Influence of paroxetine and cognitive/behavioral strategies in neurocardiogenic syncope and depression: a case report

OBJECTIVE: Neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) is a condition where the patient has a temporary loss of consciousness or feelings of weakness and fatigue. There are triggers such as prolonged sitting or standing, pain, and heavy exercise, but often episodes are random. Treatments are limited and the use of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have had mixed results, but a limited number of studies have suggested that paroxetine may be effective in improving the symptoms of NCS. METHODS: This is a single case report of a 20-year old female who was diagnosed with NCS by a tilt test and treated conservatively with increased fluid and salt intake, and counter-pressure maneuvers. She was given one dose of sertraline, but immediately experienced disturbing visual images. She presented at the Depression Center with moderate depressive symptoms and was started on paroxetine and given cognitive/behavioral strategies to manage the NCS. RESULTS: Since the patient had a negative experience with a prior SSRI, she was started on a low dose of paroxetine and omega-3 fatty acids. She also was given a detailed explanation of NCS and a number of cognitive/behavioral strategies such as deep breathing, progressive relaxation, imagery, and sleep. CONCLUSION: After 2-weeks of the multi-faceted treatment approach, she had a significant decrease in her depressive symptoms. After 6-months, the patient had no episodes of syncope and no depressive symptoms. She was able to stand for long periods and exercise without feelings of weakness and fatigue. A multimodal approach may offer the best treatment strategy to achieve full remission in patients with NCS.

The Influence of Social Desirability on Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia

Objective: It is in order to examine associations between social desirability (SD) and self-reports of abstinence among youths in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Youths of ages 15-24 (114 participants) were administered questionnaire to assess HIV knowledge and primary abstinence and a modified Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to assess SD bias. The relationships between SD groups (dichotomized into high and low) and abstinence by various characteristics were assessed by using Fisher’s exact p-values. Results: The odds of individuals reporting abstinence were 13.2 times greater in the high SD group compared to the low SD group (p-value 0.002) when adjusted for education, gender, age group, and HIV knowledge. The differences in abstinence between the high and low SD score groups were also examined for selected variables. Conclusions: Individuals who exhibited more SD bias were more likely to report primary abstinence. SD bias should be considered when conducting self-reported surveys to measure the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs.

Leadership Behaviors, Organizational Culture, and Incidents Reporting Practices as Perceived by Jordanian Nurses, Literature Review

Background: Safety of patients and their families is recognized as a priority for all healthcare organizations all over the world;therefore, exploring the variables that influence patient safety issues is paramount. Objective: This literature review is to detect the gab in the body of knowledge regarding issues of incidents reporting practices, leadership behaviors, and organizational culture especially in Jordanian context, as well as, to give reflection about the searched studies and to address the strength and weakness points of each study as well. The design of the current article was literature review of twenty five studies. Results: The current review revealed that most of the research studies were conducted in order to explore the perceptions of healthcare providers about patient safety issues, and clinical incidents reporting practices as well, however, there are few studies that were conducted in order to investigate the influence of leadership behaviors and organizational culture on incidents reporting practices as perceived by Jordanian hospitals’ registered nurses. Moreover, it seems that in Jordanian context, it is not fully understood the influence of leadership behaviors and organizational culture on incidents reporting practices as perceived by Jordanian hospitals’ registered nurses. Conclusion: It is imperative for researchers to fill the gap that existed in the body of knowledge regarding the variables of leadership behaviors, hospitals’ organizational culture and incidents reporting practices in order to enhance patient safety and safety practices in health care organizations. Relevance to clinical practice: Exploring the influence of leadership behaviors and organizational culture on incidents reporting practices among registered nurses in Jordan is highly recommended. Finally, the current review identifies the gap in the body of knowledge regarding the mentioned above variables.

竞技运动中的认知负荷评估

科学评估训练负荷是优化运动表现、预防运动伤害的关键。目前的研究主要关注的是机械和生理方面,对认知方面的关注明显不足。认知负荷在调节运动表现中的作用已得到广泛认可,但有关认知负荷的评估目前还存在诸多困难和障碍,缺乏适当的评估方法是造成这一现象的主因。笔者运用文献资料法、专家访谈法和逻辑分析法,对竞技运动中的认知负荷评估进行了探讨。研究结果显示:竞技运动中的认知负荷评估可以借助自我报告方法、行为测量方法和生理测量方法进行,但要提高评估的有效性,通常需要整合运用多种主观和客观的方法和技术。

