REST API自动化测试综述

REST API已经成为访问和使用云服务、Web、移动应用程序的重要途径,如何对这些API进行自动化测试以保证服务的安全性和可靠性是亟待解决的问题。目前虽然关于REST API自动化测试的研究成果众多,但仍缺少对测试技术全面的分析和总结。梳理了该领域近10年的代表性成果,首先总结了REST API自动化测试的发展历程;然后结合REST API自动化测试特征,提炼了测试的通用流程;接着分别从预处理、测试用例生成、测试用例执行与监测、结果分析四个环节阐述现有成果的技术特征,对比分析其优缺点;最后论述当前研究存在的不足,讨论可能的解决思路,展望了下一步研究方向。

Anti-oxidation actions of curcumin in two forms of bed rest:oxidative stress serum and salivary markers

Objective:To determine the preventive effects of curcumin on peroxidative damage under two bed rest conditions.Methods:20 healthy male(10 with curcumin and 10 without curcumin ) volunteers were selected.They were studied before,during,and just on bed rest conditions at -6°head-down-tilt(HDT) bed rest and bed rest position(BD) for 10 days.We measured the salivary and serum oxidative markers such as Malonaldehyde,8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, vitamin C and E just before HDT & BD.during HDT & BD experiment,and in course time of recovery with curcumin and without curcumin groups.Results:The values of serum and salivary vitamin C & E showed statistically significant decrease in both bed rest conditions as compared to those of the conditions before and during the recovery stage.However,these levels were not significantly lowered in curcumin groups in contrast to the groups without curcumin (P】0.05).MDA and 8-OHdG levels showed significant increase in simulating microgravity and zero gravity conditions as compared to those before and in the recovery stage.However,these levels were lower in curcumin groups in contrast to the groups without curcumin(P【0.05).Serum and salivary correlation analysis revealed a strong and highly significant correlation for MDA. vitamin C & E and 8 dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) in the conditions before,during and in the recovery periods in both bed rest conditions.Since saliva collection is easy and noninvasive, measurements of salivary marker levels may prove to be useful in the space research. Conclusions:Curcumin prevents peroxidative damage in both bed rest conditions.Further study is required on antioxidation actions of curcumin in space microgravity conditions.

Safety study of Folfox-HAIC in relieving bed restriction

Objective:To investigate the safety of relieving bed restriction in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and its effects on patient comfort.Methods:A prospective study was conducted.Patients with malignant liver tumors,who met the enrollment criteria,were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.During HAIC treatment,the patients in the experimental group,who were not confined to bed and could get out of bed,used electronic injection pumps to infuse chemotherapy drugs.The patients in the control group,who were strictly confined to bed and prohibited from getting out of bed,used infusion pumps to infuse chemotherapy drugs.The complications of the two groups were observed.The Christenson standard improved method was used to evaluate the bleeding and hematoma of limbs on the operation side.The Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ)and Barthel Index(BI)were used to evaluate the two groups.Results:Ninety patients with malignant liver tumors were enrolled,including 53 with primary liver cancer and 37 with colorectal liver metastasis.There were 70 males and 20 females,aged 41-81 years old,with an average age of 61.6±9.248 years old.There were 60 patients in the experimental group and 30 patients in the control group.All patients underwent HAIC.The study showed that,during the treatment period,there were 3 cases of postoperative puncture point hematoma formation in the two groups,including 2 cases in the experimental group(2/60,3.3%)and 1 case in the control group(1/30,3.3%).The difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).There were 5 cases of postoperative puncture point bleeding,including 4 cases in the experimental group(4/60,6.7%)and 1 case in the control group(1/30,3.3%),and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).A total of 23 cases,with 6 cases in the experimental group(6/60,10%)and 17 cases in the control group(17/30,56.7%),complained of back pain after the operation,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Twenty-one cases complained of poor defecation after the operation,including 10 cases in the experimental group(10/60,16.7%)and 11 cases in the control group(11/30,36.7%).The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).During the period of infusion chemotherapy,the two groups of patients had there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of comfort status(GCQ)(88.78±6.705,78.47±9.519,p<0.001)and self-care ability(BI)(74.25±9.152,66.83±6.628,p<0.001).Conclusion:During HAIC treatment,getting out of bed is safe and reliable and can increase the patients’comfort and self-care ability.Hence,it merits clinical application.

