In view of the fact that the existing methods of measuring bubble propertiesare difficult to be realized in magnetic fluidized beds,a new method,the magnetic induc-tive method,has been developed.With the help of this ...In view of the fact that the existing methods of measuring bubble propertiesare difficult to be realized in magnetic fluidized beds,a new method,the magnetic induc-tive method,has been developed.With the help of this method the bubble properties inmagnetic fluidized beds were studied successfully,which concerned mainly with the influ-ence of magnetic intensity,single jet gas flow rate and main fluidizing gas flow rate onbubble frequency,velocity volume and coalescence or splitting.展开更多
This work deals with the determination of the temperature profile within a direct heating<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=&q...This work deals with the determination of the temperature profile within a direct heating<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">moving bed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">torrefier</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">in order to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determine its minimum column height. A thermal model based on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eulerian-eulerian</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">two</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">phase</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> solid-gas theory was performed and solved with the method of lines. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In addition</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, this study allows </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to investigate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the effect of the biomass particle size on the minimum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">torrefier</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> column height. This</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> investigation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was performed by changing, simultaneously, the diameter of particles and the minimum fluidization velocity of the bed. Then, the calculations were made for a counter-current torrefaction reactor of 30</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm in diameter and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg/h of the feed rate of raw sugarcane bagasse.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results show that the height of the reactor column must be at least 30 cm for that are 1 mm in diameter and 108 cm for particles that are 2 mm in diameter.</span>展开更多
A group of red interbedded sandstone, siltstone and clay\|stone occur in the inland of northern Tibet. During the last 50 years, a lot of researches have been done at this group of beds along the Qinghai\|Xizang highw...A group of red interbedded sandstone, siltstone and clay\|stone occur in the inland of northern Tibet. During the last 50 years, a lot of researches have been done at this group of beds along the Qinghai\|Xizang highway in the Kekexili area.. According to the lithological characters, the strata have been divided into tow parts, the lower part named as the Feng huoshan group, and the upper part the Yaxicuo group. It is obscure to the age of the strata. For example, Yi jixiang et al. (1990) put them in early Pliocene in the light of the microfossils which they found at the foot of Feng huoshan mountain. The fossils include (1) Charophyta: Rhabdochara? sp ., Peckichara subsphecrica?, Cyrogoniae; (2) Ostracoda: Cypris sp .; (3) Gastropod: Sinoplanorbis sp ., Amnicola sp ., Bithynia sp .; and (4) Sporopollen: Tricoporopollenites nactonodus ?, Polypodiceoisporites, Cyathidites, Schizosporis, Pediastrum. Based on different species of Charophyta, Ostracoda, Gastropod, Bivalve, Sporopollen, Zhang Yifu et al. (1994) refer the strata to Cretaceous. The lower abundance of the fossils from previous research gave lower precision of fossil identification. Thus, the age of the strata was confusion.展开更多
The pebble-bed reactor is one of the most promising designs for the nuclear energy industry. In this paper,a discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics(DEM-CFD) approach that includes thermal conduction, rad...The pebble-bed reactor is one of the most promising designs for the nuclear energy industry. In this paper,a discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics(DEM-CFD) approach that includes thermal conduction, radiation, and natural convection mechanisms was proposed to simulate the thermal-fluid phenomena after the failure of forced circulation cooling system in a pebble-bed core. The whole large-scale packed bed was created using the DEM technique, and the calculated radial porosity of the bed was validated with empirical correlations reported by researchers. To reduce computational costs, a segment of the bed was extracted, which served as a good representative of the large-scale packed bed for CFD calculation. The temperature distributions simulated with two different fluids in this DEM-CFD approach were in good agreement with SANA experimental data. The influence of the natural convection mechanism on heat transfer must be taken into account for coolants with strong convective capacity. The proposed DEM-CFD methodology offers a computationally efficient and widely applied method for understanding the heat transfer process in a pebble-bed core. The method can also be easily extended to assess the passive safety features of newly designed fluoride-salt-cooled pebble-bed reactors.展开更多
An experimental installation of cold model simulation was set up to study the bed pressure drop in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor during top feeding and bottom feeding, respectively, at various gas v...An experimental installation of cold model simulation was set up to study the bed pressure drop in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor during top feeding and bottom feeding, respectively, at various gas velocities with the fluidization image of solid particles monitored at the same time. By comparing the changes in bed density and operating gas velocity in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor, the influence of top feeding and bottom feeding patterns on fluidization behavior could be investigated. The results showed that the bed density in top feeding reactor responded more stably to the change in gas velocity along with the advantage of working in a wider range of operating gas velocities. Based on this study, it is concluded that existing bottom feeding reactor configurations cannot meet the fluidization requirements; and optimization of bottom feeding reactor will be needed.展开更多
文摘In view of the fact that the existing methods of measuring bubble propertiesare difficult to be realized in magnetic fluidized beds,a new method,the magnetic induc-tive method,has been developed.With the help of this method the bubble properties inmagnetic fluidized beds were studied successfully,which concerned mainly with the influ-ence of magnetic intensity,single jet gas flow rate and main fluidizing gas flow rate onbubble frequency,velocity volume and coalescence or splitting.
