Status Quo Bias-A Research on Its Applications and the Correlating Mechanism

After several former studies on the cognitive heuristics and correlating economical influences,the explanatory effectiveness of Status Quo Bias perspective is explained by multiple empirical scenarios.Hence,this essay will focus on three applications in which the Status Quo Bias perspective,correlating models,and research methods would provide insightful opinions.After reviewing the former attempts on the original model and early researchers’empirical examination on the Status Quo Bias,this essay will concentrate on Status Quo Bias and technology resistance among the public sector employees,Status Quo Bias and medical insurance outcomes,Status Quo Bias and shoppers’mobile website purchasing resistance respectively.For each application,research methodology will be explained and be integrated into the Status Quo Bias perspective through the research question.Through researching on these applications’methodology and main studies,discussing cognitive biases existing in the empirical scenarios,the present study could approach to the efficiency of the explanation from Status Quo Bias perspective.

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with exercise intervention on the cognitive bias and coping styles of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common digestive system disease with a high incidence rate and is common in women.The cause of IBS remains unclear.Some studies have shown that mental and psychological diseases are independent risk factors for IBS.At present,the treatment of IBS is mainly symptomatic treatment.Clinically,doctors also use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve patients'cognitive ability to diseases and clinical symptoms.In recent years,exercise therapy has attracted more and more attention from scholars.Improving the symptoms of IBS patients through psychosomatic treatment strategy may be a good treatment method.AIM To explore the effects of an intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with exercise(CBT+E)on the cognitive bias and coping styles of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);and to provide a theoretical reference for the management of IBS.METHODS Sixty IBS-D patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected.The 60 IBS-D patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was treated with the CBT+E intervention,while the control group was treated with conventional drugs without any additional intervention.The cognitive bias and coping styles of the participants were evaluated at baseline and after 6 wk,12 wk and 24 wk using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale(DAS)and Pain Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ)instruments,and the intervention effect was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software.RESULTS At baseline,the scores on the various scales showed that all subjects had cognitive bias and adverse coping styles.The IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBSSSS)scores,ATQ total scores,DAS scores and CSQ scores of the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,after 6 wk of the CBT+E intervention,there were significant differences in the ATQ scores,the dependence and total scores on the DAS,and the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ(P<0.05).After 12 wk,there were significant differences in the scores for perfectionism on the DAS and in the scores for reinterpretation,neglect and pain behavior on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.05).After 24 wk,there were significant differences in the vulnerability,dependence,perfectionism,and total scores on the DAS and in the catastrophization,distraction and prayer scores on the CSQ in the experimental group(P<0.01).The IBS-SSS scores were negatively correlated with the ATQ and DAS total scores(P<0.05)but were positively correlated with the CSQ total score(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intervention consisting of CBT+E can correct the cognitive bias of IBS-D patients and eliminate their adverse coping conditions.CBT+E should be promoted for IBS and psychosomatic diseases.

Progressive current degradation and breakdown behavior in GaN LEDs under high reverse bias stress

The progressive current degradation and breakdown behaviors of GaN-based light emitting diodes under high reversebias stress are studied by combining the electrical, optical, and surface morphology characterizations. The current features a typical “soft breakdown” behavior, which is linearly correlated to an increase of the accumulative number of electroluminescence spots. The time-to-failure for each failure site approximately obeys a Weibull distribution with slopes of about 0.67 and 4.09 at the infant and wear-out periods, respectively. After breakdown, visible craters can be observed at the device surface as a result of transient electrostatic discharge. By performing focused ion beam cuts coupled with scan electron microscope, we observed a local current shunt path in the surface layer, caused by the rapid microstructure deterioration due to significant current heating effect, consistent well with the optical beam induced resistance change observations.

Heterogeneous individuals’behavioral biases model and numerical simulation

A model of the relationships between individual cognitive biases and individual decision-making based on the analysis of cognitive biases of bonded rationality individual,has been established in this paper by introducing a set of new variables called overconfidence coefficient and attribution bias coefficient to the sentiment model. The irrational expectation and irrational risk aversion as two inseparable aspects of bonded rationality are expressed in an unified model,and a method of measuring individual cognitive biases is proposed,which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional normative models that can not describe the differences of behaviors among heterogeneous individuals. As a result,numerical simulations show that individual cognitive risk is a positive interaction with overconfidence coefficient,and a negative interaction with attribution bias coefficient.

Developing an Innovative High-precision Approach to Predict Medium-term and Long-term Satellite Clock Bias

A new prediction method based on the nonlinear autoregressive model is proposed to improve the accuracy of medium-term and long-term predictions of Satellite Clock Bias(SCB).Forecast experiments for three time periods were implemented based on the precision SCB published on the International GNSS Server(IGS)server.The results show that the medium-term and long-term prediction accuracy of the proposed approach is significantly better compared to other traditional models,with the training time being much shorter than the wavelet neural network model.