基于代理报告式问卷的学龄前儿童身体活动测量工具研究及启示

基于代理报告式问卷的身体活动测量法是学龄前儿童身体活动测量的主要方法之一。本研究对学龄前儿童身体活动代理报告问卷进行述评,为从事学龄前儿童身体活动研究的学者们提供理论参考。首先,采用系统综述的方法对目前世界上常用的10种问卷进行特征凝练,并选取了三例问卷进行“案例介绍”;随后,汇编问卷应用选取决策指南,为学者们进行工具选取时提供方法论;最后,提出学龄前儿童身体活动测评启示。研究认为,在考虑身体活动研究的目的和可用资源的情况下,基于代理报告式问卷的学龄前儿童身体活动测量法的优势明显。未来学者们可以从继续扩大经典问卷的信效度研究、构建基于本国儿童情况的测量工具以及继续探索新型身体活动测量方法等方面开展相关的研究工作。

The Relationship between Problem Behavior and Neurotransmitter Deficiency in Adolescents

This study examined the association of problem behavior with neurotransmitter deficiency in adolescents,which would provide new insights into behavioral problems.A total of 1259 students of the seventh grade from 4 middle schools in Wuhan city located in the central China were recruited.With the approval of school and parents,they were invited to complete the Youth Self-Report (YSR) questionnaire and Symptom Scale of Neurotransmitter Deficiency (SSND) questionnaire.Pearson’s bivariate correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between each subscale of YSR and SSND ranged from 0.24 to 0.61 with all P【0.01.Canonical correlation analysis indicated that anxiety/depression was interrelated with insufficiency of GABA and 5-HT;aggressive behavior was associated with inadequate GABA;famine of DA influenced the attention problems.It was concluded that neurotransmitter deficiency may cause a series of behavioral and mental problems.

Perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior in two communities in the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project area in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

Objective:To compare perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior between two communities affected by the large Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR).Methods: Two different affected areas;Nakai plateaubeing remote,sparcely populated and mountainous,and Xe Bang Fai lowland plains,more densely populated and comparatively affluent were included.Data were obtained from two cross-sectional household-based health and socio-economic surveys.Results:We found pronounced differences in the frequency of self-reported fever,cough,headache and myalgia according to location.On the Nakai plateau,45.1%of the individuals with ill-health report(recall period;2 weeks) went to a local health volunteer compared to only 7.2%in the Xe Bang Fai area(P 【 0.001 ).In Nakai,there were disproportionately more illiterates seeking help from local health volunteers when compared to those who attended at least primary schooling(49.2%versus 17.5%,P 【0.01 ).Self-medication with antimalarials was more common in Xe Bang Fai than on Nakai(32.3%versus 7.0%,P 【 0.001).The mean amount of money spent per health consultation was US $ 1.7 in Nakai and US $ 7.2 in Xe Bang Fai.Conclusion:The observed differences in self-reported ill-health and health seeking behavior among these two Lao communities need to be considered when implementing setting-specific mitigation measures as part of the public health action plan of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project.

论事故调查报告批复的可诉性

自2018年以来,对事故调查报告批复提起的行政诉讼呈明显上升的态势。从最高人民法院和各高级人民法院公开的判例来看,多数判例认为事故调查报告批复在一定条件下具有可诉性,但此非定论。由于事故调查报告的形成以及各级人民政府对此作出批复的过程中,通常会涉及诸多环节、众多部门、各类主体,具有较强的专业性、综合性、政策性,关乎受害群众的抚慰、社会秩序的稳定以及诸多方面的评价等,是突发事件应急管理体制的重要组成部分,在当前和今后的社会生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用,因此,司法权的介入应当慎重,应当把握好审查的时机与限度等问题。内部行政行为外化、行政行为的成熟性以及过程性等理论对事故调查报告批复的可诉性均有一定的解释力,这些理论已经深刻影响了司法实践并导致了不同的裁判结果。最高法对于此类案件的可诉与否尚未统一意见。或许可以将行政复议前置作为处理此类案件的一种选择,如此,既能充分保障行政机关的首次判断权与自我监督权,又能关照到此类案件的特殊性与复杂性,切实维护各方的合法权益以及司法权作为最终救济手段的权威性,发挥行政复议化解行政争议的主渠道作用。

护士不良事件上报行为的影响机制研究

目的分析影响不良事件上报行为的因素及其作用机制,为制定针对性的干预策略提供科学依据。方法通过便利抽样法选取某公立医院392名护士为研究对象,采用不良事件知信行问卷、不良事件报告障碍量表等对其进行调查。构建结构方程模型并检验影响因素的中介效应。结果结构方程模型拟合较好,组织层面医院安全文化、培训正向影响上报行为,总效应值分别为0.295和0.206;报告障碍对上报行为产生负向影响,总效应值为-0.114,工作满意度正向调节上报态度对上报行为的影响;个人层面上报认知、态度正向影响上报行为,总效应值分别为0.287、0.565。结论医院安全文化、培训、工作满意度、上报认知及态度对护士不良事件上报行为具有重要促进作用;医院管理者宏观层面应完善制度建设,打造安全文化,加强社会支持水平,同时关注护士个人上报认知及态度情况,从根源上寻找解决方案。