Feasibility of incorporating a bed-rest exercise program during a twin pregnancy: Case reports

Considering the maternal risk for both short- and long-term disability imposed by activity restriction, it is of great concern that the antepartum symptoms of bed rest are still evident in the postpartum period. The benefits of bed-rest-exercise may alleviate or even prevent physiological distresses or deconditioning associated with activity restriction, thus, eliminating or stabilizing, factors that may augment existing complications. This is the first study to investigate the feasibility of incorporating a bed-rest exercise program in a specific hospitalized twin pregnancy case. The maternal physiological responses of heart rate, blood pressure and uterine contractions to a four week bed-rest resistance program were measured in a woman hospitalized due to complications during her twin pregnancy. A second participant (same diagnoses) was included as a control. The bed-rest-exercise reduced the degree of swelling in the lower extremities, promoted more energy during the day and a better night’s sleep. There were no significant differences in uterine contractions pre vs. post protocol and all babies were born healthy.

Influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of ballasted bed based on wheelset impact tests

The unsupported sleeper can change the load characteristics of ballast particles and thus affect the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed.In this work,a laboratory test was constructed on a ballasted track containing unsupported sleepers.The ballasted track was excited by a wheelset,and the influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed was studied.The results show that the main frequency of the sleeper vibration appeared at 670 Hz,and the first-order rigid vibration mode at the frequency of 101 Hz had a significant effect on the condition without the unsupported sleeper.When the sleepers were continuously unsupported,the vibration damping effect of ballasted bed within the frequency range of 0–450 Hz was better than that at higher frequencies.Within the frequency range of 70–250 Hz,the vibration damping effect of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers was better than that without the unsupported sleeper.Owing to the excitation from the wheelset impact,the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers whose hanging heights were 30,60,and 90 mm increased by 37.43%,12.25%,and 18.23%,respectively,while the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed without the unsupported sleeper remained basically unchanged.The unsupported sleeper could increase the difference in the quality of the ballasted bed between two adjacent sleepers.In addition,test results show that the hanging height of the unsupported sleeper had little effect on the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed without external excitation,but had an obvious effect on the rate of change of the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed and the acceleration amplitude of the sleeper vibration under the wheelset impact.

Study of the Effects of Lower Limb Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Hospitalized Pregnant Women on Bed Rest for Prevention of Miscarriage

Objective: Against a background of the two-child policy in China, the objective is to explore the effects of lower limb strengthening exercises on hospitalized pregnant women put on bed rest for prevention of miscarriage. Method: Sixty cases of pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics in one of the highest ranking hospitals in Guangzhou, China, during the period from November 2018 to December 2019 for the purpose of preventing miscarriage were selected. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group of 30 cases each. The control group was put under routine care while the intervention group conducted lower limb muscle strengthening exercise on top of the routine care. After the intervention, the conditions of lower limbs, the psychological states and the results of pregnancy for the two groups were compared. Results: After the intervention, the scores of the experimental group in anxiety, depression and postpartum depression were lower and leg circumferences were smaller compared to the control group. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The experimental group had longer gestation than the control group and was able to get out of bed earlier than the control group after delivery, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lower limb muscle strengthening exercises can effectively improve the physiological and psychological states of pregnant women hospitalized for prevention of miscarriage and promote their postpartum recovery.