云南省农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为悖离研究

为缓解农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为的悖离,基于云南省437份农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为的问卷调研数据,构建二元Logit模型分析各变量对农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为悖离的原因及其影响因素,进一步利用ISM模型对影响因素的内在逻辑层次关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)农户对绿色农业生产的意愿普遍较高,但实际行为落后于意愿水平,悖离率高达43.5%。(2)绿色农业生产的意愿和行为是复杂的,其6个层面对农户绿色农业生产都起着至关重要的作用。(3)悖离影响因素的内在逻辑层次关系为:表层因素(农户绿色农业认知)直接驱动农户绿色农业生产意愿与行为发生悖离,受到中间层间接因素(农户农业生产、农户绿色农业认知、社会政策导向、风险感知与预测、教育宣传与培训)的影响,中间层间接因素受到深层根源因素(农户个人特征)的影响。建议进一步加强农业绿色化发展来促进农户绿色生产意愿转变为行为。

稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿与行为悖离的研究

基于针对湖北省江汉平原稻农的调研数据,运用二元Logit模型分析稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿和行为悖离的影响因素,借助解释结构模型探究影响因素的层次结构,以促使更多农户采纳农业生产托管服务。就稻农参与水稻生产托管意愿与行为悖离的影响因素而言,稻农的感知费用水平、家庭务农人数、稻田块数对其有显著正向影响,稻农的感知经济利益、水稻种植规模、托管服务质量、服务信息获取便捷程度、对补贴政策的满意度对其有显著负向影响。就影响因素的层次结构而言,稻田块数、水稻种植规模、家庭务农人数是根源因素,对补贴政策的满意度、托管服务质量、服务信息获取便捷程度是间接因素,感知费用水平和感知经济利益是直接因素。在此基础上,提出强化稻农对生产托管服务的感知经济利益,降低其感知费用水平;对不同环节托管服务实施不同补贴标准,促进稻农购买薄弱、关键环节托管服务;建立农业生产托管服务信息平台、制定服务水平标准要求,营造良好的托管服务环境等建议。

框定依赖偏差下农户林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响因素分析——基于福建省福州市永泰县的调研数据

【目标/意义】探讨框定依赖偏差对农户林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响,并分析正负向框架下农户林业碳汇项目行为决策影响因素的差异性,以减少农户的非理性行为,并促进其更理性地参与林业碳汇项目。【方法/过程】以框定依赖偏差理论为基础,对2022年7月在永泰县乡村进行现场访谈及问卷调研所获得的409份样本数据,运用卡方检验法分析农户在正面和负面框架下的行为决策,并建立二元Logit模型,从农户的行为态度、主观规范及知觉行为控制3个方面,分析正面和负面框架对林业碳汇项目行为决策的影响差异。【结果/结论】卡方检验结果表明,面临正向框定的农户相较于面临负向框定的农户更倾向于参与林业碳汇项目。二元Logit模型结果表明,农户在考虑是否参与林业碳汇项目时,其对林业碳汇的态度、周围的人是否参与碳汇、是否参与碳汇培训、家庭总收入及农业劳动力等因素的影响效应均不同程度地受信息的不同呈现形式所干扰,仅宜林地面积的影响效应不受信息的不同呈现形式的干扰。基于研究结论提出倡导农户理性参与、积极态度与风险意识并重、通过培训抑制跟风行为、优化风险分担与收益分配机制、优化劳动力结构等5点建议。

江西省农户农机社会化服务采纳意愿与行为偏差分析

基于江西省635份农户调查数据,运用Logistic回归模型分析农户农机社会化服务采纳意愿与行为的偏差问题。结果表明:农户农机社会化服务采纳意愿与行为存在一定的偏差,偏差为10.8%。此偏差主要受农户受教育年限、对农机社会化服务的了解程度、周边农户农机社会化服务的采纳情况、是否使用互联网、是否参加农业技能培训、水稻经营面积因素影响。其中,使用互联网和水稻经营面积增加会加深偏差程度,其他因素作用相反。该研究结论对普及农机社会化服务服务知识,更好地制定和完善农机社会化服务发展政策,促进农户农机社会化服务采纳意愿与行为的转化具有重要的借鉴意义。