家庭环境二手烟暴露对青少年情绪行为的影响

目的分析家庭环境二手烟暴露对青少年情绪行为的影响,为从家庭环境方面干预青少年情绪行为问题的发生发展提供理论支持。方法调查重庆市主城某区1002名青少年的家庭基本信息、家庭环境二手烟暴露、青少年自评量表(Youth Self-Report,YSR)等情况,使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析青少年家庭环境二手烟暴露与其情绪行为间的关系。结果48.2%的青少年存在家庭环境二手烟暴露问题。家庭环境二手烟暴露与未暴露的青少年整体情绪行为问题平均得分分别为(26.83±22.28)分和(23.61±20.33)分,整体情绪行为问题的检出率分别为12.2%和8.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,存在整体情绪行为问题的青少年中,家庭环境二手烟暴露的青少年多于未暴露的,OR值为1.838(95%CI:1.161~2.911);女性青少年多于男性,OR值为2.476(95%CI:1.546~3.964);年龄较大的青少年多于年龄较小的,OR值为1.440(95%CI:1.186~1.749);父亲在外地工作的青少年多于父亲没有在外地工作的,OR值为2.511(95%CI:1.271~4.959);自觉父母间关系一般和较差的青少年多于自觉父母间关系较好的,OR值分别为2.791(95%CI:1.643~4.743)和3.879(95%CI:1.607~9.367);且家庭环境二手烟暴露的青少年内化行为问题多于未暴露的青少年,OR值为1.568(95%CI:1.015~2.422)。结论本研究中约50%的青少年存在家庭环境二手烟暴露问题,家庭环境二手烟暴露是影响青少年内化行为问题和整体情绪行为问题的重要因素。

日常行为报告卡改善发展性障碍儿童课堂挑战性行为的研究

系统回顾使用日常行为报告卡对发展性障碍儿童课堂挑战性行为进行干预的核心研究,从日常行为报告卡的理论基础、实施过程与注意事项、实证研究支持三个方面进行述评、反思与展望,发现日常行为报告卡是一种有效的干预工具,可用于解决儿童的行为问题,促进积极行为的发展,能为发展性障碍儿童课堂挑战性行为干预研究提供启示和借鉴。

个税免征额调整对家庭收支行为的影响——来自2011年个人所得税改革的证据

本文基于城镇住户调查(UHS)2010—2012年家庭收支月度信息,利用收入组群的纳税差异,分析个税免征额调整对居民家庭收支行为的影响。结果显示,个税免征额调整显著提高了受个税改革影响家庭月均自报可支配收入8.3%—10.1%,其中工资收入增长10.1%—11.2%;同时增加了消费性支出2.5%—3.2%,其中食品支出和服务支出分别增长3.2%—4.3%和3.1%—4.9%。自报收入增幅远远高于消费增幅的原因可能是改革前家庭低报收入,而改革后家庭低报收入的程度有所降低。从收入组群和家庭支出负担异质性来看,减税会显著增加中低收入家庭的消费支出,增加有债务支出和有子女教育支出家庭的总消费和食品消费。本文还发现,家庭工资集中指数越高,个税改革的减税效果越小。

云南省医师自报慢性病患病情况及影响因素研究

[目的]了解医师慢性病及其影响因素,为医师预防慢性病、提高健康水平提供参考依据。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2022年2-3月抽取云南省6个州(市)6家医疗机构的912名医师作为研究对象,使用自填式问卷进行调查。[结果]在912名医师中,自报高血压、糖尿病、慢性咽喉炎、胃肠炎、高脂血症、椎间盘疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病患病率分别为:7.6%、1.5%、11.5%、9.1%、7.7%、7.2%和2.5%。不良行为因素分析结果显示:27.6%的医师超重,6.0%的医师肥胖,20.3%的医师吸烟,38.2%的医师饮酒,45.1%的医师缺乏体育锻炼,16.1%的医师不吃或很少吃早餐,32.4%的医师睡眠非常差或比较差。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄40岁以上(OR=2.107)、中级职称(OR=1.468)、职业压力较大或非常大(OR=1.838)、睡眠质量较差(OR=1.741)、不吃或很少吃早餐(OR=1.083)、超重或肥胖(OR=1.536)是本地区医师慢性病的主要影响因素。[结论]云南省医师自报常见慢性病患病率不低,其中高血压、糖尿病患病率低于全国平均水平,但慢性咽喉炎、椎间盘疾病、胃肠炎患病率、慢阻肺病患病率高于全国平均水平。慢性病不良行为因素在医师群体中普遍存在,有必要对主要影响因素进行加强干预。