基于RESTful架构的气象数据检验接口设计与实现

气象数据质量评价是整个数据链条中的关键一环。为解决目前气象数据检验业务分散滞后、资源不集约及服务效率不高的问题,实现统一服务,基于现代Web应用流行框架RESTful,首次将检验作为Web服务,基于共性检验需求设计并实现RESTful架构风格的气象数据检验接口。统一接口服务将业务资源进行集中,提高物理资源利用率的同时释放人力资源。接口服务以及基于接口开发的检验系统,可实现检验结果秒级在线查询,大大提高检验效率,丰富的接口和可视化系统给用户带来良好体验。

Large-scale model testing of high-pressure grouting reinforcement for bedding slope with rapid-setting polyurethane

Bedding slope is a typical heterogeneous slope consisting of different soil/rock layers and is likely to slide along the weakest interface.Conventional slope protection methods for bedding slopes,such as retaining walls,stabilizing piles,and anchors,are time-consuming and labor-and energy-intensive.This study proposes an innovative polymer grout method to improve the bearing capacity and reduce the displacement of bedding slopes.A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of polymer grout in protecting bedding slopes.Specifically,load-displacement relationships and failure patterns were analyzed for different testing slopes with various dosages of polymer.Results show the great potential of polymer grout in improving bearing capacity,reducing settlement,and protecting slopes from being crushed under shearing.The polymer-treated slopes remained structurally intact,while the untreated slope exhibited considerable damage when subjected to loads surpassing the bearing capacity.It is also found that polymer-cemented soils concentrate around the injection pipe,forming a fan-shaped sheet-like structure.This study proves the improvement of polymer grouting for bedding slope treatment and will contribute to the development of a fast method to protect bedding slopes from landslides.

Characterization of a Powertrain Test Bed in the Context of Virtual Validation of Drivability

Technological trends in the automotive industry toward a software-defined and autonomous vehicle require a reassessment of today’s vehicle development process.The validation process soaringly shapes after starting with hardware-in-the-loop testing of control units and reproducing real-world maneuvers and physical interaction chains.Here,the road-to-rig approach offers a vast potential to reduce validation time and costs significantly.The present research study investigates the maneuver reproduction of drivability phenomena at a powertrain test bed.Although drivability phenomena occur in the frequency range of most up to 30∙Hz,the design and characteristics substantially impact the test setup’s validity.By utilization of modal analysis,the influence of the test bed on the mechanical characteristic is shown.Furthermore,the sensitivity of the natural modes of each component,from either specimen or test bed site,is determined.In contrast,the uncertainty of the deployed measurement equipment also affects the validity.Instead of an accuracy class indication,we apply the ISO/IEC Guide 98 to the measurement equipment and the test bed setup to increase the fidelity of the validation task.In conclusion,the present paper contributes to a traceable validity determination of the road-to-rig approach by providing objective metrics and methods.

Mechanical anisotropy associated with beddings in shale under Brazilian test conditions:Insights from acoustic emission statistics

A comprehensive understanding of shale’s bedding anisotropy is crucial for shale-related engineering activities,such as hydraulic fracturing,drilling and underground excavation.In this study,seven Brazilian tests were conducted on shale samples at different bedding orientations with respect to the loading direction(0°,45°and 90°)and the disc end face(0°,45°and 90°).An acoustic emission(AE)system was employed to capture the evolution of damage and the temporal-spatial distribution of microcracks under splitting-tensile stress.The results show that the Brazilian tensile strength decreases with increasing bedding inclination with respect to the disc end face,while it increases with the angle between bedding and loading directions.Increasing the bedding inclination with respect to the end face facilitates the reduction in b value and enhances the shale’s resistance to microcrack growth during the loading process.Misalignment between the bedding orientation and the end face suppresses the growth of mixed tensile-shear microcracks,while reducing the bedding angle relative to the loading direction is beneficial for creating mixed tensile-shear and tensile cracks.The observed microscopic failure characteristics are attributed to the competing effects of bedding activation and breakage of shale matrix at different bedding inclinations.The temporal-spatial distribution of microcracks,characterized by AE statistics including the correlation dimension and spatial correlation length,illustrates that the fractal evolution of microcracks is independent of bedding anisotropy,whereas the spatial distribution shows a stronger correlation.The evolution features of correlation dimension and spatial correlation length could be potentially used as precursors for shale splitting failure.These findings may be useful for predicting rock mass instability and analyzing the causes of catastrophic rupture.

