Effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with exercise intervention on the cognitive bias and coping styles of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common digestive system disease with a high incidence rate and is common in women.The cause of IBS remains unclear.Some studies have shown that mental and psychological diseases are independent risk factors for IBS.At present,the treatment of IBS is mainly symptomatic treatment.Clinically,doctors also use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve patients'cognitive ability to diseases and clinical symptoms.In recent years,exercise therapy has attracted more and more attention from scholars.Improving the symptoms of IBS patients through psychosomatic treatment strategy may be a good treatment method.AIM To explore the effects of an intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with exercise(CBT+E)on the cognitive bias and coping styles of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);and to provide a theoretical reference for the management of IBS.METHODS Sixty IBS-D patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected.The 60 IBS-D patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was treated with the CBT+E intervention,while the control group was treated with conventional drugs without any additional intervention.The cognitive bias and coping styles of the participants were evaluated at baseline and after 6 wk,12 wk and 24 wk using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale(DAS)and Pain Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ)instruments,and the intervention effect was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software.RESULTS At baseline,the scores on the various scales showed that all subjects had cognitive bias and adverse coping styles.The IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBSSSS)scores,ATQ total scores,DAS scores and CSQ scores of the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,after 6 wk of the CBT+E intervention,there were significant differences in the ATQ scores,the dependence and total scores on the DAS,and the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ(P<0.05).After 12 wk,there were significant differences in the scores for perfectionism on the DAS and in the scores for reinterpretation,neglect and pain behavior on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.05).After 24 wk,there were significant differences in the vulnerability,dependence,perfectionism,and total scores on the DAS and in the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.01).The IBS-SSS scores were negatively correlated with the ATQ and DAS total scores(P<0.05)but were positively correlated with the CSQ total score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intervention consisting of CBT+E can correct the cognitive bias of IBS-D patients and eliminate their adverse coping conditions.CBT+E should be promoted for IBS and psychosomatic diseases.

Progressive current degradation and breakdown behavior in GaN LEDs under high reverse bias stress

The progressive current degradation and breakdown behaviors of GaN-based light emitting diodes under high reversebias stress are studied by combining the electrical, optical, and surface morphology characterizations. The current features a typical “soft breakdown” behavior, which is linearly correlated to an increase of the accumulative number of electroluminescence spots. The time-to-failure for each failure site approximately obeys a Weibull distribution with slopes of about 0.67 and 4.09 at the infant and wear-out periods, respectively. After breakdown, visible craters can be observed at the device surface as a result of transient electrostatic discharge. By performing focused ion beam cuts coupled with scan electron microscope, we observed a local current shunt path in the surface layer, caused by the rapid microstructure deterioration due to significant current heating effect, consistent well with the optical beam induced resistance change observations.

Heterogeneous individuals’behavioral biases model and numerical simulation

A model of the relationships between individual cognitive biases and individual decision-making based on the analysis of cognitive biases of bonded rationality individual,has been established in this paper by introducing a set of new variables called overconfidence coefficient and attribution bias coefficient to the sentiment model. The irrational expectation and irrational risk aversion as two inseparable aspects of bonded rationality are expressed in an unified model,and a method of measuring individual cognitive biases is proposed,which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional normative models that can not describe the differences of behaviors among heterogeneous individuals. As a result,numerical simulations show that individual cognitive risk is a positive interaction with overconfidence coefficient,and a negative interaction with attribution bias coefficient.

Status Quo Bias-A Research on Its Applications and the Correlating Mechanism

After several former studies on the cognitive heuristics and correlating economical influences,the explanatory effectiveness of Status Quo Bias perspective is explained by multiple empirical scenarios.Hence,this essay will focus on three applications in which the Status Quo Bias perspective,correlating models,and research methods would provide insightful opinions.After reviewing the former attempts on the original model and early researchers’empirical examination on the Status Quo Bias,this essay will concentrate on Status Quo Bias and technology resistance among the public sector employees,Status Quo Bias and medical insurance outcomes,Status Quo Bias and shoppers’mobile website purchasing resistance respectively.For each application,research methodology will be explained and be integrated into the Status Quo Bias perspective through the research question.Through researching on these applications’methodology and main studies,discussing cognitive biases existing in the empirical scenarios,the present study could approach to the efficiency of the explanation from Status Quo Bias perspective.

The Intersection of Privacy by Design and Behavioral Economics: Nudging Users towards Privacy-Friendly Choices

This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.