护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向及影响因素研究

目的了解护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向,并分析影响因素,为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表、中文版计划行为理论-用药安全问卷调查来自9所医学院校的1173名护理本科实习生。结果护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向,行为态度,主观规范和感知行为控制得分分别为5.23±0.92,5.01±0.58,4.98±0.63和4.78±0.73。单因素分析结果显示,用药安全相关知识学习/实践经历,行为态度,主观规范,感知行为控制与报告用药错误行为意向相关(均P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,行为态度是影响护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向的主要因素(调整R 2=0.335,P<0.05)。结论护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向积极正向,且行为态度越积极者其报告用药错误行为意向越强烈。护理教育者需发展实习护生报告用药错误的积极态度,促进其形成积极的报告行为意向。

辩证行为治疗团体技能训练应用于神经性贪食症患者的案例报告

辨证行为治疗是一种有效的心理治疗方法,包括个体、团体等多种形式。该文呈现了一名神经性贪食症患者在辩证行为治疗框架下,参与了6个阶段共12次团体技能训练。通过正念、情绪调节、痛苦忍受和人际沟通四大核心技能训练,该患者学会了更好地认识自我、调节情绪、承受生活中不可避免的痛苦以及建立良好的人际关系,从而改善了适应不良的行为。治疗结束后,患者在进食相关症状、焦虑和抑郁情绪方面均有明显改善,治疗师和患者均对治疗效果评价较好。研究提示了辩证行为治疗在改善神经性贪食症方面的潜力,并为后续采用该方法治疗其他精神障碍提供了借鉴。

基于流形学习降维的缺陷动态特征分类算法

开源软件缺陷报告分类过程中,缺陷报告数据维度不统一会直接降低后续报告的分类精度,为此提出基于行为路径树的开源软件缺陷报告分类算法。使用流形学习降维算法对开源软件缺陷报告数据实施降维处理,有效去除噪声数据,初步提升后续报告分类的分类精度;使用行为路径树对降维报告数据实施缺陷动态特征提取,进一步强化分类精度;根据随机森林原理建立开源软件缺陷报告分类模型,完成开源软件缺陷报告的精准分类。实验结果表明,使用上述方法开展缺陷报告分类时,分类精度高、效果好。

译者行为批评视域下基于语料库的文本特征研究

在一个国家的重大书面文件中,《政府工作报告》在很多方面起到了关键作用。世界各国通过本国的政府工作报告来了解中国的国情,主要体现在政治、经济和外交等方面。该文以我国近五年(2018-2022)《政府工作报告》为语料,以周领顺的“译者行为批评”理论为依据,利用Antconc、Wordsmith等软件分析文本话语,探讨国家形象。研究结果表明,具体分析政府工作报告中的英译研究,更有利于展现良好的国家形象,进而优化翻译策略。

Achenbach青少年自评量表在北京市中学生中的测查结果分析

目的:探讨青少年各类行为问题与其影响因素之间的内在关系及其意义。方法:采用青少年自评量表(YSR),对北京市6所中学1410名12～18岁青少年进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果:检测出可能有行为问题的青少年共79名,行为问题的发生率为13.01%;其中,男女不同性别的发生率无显著性差异(χ2=0.834,P>0.05),但不同性别、年龄的被试在具体项目上的发生率有所不同。YSR总分与学生在校成绩呈负相关(r=-0.153,P<0.01)。能力量表中的社会性得分与分量表中焦虑抑郁、注意力问题、退缩、社会化问题呈负相关(r=-0.131～-0.253,P<0.01);而活动性得分与各分量表相关性较低。知识型家庭、一般家庭、工人家庭、失业家庭,青少年行为问题发生率分别为:8.13%、11.42%、13.21%、24.32%。106个条目与总分的Cronbachα系数为0.9462,分半信度系数为0.9143,说明YSR具有很好的内部一致性。结论:青少年行为问题受到性别、年龄、学习成绩、人际交往、家庭环境等因素的影响。

青少年自评量表与儿童行为量表相关性研究

目的 :探讨青少年自评量表 (YSR)与儿童行为量表 (CBCL)在青少年学生中的相关性。方法 :随机抽取 46 6名青少年为调查对象。采用YSR、CBCL、青少年生活事件量表 (ASLEC)和Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)作评估工具。结果 :YSR与CBCL、 10 3个相同问题Kappa值 =-0 0 0 1～ 0 2 18(P =0 975～ 0 0 0 0 )。男性YSR与CBCL 1个综合征相关 ,女性 7个综合征 ,内、外向因子和总分相关。初中生YSR和CBCL所有评分相关。核心家庭、孩子与父母关系都好、父亲高中文化程度YSR与CBCL多数评分相关。YSR所有评分、CBCL5个综合征、外向因子及总分与ASLEC总分相关。YSR、CBCL与BDI总分相关。结论 :男性、高中生、非核心家庭。