Stability of bedded rock slopes subjected to hydro-fluctuation and associated strength deterioration

Reservoir-induced earthquakes(RIEs)occur frequently in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)and the rock mass strength of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HFB)deteriorates severely due to the reservoirinduced seismic loads.Three models of typical bedded rock slopes(BRSs),i.e.gently(GIS),moderately(MIS),and steeply(SIS)inclined slopes,were proposed according to field investigations.The dynamic response mechanism and stability of the BRSs,affected by the rock mass deterioration of the HFB,were investigated by the shaking table test and the universal distinct element code(UDEC)simulation.Specifically,the amplification coefficient of the peak ground acceleration(PGA)of the slope was gradually attenuated under multiple seismic loads,and the acceleration response showed obvious“surface effect”and“elevation effect”in the horizontal and vertical directions,respectively.The“S-type”cubic function and“steep-rise type”exponential function were used to characterize the cumulative damage evolution of the slope caused by microseismic waves(low seismic waves)and high seismic waves,respectively.According to the dynamic responses of the acceleration,cumulative displacement,rock pressure,pore water pressure,damping ratio,natural frequency,stability coefficient,and sliding velocity of the slope,the typical evolution processes of the dynamic cumulative damage and instability failure of the slope were generalized,and the numerical and experimental results were compared.Considering the dynamic effects of the slope height(SH),slope angle(SA),bedding plane thickness(BPT),dip angle of the bedding plane(DABP),dynamic load amplitude(DLA),dynamic load frequency(DLF),height of water level of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HWLHFB),degradation range of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DRHFB),and degradation shape of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DSHFB),the sensitivity of factors influencing the slope dynamic stability using the orthogonal analysis method(OAM)was DLA>DRHFB>SA>SH>DLF>HWLHFB>DSHFB>DABP>BPT.

BED混合燃料稳定性及对高原地区发动机性能影响的研究

为研究生物柴油-乙醇-柴油(简称BED)混合燃料对高原地区发动机的性能影响,在不同环境下进行了BED混合燃料的相溶性和稳定性测试的基础上,在高原环境下进行了高压共轨柴油机燃用纯柴油和6组不同比例BED混合燃料的台架试验。结果表明,生物柴油、乙醇和柴油可在一定温度范围内按照不同比例配制成稳定的混合燃料,但其稳定性随温度降低而变差。当喷入气缸内燃料体积不变时,与燃用纯柴油相比,燃用BED混合燃料发动机的动力性下降;经济性有所改善,高速时改善效果更为明显;碳烟排放下降,高负荷时比低负荷时下降幅度更大。BED混合燃料的最佳喷油提前角随生物柴油比例的增加而减小,随乙醇比例的增加而增大。

I MWth Test Facilities for Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion

This paper presents the technical parameters and features of 1 MWth test facilities for circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) at Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) of State Power Corporation (SP), introduces the test items that can be proceeded and trial combustion projects completed. The development status of CFBC technologies abroad and the level of China in this field are also introduced in the paper.

基于变异测试的RESTful Web服务测试数据优化生成方法

为提升基于REST的Web服务系统测试数据生成效率及可用性,提出了一种基于变异测试的测试数据优化生成方法.将RESTful Web服务对应的Web应用描述语言(WADL)增加数据类型约束,并利用该约束生成初始测试数据.对约束关系进行变异生成变异体,在消除等价变异体并利用聚类实现变异体集约简的基础上,结合贪心算法优化筛选初始测试数据,生成无冗余的RESTful Web服务可用测试数据集.基于Hadoop平台技术,实现了针对RESTful Web服务系统测试数据自动生成的支撑软件.测试执行结果表明,在有效保证测试数据可用且无冗余的基础上,极大缩减了测试数据集规模和测试数据生成时间,完成了针对RESTful Web服务系统的自动化测试数据优化生成,提升了测试生成效率.