Effect of substrate bias on microstructure and tribological performance of GLC films using hybrid HIPIMS technique

The Cr-doped hydrogen-GLC films were prepared by a hybrid magnetron sputtering system composed of a direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS) source of carbon and a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) source of Cr with reactive gas of C2H2.The hydrogen-free GLC and Cr-doped GLC films were also prepared for comparison.The influence of substrate bias on the Cr-doped hydrogen-GLC films was investigated.With the increase of substrate bias from 100 V to 250 V,the re-sputtering of weak bonding sp2 firstly occurred and induced an increased sp3 bonding.However,the following sp3 to sp2 transformation resulted in a decreased sp3 bonding.The change trends of surface roughness and friction coefficient with the increased bias voltages were the same as those of sp3 bond.The lowest surface roughness and lowest friction coefficient corresponded to the highest sp3 with the Cr-GLC-H films at the bias voltage of-100 V.

Misperception and pro-environmental behaviors of the Chinese public toward air pollution

This study analyzes the misperceptions of the Chinese public about air pollution levels and other potential predictors of participation in pro-environmental behaviors based on the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS).In this paper,misperception is defined as the difference between subjective perceptions of air pollution and measurements through objective monitoring.We find that pessimistic respondents are more likely to participate in pro-environmental behaviors.The media use and evaluation of the environmental performance of the local government significantly stimulate pro-environmental participation.The results reveal that knowledge and concern about the environment can mitigate the negative effect of optimistic bias on pro-environmental behaviors.In regions where environmental information is widely available,environmental pessimists are especially more likely to participate in such activities.This finding suggests that the government should provide not only accurate information about environmental pollution but also relevant education to enhance the environmental awareness of the public and stimulate pro-environmental participation.

基于G-SMOTE和Biased-SVM的内部威胁用户检测

针对目前内部威胁用户检测召回率低及数据类别不平衡的问题,提出一种基于Geometric SMOTE(G-SMOTE)和Biased-SVM的内部威胁用户检测方法.该方法对用户行为进行特征提取,利用G-SMOTE算法在每个威胁用户样本中心定义一个几何区域用于生成威胁用户样本,保证了训练集中的正常用户、威胁用户的类别平衡;使用Biased-SVM算法设置不同的惩罚因子影响类别权重,提高了模型对于威胁用户的关注.将该方法在CERT 4.2数据集上进行实验,与SMOTE-RF、SVM算法相比,召回率R分别提高了5.7%和25.1%,F_(1)值分别提高了2.1%和14%.结果表明,该方法明显提高了威胁用户检测的召回率,有效地改善了内部威胁用户检测中类别不平衡的问题.

Particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance in a Na_(2)SO_(4) circulating fluidized bed evaporator

The particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance are investigated to reveal the heat transfer enhancement and fouling prevention mechanism in a Na_(2)SO_(4) circulating fluidized bed evaporator.The particle collision signals are analyzed with standard deviation by varying the amount of added particles ε(1%–3%),circulation flow velocity u(0.37–1.78 m·s^(-1)),and heat flux q(7.29–12.14 kW·m^(-2)).The results show that the enhancement factor reach up to 14.6%by adding polytetrafluoroethylene particles at ε=3%,u=1.78 m·s^(-1),and q=7.29 kW·m^(-2).Both the standard deviation of the particle collision signal and enhancement factor increase with the increase in the amount of added particles.The standard deviation increases with the increase in circulation flow velocity;however,the enhancement factor initially decreases and then increases.The standard deviation slightly decreases with the increase in heat flux at low circulation flow velocity,but initially increases and then decreases at high circulation flow velocity.The enhancement factor decreases with the increase in heat flux.The enhancement factor in Na_(2)SO_(4) solution is superior to that in water at high amount of added particles.The empirical correlation for heat transfer is established,and the model results agree well with the experimental data.

The Influence of Social Desirability on Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia

Objective: It is in order to examine associations between social desirability (SD) and self-reports of abstinence among youths in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Youths of ages 15-24 (114 participants) were administered questionnaire to assess HIV knowledge and primary abstinence and a modified Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to assess SD bias. The relationships between SD groups (dichotomized into high and low) and abstinence by various characteristics were assessed by using Fisher’s exact p-values. Results: The odds of individuals reporting abstinence were 13.2 times greater in the high SD group compared to the low SD group (p-value 0.002) when adjusted for education, gender, age group, and HIV knowledge. The differences in abstinence between the high and low SD score groups were also examined for selected variables. Conclusions: Individuals who exhibited more SD bias were more likely to report primary abstinence. SD bias should be considered when conducting self-reported surveys to measure the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs.

Study on English teachers＇ bias towards students of different genders

More and more scholars and researchers at home and abroad have gradually realized that teachers, especially English teachers, hold different attitudes and carry out different behaviors towards students of different genders during the teaching. There are many factors affecting the teachers＇ prejudiced attitudes and behaviors, such as teachers＇ stereotype, differences between male and female students, gender role expectation, etc. Teachers＇ bias attitudes and behaviors affect students＇ studies and development. Solutions are put forward to decline the influence of the teachers＇ prejudice on students＇ study and development.

