运用有限元法比较分析了该电机与同参数不加永磁体电机的电磁特性,包括电机的转矩特性以及解耦特性,仿真结果验证了该电机自解耦结构的合理性及能有效提高输出转矩。在麦克斯韦应力法基础上,根据电机工作时的磁通分布建立了等效磁路图,采用分段函数拟合铁芯磁化曲线,推导出了考虑磁饱和的转矩数学模型,有限元仿真分析验证了转矩模型与仿真结果较吻合,最小相差约1.4%,最大相差约26%。

单霍尔故障下无轴承永磁薄片电机径向位移容错检测

由于人工无轴承心脏泵要求微型化,所以心脏泵系统不能采用大体积的电涡流传感器来采集径向位移信息。基于霍尔测径向位移的无轴承永磁薄片电机采用霍尔同时辨识转角和径向位移,大幅降低系统体积。霍尔输出信号直接影响无轴承电机悬浮性能,当单个霍尔传感器故障时,由于缺失一相磁链导致电机失浮。为了提高基于霍尔测径向位移的无轴承永磁薄片电机容错能力,该文针对单霍尔传感器故障时角度和径向位移信息会重新耦合,难以高精度分离的问题,提出基于谐波补偿的霍尔磁链重构算法。首先,采用磁链重构思想,利用剩余非故障霍尔重构解算径向位移的一相磁链;然后,对上述重构磁链中不偏心3次谐波进行补偿,并构建霍尔矫正表求解径向位移;最后,搭建实验平台,通过仿真和实验验证了所提算法的准确性。

高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机设计与优化

传统无轴承电机在高速和高功率密度之间难以取得平衡,为此围绕高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机,对其拓扑结构、绕组形式、主要尺寸等方面进行优化设计,在保证转速和功率密度的基础上有效地提升悬浮性能。通过对运行工况的分析,得出电机拓扑结构需具备的基本特点,提出一种采用环形集成绕组的表贴式无轴承永磁薄片电机。在兼顾转矩和悬浮力输出性能、机械防护可靠性的基础上,对电机的电磁气隙长度和永磁体参数等主要尺寸进行优化设计。针对电机饱和、绕组端部伸出等不利因素,分别采取了超前角弱磁、定子略长的性能提升策略,有效地避免了悬浮力的大幅度跌落。搭建20 000 r/min的无轴承永磁薄片电机有限元仿真模型并制造实物样机。通过对电磁转矩和主、被动悬浮力的分析,证明了本文设计的无轴承永磁薄片电机兼具良好的转矩与悬浮力输出性能,单位幅值电流产生的电磁转矩、主动悬浮力分别为0.166 N·m、4.4 N,电机输出功率10 kW、功率密度5.2 kW/kg。

基于PID控制器的无轴承异步电机控制策略研究

无轴承异步电机(Bearingless Induction Motor,BIM)具有摩擦小、无需润滑、运转速度高等优点,具有重要的研究和应用价值。但是相对于传统异步电机,无轴承异步电机的数学模型是一个强耦合、多变量、非线性的高阶函数,导致其控制策略相对复杂。为此,本文研究了一种基于PID控制器的无轴承异步电机气隙磁场定向控制策略,对其控制原理和实现方法进行了详细的论述,采用Matlab仿真软件对其有效性进行了验证,并基于TMS320F28335搭建了实验平台,对控制效果进行了验证。

新型材料结构无轴承永磁电机输出特性影响分析

针对目前大部分无轴承永磁电机的转子材料和结构性能较差导致电机输出特性不优的问题,本文提出了一种新型的无轴承永磁电机转子材料与转子组合。一方面,研究不同材料(铁氧体、铝镍钴、稀土钕铁硼)对转矩密度、功率密度、效率等方面的影响,确定出能使电机性能最优的材料。另一方面,设计了一种新型的永磁转子结构,并采用ANSYS对包括永磁转子结构在内的三种结构进行电磁有限元分析。结果表明,本文设计的新型材料、结构可以显著提高无轴承永磁电机的悬浮性能,新型Halbach阵列转子结构性能最优,且进一步提高了工作效率和永磁体利用率,这为无轴承永磁电机的结构优化和性能提升提供了空间。