消费主义视域下当代大学生的消费偏离及其引导路径

市场经济发展带来了物质财富与精神财富的空前繁荣,也使当代大学生的消费理念和消费方式发生了巨大变化。以消费主义思潮为主导的消费社会使当代大学生的消费发生了理念的价值偏离、行为的理性偏离和组成的结构偏离。以资本逻辑为主导的消费文化和以市场逐利为本质的商业技术以及教育的缺失是当代大学生消费偏离现象生成和蔓延的主要原因。因此,科学引导当代大学生的消费价值观,需要以社会为保障、以学校为主导、以家庭为基础,依托社会各方、依托教育教学、依托日常生活帮助大学生确立求实的消费动机,树立正确的消费理念,形成健康的消费行为。

农户农业生态环境保护意愿与行为悖离研究——以黄河流域甘肃段为例

基于兰州、白银、临夏回族自治州共501份调查数据,采用因子分析法测度各地区农业生态环境保护认知水平,运用有序Logistic模型探究农户资源禀赋、农业生态环境保护认知对农业生态环境保护意愿与行为悖离的影响。结果表明,各地区农业生态环境保护认知水平的综合排名依次为永靖、积石山、景泰、皋兰、靖远;家庭劳动力和政府保护认知对农户农业生态环境保护意愿与行为悖离产生正向显著影响,而技术人员指导和个人规范认知对农户农业生态环境保护意愿与行为悖离产生负向显著影响。

双参保守复混沌系统的构建及偏置增压控制

基于经典保守混沌系统的结构,构造了一个双参数保守混沌系统,能够产生复杂动力学现象。通过理论分析和多种数值仿真方法,研究了系统结构参数和外力参数对混沌性、保守性、平衡状态和稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着参数的变化,系统相体积保持守恒,呈现混沌、周期运动等现象,并证明了参数对平衡状态的影响。此外,通过虚实分离的方法构造了复系统,并研究了其动力学特性,发现实混沌系统所构造的复系统中,同样具有混沌性和保守性,且具有大参数范围混沌现象。设计了控制器,使系统产生偏置增压现象,并可对信号极性进行控制。最后,设计了系统电路并进行了仿真,结果与理论相符,证明了混沌系统的物理可行性。

论育龄女性生育意愿与行为的偏离及家庭生育支持的作用--以贵州省为例

结合2022年贵州省人口与家庭动态监测数据,从社会学视域分析贵州省育龄女性生育意愿与行为的偏离现状及家庭生育支持的作用。结果显示,贵州省育龄女性可获得各类家庭生育支持的所占比例均较低,经分析发现,经济支持、照料支持、父母及配偶精神支持等四类家庭生育支持均可促进贵州适龄女性生育意愿,使女性生育意愿大于行为。针对贵州省育龄女性,可加强家庭生育支持的干预,确保育龄女性生育意愿及行为的一致,以改善生育意愿低于生育行为的偏离状况。

Effect of substrate bias on microstructure and tribological performance of GLC films using hybrid HIPIMS technique

The Cr-doped hydrogen-GLC films were prepared by a hybrid magnetron sputtering system composed of a direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS) source of carbon and a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) source of Cr with reactive gas of C2H2.The hydrogen-free GLC and Cr-doped GLC films were also prepared for comparison.The influence of substrate bias on the Cr-doped hydrogen-GLC films was investigated.With the increase of substrate bias from 100 V to 250 V,the re-sputtering of weak bonding sp2 firstly occurred and induced an increased sp3 bonding.However,the following sp3 to sp2 transformation resulted in a decreased sp3 bonding.The change trends of surface roughness and friction coefficient with the increased bias voltages were the same as those of sp3 bond.The lowest surface roughness and lowest friction coefficient corresponded to the highest sp3 with the Cr-GLC-H films at the bias voltage of-100 V.

Misperception and pro-environmental behaviors of the Chinese public toward air pollution

This study analyzes the misperceptions of the Chinese public about air pollution levels and other potential predictors of participation in pro-environmental behaviors based on the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS).In this paper,misperception is defined as the difference between subjective perceptions of air pollution and measurements through objective monitoring.We find that pessimistic respondents are more likely to participate in pro-environmental behaviors.The media use and evaluation of the environmental performance of the local government significantly stimulate pro-environmental participation.The results reveal that knowledge and concern about the environment can mitigate the negative effect of optimistic bias on pro-environmental behaviors.In regions where environmental information is widely available,environmental pessimists are especially more likely to participate in such activities.This finding suggests that the government should provide not only accurate information about environmental pollution but also relevant education to enhance the environmental awareness of the public and stimulate pro-environmental participation.