Developing an Innovative High-precision Approach to Predict Medium-term and Long-term Satellite Clock Bias

A new prediction method based on the nonlinear autoregressive model is proposed to improve the accuracy of medium-term and long-term predictions of Satellite Clock Bias(SCB).Forecast experiments for three time periods were implemented based on the precision SCB published on the International GNSS Server(IGS)server.The results show that the medium-term and long-term prediction accuracy of the proposed approach is significantly better compared to other traditional models,with the training time being much shorter than the wavelet neural network model.

An Empirical Test of Optimism Bias in Capital Budgeting Decisions

Behavioral finance is a field that is scrutinizing the adequacy of traditional financial theories using insights from the disciplines of psychology and sociology. Many studies within its realm test the stock market behaviors, and behavioral phenomena are still to be tested in the area of corporate finance. This study aims to contribute to the behavioral corporate finance literature by a research in one of the psychological phenomena affecting the decision makers＇ abilities to reach conclusions rationally. In this study, it is aimed to investigate one of the biases, namely, the optimism bias in corporate capital budgeting decisions. Optimism in decision making can be associated with estimating lower costs and higher revenues. Thus, by assessing the forecasts of decision makers, the existence of optimism in their decisions is tried to be seen. This study aims at contributing to the literature in that it is conducted in an emerging country like Turkey.

REVIEW Behavioral Operations Management: A Review of the Field

Behavioral operations management(BOM)is one of the new areas in operations management.In the past 12 years,the field has made huge progress and researchers have become interested in this new perspective to solving operational problems.BOM is now one of the major subfields of operations management.In this paper,we examine and categorize areas of BOM based on the mainstream literature.Key areas include behavioral issues in new product development and project management,quality management,production management,inventory management,service operations,and forecasting.Studies in each area are divided into three subcategories,including OM context,individual attributes,heuristics,and biases,and individual differences.In OM context category,feedback and reward,training,work monitoring,teamwork and group decision making,goal setting,task assignment,and flexibility are among the main topics.In individual attributes,heuristics,and biases category,sunk cost effect and escalation of commitment,endowment effect,overprecision bias,planning fallacy,pullto-center effect,anchoring and insufficient adjustment,and misperceptions of feedback are mainly discussed.In individual differences,analytic thinking and system thinking are mainly studied.New areas for research are suggested in each related section and are summarized in future directions and conclusion sections.In contexts such as new product development,project management,and inventory management,a shift to finding solution to performance improvement is beneficial instead of focusing on heuristics and biases and considering them as a deficiency in human decision making.Regarding individual differences category,a shift toward attributes other than cognitive abilities,such as global processing,creative thinking,and design thinking are recommended.

垄断分析考量消费者行为偏差的具体路径研究——基于行为经济学的视角

与新古典经济学完全理性假设不同,行为经济学视角下消费者具有有限理性、有限意志力和有限自利性,消费者会受到经营者竞争行为的影响而产生行为偏差。在数字经济背景下的市场竞争中,经营者有意利用普遍存在的消费者行为偏差实施搭售、“二选一”、自我优待等垄断行为和促成独占垄断结构。利用消费者行为偏差使得垄断行为更为隐蔽和难以解释,不利于充分保护消费者福利和维护市场公平竞争。传统反垄断执法中对行为违法性的分析建立在新古典经济学“完全理性人”的假设上,存在不适应数字经济背景和不利于保护消费者利益的局限性。理论层面,消费者行为偏差是经过研究证明的系统性理论,将其作为垄断分析的考量因素是补足传统反垄断执法局限性的有益之举;实践层面,引入消费者行为偏差来分析消费者客观行为与主观意识之联系、竞争效果,有其优势和独到之处,将其作为传统反垄断分析路径的辅助工具亦是可行之策。有鉴于此,将消费者行为偏差作为垄断分析的考量因素,有助于反垄断执法机构更好地分析经营者行为并认定其违法性。是故,建议在反垄断执法分析中引入行为经济学,考量消费者行为偏差对市场进入壁垒、行为违法性及反垄断救济措施的影响,并提出相关对策,以期实现反垄断法维护消费者福利之宗旨。