基于灰狼算法的无轴承永磁同步电机多目标优化

为了降低无轴承永磁同步电机的悬浮脉动并提高电机的转矩,使其性能更加优越,提出了基于解析-灰狼算法对电机进行多目标优化设计。通过对比解析法和有限元法的计算结果,验证了解析法计算的准确性。将电机的气隙宽度、槽口宽度、极弧系数和永磁体厚度4个变量作为优化参数对电机进行多目标优化。对比优化前后的结果,电机的悬浮力脉动和转矩得到了明显的改善,验证了该算法的可行性。

无轴承永磁同步电主轴的模糊滑模位移控制

为满足无轴承永磁同步电主轴高性能转子位移控制要求,结合遗传算法寻优快及模糊控制能柔化控制信号的优点,设计一种将滑模等效控制、模糊控制和遗传算法有机结合的电主轴转子位移控制策略,在滑模控制中引入模糊切换增益,并通过遗传算法对模糊滑模控制器参数进行优化,从而获得最佳控制效果。结果表明:模糊滑模控制降低了系统在传统滑模控制下的抖振,遗传算法优化后模糊滑模控制下的不同轴向稳态转子振动峰峰值较优化前分别减小了53%和27.5%。

基于定转子开窗的混合励磁双定子BSRM振动抑制

无轴承开关磁阻电机(BSRM)由于容错性高、损耗小、效率高等优点在工业领域已得到广泛应用,但电机运行时振动会限制其在某些领域的应用。以混合励磁双定子BSRM为研究对象引入一种在定转子齿部开窗的方法,通过改变外定子或转子铁心磁阻大小,可以减小气隙中的磁密大小,达到减小电磁振动的目的。采用电磁有限元法与正交试验法优化窗口的位置和尺寸,验证转子开窗对外定子径向力和转矩的影响,最后通过模态叠加法验证转子开窗对振动响应的影响。结果表明,该方法对混合励磁双定子BSRM电磁振动有较好的抑制效果但对电机转矩有一定影响。

混合单绕组磁悬浮开关磁阻电机悬浮特性分析

单绕组磁悬浮开关磁阻电机可以实现全功率转矩和转矩/悬浮两种模式运行,具有转矩系统与悬浮系统高度集成的独特优势,但存在悬浮力输出范围有限的弊端。针对上述问题,该文将单绕组磁悬浮开关磁阻电机模块设计,与直流磁悬浮轴承一体化集成,形成混合单绕组磁悬浮开关磁阻电机(hybrid single winding bearingless switched reluctance motor,HSWBSRM)。进一步将HSWBSRM宽支承系统的定子凸极与转子凸极设计为宽齿-窄齿互相配合形式,引入轴向充磁永磁体提供产生悬浮力的偏置磁场,提高悬浮力输出能力,降低了系统的体积与悬浮功耗。该文首先阐明混合单绕组磁悬浮电机结构与运行原理,并揭示设计约束条件。针对典型实验样机参数,构建三维有限元分析模型,着重围绕宽支承系统偏置、主动悬浮特性以及单绕组系统转矩/悬浮特性开展深入分析。最后,在探明宽支承系统与单绕组系统耦合特性的基础上,提出相应控制策略并构建控制系统,验证HSWBSRM悬浮机理的可行性与有效性。

12/14磁悬浮开关磁阻电机悬浮系统解耦控制策略

12/14磁悬浮开关磁阻电机悬浮力位移刚度系数和电流刚度系数受转子位置动态耦合,具有非线性时变特征,严重影响悬浮系统运行鲁棒性。针对上述问题,该文提出基于耦合悬浮力调节器的悬浮系统控制策略。首先,基于有限元分析和麦克斯韦应力法,揭示悬浮力非线性时变规律,并建立完善的数学模型;进一步将该模型表征为位置解耦悬浮力模型和非线性时变耦合分量。其中,位置解耦悬浮力模型一方面作为悬浮系统的直接反馈模型,另一方面用于设计耦合悬浮力观测器,实时在线获取非线性时变耦合分量。所获取的耦合分量作为外部干扰前馈补偿至悬浮控制系统。最后,针对基于耦合悬浮力调节器以及控制系统的有效性开展仿真分析与实验验证,结果表明,所提控制方法可以有效地解决转子位置对悬浮系统的动态耦合,提升系统鲁棒性。