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Energy consumption simulations of rural residential buildings considering differences in energy use behavior among family members
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作者 Xi Luo Lina Du 《Building Simulation》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第8期1335-1358,共24页
The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family members.Based on a field su... The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family members.Based on a field survey on the Central Shaanxi Plain,to identify the energy use behavior patterns of typical families,a stochastic energy use behavior model considering differences in energy use behavior among family members was proposed,to improve the accuracy of energy consumption simulations of residential buildings.The results indicated that the surveyed rural families could be classified into the following four types depending on specific energy use behavior patterns:families of one elderly couple,families of one middle-aged couple,families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.Moreover,on typical summer days,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 25.39%and 28%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study for families of one elderly couple and families of one middle-aged couple,and 13.05%and 23.05%higher for families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.On typical winter days,for the four types of families,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 21.69%,10.84%,1.21%,and 8.39%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 typical energy use behavior pattern differences in occupant behavior building energy consumption simulation stochastic energy use behavior simulation
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DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR LANDING-GEAR WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DUAL-CHAMBER SHOCK-STRUTS 被引量:10
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作者 Nie Hong Qiao Xin +1 位作者 Gao Zejun Zhou Lanqin 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1991年第2期235-244,共10页
In this paper three types of dual- chamber shock- struts are considered in dynamic analyses of landing-gear behavior during impact and taxi. Their dynamic characteristics are compared with each other according to calc... In this paper three types of dual- chamber shock- struts are considered in dynamic analyses of landing-gear behavior during impact and taxi. Their dynamic characteristics are compared with each other according to calculation results, and some conclusions are presented.It is very helpful for selecting a suitable type of dual-chamber shock-strut in landing-gear design. 展开更多
关键词 DYNAMIC behavior ANALYSIS FOR LANDING-GEAR WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DUAL-CHAMBER SHOCK-STRUTS
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Scaling dependence of memory windows and different carrier charging behaviors in Si nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices
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作者 于杰 陈坤基 +5 位作者 马忠元 张鑫鑫 江小帆 吴仰晴 黄信凡 Shunri Oda 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第9期518-522,共5页
Based on the charge storage mode,it is important to investigate the scaling dependence of memory performance in silicon nanocrystal(Si-NC) nonvolatile memory(NVM) devices for its scaling down limit.In this work,we... Based on the charge storage mode,it is important to investigate the scaling dependence of memory performance in silicon nanocrystal(Si-NC) nonvolatile memory(NVM) devices for its scaling down limit.In this work,we made eight kinds of test key cells with different gate widths and lengths by 0.13-μm node complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) technology.It is found that the memory windows of eight kinds of test key cells are almost the same of about1.64 V @ ±7 V/1 ms,which are independent of the gate area,but mainly determined by the average size(12 nm) and areal density(1.8×10^(11)/cm^2) of Si-NCs.The program/erase(P/E) speed characteristics are almost independent of gate widths and lengths.However,the erase speed is faster than the program speed of test key cells,which is due to the different charging behaviors between electrons and holes during the operation processes.Furthermore,the data retention characteristic is also independent of the gate area.Our findings are useful for further scaling down of Si-NC NVM devices to improve the performance and on-chip integration. 展开更多
关键词 silicon nanocrystals nonvolatile memory scaling dependence different charging behaviors
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Effects on the Behavior and Neuroimmunity of Pulsed Microwaves with Different Peak Densities
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作者 YANG Zhen Zhong WU Da Wei +2 位作者 MA Hong Bo FEI Jin Xue ZHAO Ya Li 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第12期893-897,共5页
Pulsed microwaves are widely used inradar,navigation, and communication. The average power density is low at narrow pulse widths or large pulse intervals,but pulsed microwaves at certain peak densities exert numerous ... Pulsed microwaves are widely used inradar,navigation, and communication. The average power density is low at narrow pulse widths or large pulse intervals,but pulsed microwaves at certain peak densities exert numerous biological effects, including 展开更多
关键词 Effects on the behavior and Neuroimmunity of Pulsed Microwaves with Different Peak Densities
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Elusive workers are more likely to differentiate into replacement reproductives than aggressive workers in a lower termite
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作者 Zhuang-Dong Bai Chong-Yang Shi +1 位作者 David Sillam-Dusses Rui-Wu Wang 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期332-338,共7页
One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically simila... One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict. 展开更多
关键词 consistent individual behavioral differences reproductive conflict reproductive differentiation Reticulitermes labralis TERMITE
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How Do Patients and Providers React to Different Incentives in the Chinese Multiple Health Security Systems? 被引量:2
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作者 Chun-Yu Zhang Hideki Hashimoto 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第5期632-637,共6页
Background:China has achieved universal health insurance coverage.This study examined how patients and hospitals react to the different designs of the plans and to monitoring of patients by the local authority in the... Background:China has achieved universal health insurance coverage.This study examined how patients and hospitals react to the different designs of the plans and to monitoring of patients by the local authority in the Chinese multiple health security schemes.Methods:The sample for analysis consisted of 1006 orthopedic inpatients who were admitted between January and December 2011 at a tertiary teaching hospital located in Beijing.We conducted general linear regression analyses to investigate whether medical expenditure and length of stay differed according to the different incentives.Results:Patients under plans with lower copayment rates consumed significantly more medication compared with those under plans with higher copayment rates.Under plans with an annual ceiling for insurance coverage,patients spent significantly more in the second half of the year than in the first half of the year.The length of stay was shorter among patients when there were government monitoring and a penalty to the hospital service provider.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the different designs and monitoring of the health security systems in China cause opportunistic behavior by patients and providers.Reformation is necessary to reduce those incentives,and improve equity and efficiency in healthcare use. 展开更多
关键词 Different behaviors Financial Incentives Government Monitoring Multiple Systems
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