云南省农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为悖离研究

为缓解农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为的悖离,基于云南省437份农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为的问卷调研数据,构建二元Logit模型分析各变量对农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为悖离的原因及其影响因素,进一步利用ISM模型对影响因素的内在逻辑层次关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)农户对绿色农业生产的意愿普遍较高,但实际行为落后于意愿水平,悖离率高达43.5%。(2)绿色农业生产的意愿和行为是复杂的,其6个层面对农户绿色农业生产都起着至关重要的作用。(3)悖离影响因素的内在逻辑层次关系为:表层因素(农户绿色农业认知)直接驱动农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为发生悖离,受到中间层间接因素(农户农业生产、农户绿色农业认知、社会政策导向、风险感知与预测、教育宣传与培训)的影响,中间层间接因素受到深层根源因素(农户个人特征)的影响。建议进一步加强农业绿色化发展来促进农户绿色生产意愿转变为行为。

移动终端接入对涉农信息搜索行为偏误的影响研究

随着信息技术深度发展和终端设备成本持续下降,农村居民经历了从传统互联网到移动互联网的“直接过渡”,这一社会现象是加剧还是缓解了城乡数字鸿沟?本文从一个全新的视角参与讨论,考察移动终端接入如何影响涉农信息搜索的行为偏误。研究发现,移动终端接入会对涉农信息搜索行为偏误产生正负两种影响,且表现出一定的异质性规律:若是信息素养较弱的主体或信息密度较小的客体,影响为负;若是信息素养较强的主体或信息密度较大的客体,影响为正。进一步的机理研究还为利用城镇化、土地流转、教育培训等途径缓解数字鸿沟提供了新的证据。

Microstructure Evolution and Recrystallization Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Thick Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys:Influence of Pin Centerline Deviation

Four tools with different pin centerline deviations were fabricated to friction stir weld(FSW)thick plates of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys.The results show that,compared with the pin without pin centerline deviation,the applying of pin centerline deviation is favorable to improve the flowability of plastic material,enlarging the size of nugget zone,refining the grains and reprecipitated phase particles,enhancing the degrees of dynamic recrystallization and quantity of high angle grain boundaries owing to higher temperature and bigger eccentric force,resulting in the increase of strain hardening.Especially for the used pin with a centerline deviation of 0.2 mm,the highest average hardness and best metallurgical properties of thick FSW joints are produced,and which are consistent with the microstructure evolution and recrystallization behavior.Moreover,the fracture mode of the joints produced by the pins with centerline deviation from 0 mm to 0.3 mm changes gradually from a brittle fracture in the nugget zone(NZ)to a ductile failure in the HAZ.

稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿与行为悖离的研究

基于针对湖北省江汉平原稻农的调研数据,运用二元Logit模型分析稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿和行为悖离的影响因素,借助解释结构模型探究影响因素的层次结构,以促使更多农户采纳农业生产托管服务。就稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿与行为悖离的影响因素而言,稻农的感知费用水平、家庭务农人数、稻田块数对其有显著正向影响,稻农的感知经济利益、水稻种植规模、托管服务质量、服务信息获取便捷程度、对补贴政策的满意度对其有显著负向影响。就影响因素的层次结构而言,稻田块数、水稻种植规模、家庭务农人数是根源因素,对补贴政策的满意度、托管服务质量、服务信息获取便捷程度是间接因素,感知费用水平和感知经济利益是直接因素。在此基础上,提出强化稻农对生产托管服务的感知经济利益,降低其感知费用水平;对不同环节托管服务实施不同补贴标准,促进稻农购买薄弱、关键环节托管服务;建立农业生产托管服务信息平台、制定服务水平标准要求,营造良好的托管服务环境等建议。

框定依赖偏差下农户林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响因素分析——基于福建省福州市永泰县的调研数据

【目标/意义】探讨框定依赖偏差对农户林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响,并分析正负向框架下农户林业碳汇项目行为决策影响因素的差异性,以减少农户的非理性行为,并促进其更理性地参与林业碳汇项目。【方法/过程】以框定依赖偏差理论为基础,对2022年7月在永泰县乡村进行现场访谈及问卷调研所获得的409份样本数据,运用卡方检验法分析农户在正面和负面框架下的行为决策,并建立二元Logit模型,从农户的行为态度、主观规范及知觉行为控制3个方面,分析正面和负面框架对林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响差异。【结果/结论】卡方检验结果表明,面临正向框定的农户相较于面临负向框定的农户更倾向于参与林业碳汇项目。二元Logit模型结果表明,农户在考虑是否参与林业碳汇项目时,其对林业碳汇的态度、周围的人是否参与碳汇、是否参与碳汇培训、家庭总收入及农业劳动力等因素的影响效应均不同程度地受信息的不同呈现形式所干扰,仅宜林地面积的影响效应不受信息的不同呈现形式的干扰。基于研究结论提出倡导农户理性参与、积极态度与风险意识并重、通过培训抑制跟风行为、优化风险分担与收益分配机制、优化劳动力结构等5点建议。