文摘This work deals with the determination of the temperature profile within a direct heating<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">moving bed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">torrefier</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">in order to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determine its minimum column height. A thermal model based on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eulerian-eulerian</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">two</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">phase</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> solid-gas theory was performed and solved with the method of lines. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In addition</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, this study allows </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to investigate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the effect of the biomass particle size on the minimum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">torrefier</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> column height. This</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> investigation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was performed by changing, simultaneously, the diameter of particles and the minimum fluidization velocity of the bed. Then, the calculations were made for a counter-current torrefaction reactor of 30</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cm in diameter and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg/h of the feed rate of raw sugarcane bagasse.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results show that the height of the reactor column must be at least 30 cm for that are 1 mm in diameter and 108 cm for particles that are 2 mm in diameter.</span>
文摘A group of red interbedded sandstone, siltstone and clay\|stone occur in the inland of northern Tibet. During the last 50 years, a lot of researches have been done at this group of beds along the Qinghai\|Xizang highway in the Kekexili area.. According to the lithological characters, the strata have been divided into tow parts, the lower part named as the Feng huoshan group, and the upper part the Yaxicuo group. It is obscure to the age of the strata. For example, Yi jixiang et al. (1990) put them in early Pliocene in the light of the microfossils which they found at the foot of Feng huoshan mountain. The fossils include (1) Charophyta: Rhabdochara? sp ., Peckichara subsphecrica?, Cyrogoniae; (2) Ostracoda: Cypris sp .; (3) Gastropod: Sinoplanorbis sp ., Amnicola sp ., Bithynia sp .; and (4) Sporopollen: Tricoporopollenites nactonodus ?, Polypodiceoisporites, Cyathidites, Schizosporis, Pediastrum. Based on different species of Charophyta, Ostracoda, Gastropod, Bivalve, Sporopollen, Zhang Yifu et al. (1994) refer the strata to Cretaceous. The lower abundance of the fossils from previous research gave lower precision of fossil identification. Thus, the age of the strata was confusion.
基金supported by the Chinese TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(No.XDA02010000)the Frontier Science Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)
文摘The pebble-bed reactor is one of the most promising designs for the nuclear energy industry. In this paper,a discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics(DEM-CFD) approach that includes thermal conduction, radiation, and natural convection mechanisms was proposed to simulate the thermal-fluid phenomena after the failure of forced circulation cooling system in a pebble-bed core. The whole large-scale packed bed was created using the DEM technique, and the calculated radial porosity of the bed was validated with empirical correlations reported by researchers. To reduce computational costs, a segment of the bed was extracted, which served as a good representative of the large-scale packed bed for CFD calculation. The temperature distributions simulated with two different fluids in this DEM-CFD approach were in good agreement with SANA experimental data. The influence of the natural convection mechanism on heat transfer must be taken into account for coolants with strong convective capacity. The proposed DEM-CFD methodology offers a computationally efficient and widely applied method for understanding the heat transfer process in a pebble-bed core. The method can also be easily extended to assess the passive safety features of newly designed fluoride-salt-cooled pebble-bed reactors.
文摘An experimental installation of cold model simulation was set up to study the bed pressure drop in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor during top feeding and bottom feeding, respectively, at various gas velocities with the fluidization image of solid particles monitored at the same time. By comparing the changes in bed density and operating gas velocity in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor, the influence of top feeding and bottom feeding patterns on fluidization behavior could be investigated. The results showed that the bed density in top feeding reactor responded more stably to the change in gas velocity along with the advantage of working in a wider range of operating gas velocities. Based on this study, it is concluded that existing bottom feeding reactor configurations cannot meet the fluidization requirements; and optimization of bottom feeding reactor will be needed.