基于G-SMOTE和Biased-SVM的内部威胁用户检测

针对目前内部威胁用户检测召回率低及数据类别不平衡的问题,提出一种基于Geometric SMOTE(G-SMOTE)和Biased-SVM的内部威胁用户检测方法.该方法对用户行为进行特征提取,利用G-SMOTE算法在每个威胁用户样本中心定义一个几何区域用于生成威胁用户样本,保证了训练集中的正常用户、威胁用户的类别平衡;使用Biased-SVM算法设置不同的惩罚因子影响类别权重,提高了模型对于威胁用户的关注.将该方法在CERT 4.2数据集上进行实验,与SMOTE-RF、SVM算法相比,召回率R分别提高了5.7%和25.1%,F_(1)值分别提高了2.1%和14%.结果表明,该方法明显提高了威胁用户检测的召回率,有效地改善了内部威胁用户检测中类别不平衡的问题.

Particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance in a Na_(2)SO_(4) circulating fluidized bed evaporator

The particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance are investigated to reveal the heat transfer enhancement and fouling prevention mechanism in a Na_(2)SO_(4) circulating fluidized bed evaporator.The particle collision signals are analyzed with standard deviation by varying the amount of added particles ε(1%–3%),circulation flow velocity u(0.37–1.78 m·s^(-1)),and heat flux q(7.29–12.14 kW·m^(-2)).The results show that the enhancement factor reach up to 14.6%by adding polytetrafluoroethylene particles at ε=3%,u=1.78 m·s^(-1),and q=7.29 kW·m^(-2).Both the standard deviation of the particle collision signal and enhancement factor increase with the increase in the amount of added particles.The standard deviation increases with the increase in circulation flow velocity;however,the enhancement factor initially decreases and then increases.The standard deviation slightly decreases with the increase in heat flux at low circulation flow velocity,but initially increases and then decreases at high circulation flow velocity.The enhancement factor decreases with the increase in heat flux.The enhancement factor in Na_(2)SO_(4) solution is superior to that in water at high amount of added particles.The empirical correlation for heat transfer is established,and the model results agree well with the experimental data.

The Influence of Social Desirability on Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia

Objective: It is in order to examine associations between social desirability (SD) and self-reports of abstinence among youths in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Youths of ages 15-24 (114 participants) were administered questionnaire to assess HIV knowledge and primary abstinence and a modified Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to assess SD bias. The relationships between SD groups (dichotomized into high and low) and abstinence by various characteristics were assessed by using Fisher’s exact p-values. Results: The odds of individuals reporting abstinence were 13.2 times greater in the high SD group compared to the low SD group (p-value 0.002) when adjusted for education, gender, age group, and HIV knowledge. The differences in abstinence between the high and low SD score groups were also examined for selected variables. Conclusions: Individuals who exhibited more SD bias were more likely to report primary abstinence. SD bias should be considered when conducting self-reported surveys to measure the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs.

REVIEW Behavioral Operations Management: A Review of the Field

Behavioral operations management(BOM)is one of the new areas in operations management.In the past 12 years,the field has made huge progress and researchers have become interested in this new perspective to solving operational problems.BOM is now one of the major subfields of operations management.In this paper,we examine and categorize areas of BOM based on the mainstream literature.Key areas include behavioral issues in new product development and project management,quality management,production management,inventory management,service operations,and forecasting.Studies in each area are divided into three subcategories,including OM context,individual attributes,heuristics,and biases,and individual differences.In OM context category,feedback and reward,training,work monitoring,teamwork and group decision making,goal setting,task assignment,and flexibility are among the main topics.In individual attributes,heuristics,and biases category,sunk cost effect and escalation of commitment,endowment effect,overprecision bias,planning fallacy,pullto-center effect,anchoring and insufficient adjustment,and misperceptions of feedback are mainly discussed.In individual differences,analytic thinking and system thinking are mainly studied.New areas for research are suggested in each related section and are summarized in future directions and conclusion sections.In contexts such as new product development,project management,and inventory management,a shift to finding solution to performance improvement is beneficial instead of focusing on heuristics and biases and considering them as a deficiency in human decision making.Regarding individual differences category,a shift toward attributes other than cognitive abilities,such as global processing,creative thinking,and design thinking are recommended.

引向深度学习的课堂理答及其实践策略

课堂理答是教师通过对学生回答问题后的针对性回应以达成教学目标的重要手段,是将学生学习引向深入的重要抓手。在实际教学中,部分教师的课堂理答停留于正误判断性回应,较少从知识迁移运用、思维训练提升、学习情绪情感的激励投入等层面进行引导,这与将学生引向深度学习的目标存在一定落差。以课堂理答将学生引向深度学习的实践落地,需要教师积极倾听学生的表达和养成将学生引向深度学习的理答意识,搭建三步递进的认知脚手架引导学生进行知识的迁移运用,创设平等包容的应答氛围引导学生运用批判性思维多角度地思考问题,洞察学生在学习中的情感体验以激发学生学习投入的情感能量。