ISOLATION DESIGN AND SIMULATIONAL EXPERIMENT OF NANOMETER MICRO MOVEMENT TEST-BED

The relation of mass, stiffness and rate of damping is obtained by using the mechanical analysis of the obstructive vibration system of two dimensions for the design of the obstructive vibration system of more freedom and the micro vibration test bed. The result of stimulational experiment indicates that the isolation of vibration of this system is satisfactory. The design method of vibration can be used as the reference to ultra precision machine tool, super micro orientation machanism and so on.

BED-CEIA与PA-LS检测HIV-1近期感染的比较性研究

目的为在云南省或国内开展BED-CEIA(BED捕获酶联免疫法)和PA-LS(微量明胶颗粒凝集HIV-1近期感染检测方法)来区分HIV-1近期感染的研究和应用提供经验。方法应用BED-CEIA和PA-LS分别检测261份确认为HIV阳性感染的血清。结果BED-CEIA方法的近期感染检出率是12.6%;PA-LS方法是7.7%。经χ2检验,两种实验方法检测HIV近期感染无显著性差异。结论BED-CEIA和PA-LS两种实验方法检测HIV近期感染无显著性差异,但在区分HIV近期感染的一致性方面较低,而区分HIV长期感染的一致性方面很高,其原因有待进一步研究。

基于RobotFramework的RESTful WebAPI自动化测试框架设计与研究

随着互联网时代的不断发展,软件开发模式也在发生着变革,前后端分离越来越明显,支持前后端分离的关键环节是WebAPI技术的广泛使用。在WebAPI开发中,RESTful风格的JSON格式轻量级接口模式以其简单实用等的特点,更受开发者青睐。因而针对此类接口的测试自动化就显得尤为重要,基于这一原因,本文主要介绍了一个应用于RESTful WebAPI的自动化测试框架的设计与实现。

基于AHP/QFD的灌木链锯切割试验台设计研究

灌木具有丰富的生态和经济价值,链锯在切割灌木过程中由于技术特性和零部件结构的不合理,容易导致切割断口出现撕裂、毛刺、灼伤等不良现象。通过电话、实地访问、问卷等调查形式,收集并综合分析了用户需求和灌木切割产品的发展现状。在此基础上,通过模拟真实野外环境对灌木进行切割,获得可靠数据,并通过AHP法确定用户需求权重,再运用QFD法确定质量特性设计需求权重,最终得到产品设计重点,通过权重排序、等级划分,设计出一款满足用户需求的灌木链锯切割试验台。

穴位电刺激对人体24 h头低位卧床脑电功率谱密度的影响

目的观察24 h头低位卧床模拟失重期间脑电图(EEG)变化特点及穴位电刺激干预效果。方法将22名志愿者随机分为电针组和对照组,每组11人。对照组头低位卧床24 h,电针组头低位卧床24 h后刺激双侧内关穴30 min。分析比较卧床前后两组受试者静息态EEG信号功率谱密度(PSD)变化及心境状态变化。结果与卧床前相比,头低位卧床24 h后各脑区θ、α频带PSD普遍降低,右颞叶θ频带PSD及右中央区、右顶叶和左枕叶α频带PSD显著降低(P<0.05),卧床后心境状态量表(POMS)的疲劳、抑郁和愤怒评分及消极情绪纷乱总分显著升高(P<0.05),精力评分显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,电针组右额叶θ频带PSD显著降低(P<0.05),卧床后POMS抑郁评分有降低趋势。结论24 h头低位卧床模拟失重效应改变了静息时部分脑区的θ和α频带活动,同时更容易引起负面情绪的产生。电针刺激调节了右额叶θ频带的活动,对各脑区α频带活动可能存在正性调节作用,并在一定程度上减轻了头低位卧床引起的不良情绪的产生。

LDRA TestBed在CTCS2-200C扩展单元软件测试中的应用

介绍了LDRA Test Bed软件测试工具和CTCS2-200C扩展单元,以CTCS2-200C为例,通过对软件进行静态和动态测试,参照EN 50128:2011标准,提高了整个软件开发生命周期中的各项验证和确认活动效率,降低了软件的风险。