Developing the information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Based on information literacy and information-seeking behavior theories, expert advice and students' interview, items of undergraduates' informationseeking behavior indicators were selected. With the analysis of homogeneity reliability, item analysis and factor analysis, this study constructs an assessment system to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale.Findings: The information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has divided undergraduates' information-seeking behavior into seven dimensions, which include 46 items. The reliability analysis of Cronbach's α was 0.910, and the coefficient of split-half reliability was0.817. The results of factor analysis showed that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO) was 0.864,which indicates 55.536% of the total variation could be explained by the above seven dimensions.Research limitations: Due to a small sample size and limited sample distribution, further research need be conducted in an expanded sample size in order to explore the application scope of this evaluation system; in addition, the stability of the scale also need be confirmed.Practical implications: The paper sets up an information-seeking behavior evaluation system for undergraduates and explores the characteristics of their information-seeking behavior.This study provides guidance for the development of future information literacy education and the improvement of the information literacy level of undergraduates.Originality/value: An information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has been developed, which comprehensively covers information need, information source, information evaluation, information retrieval, information management, information utilization and information morality. The scale is proved to have good reliability, validity, popularity anddiscrimination that it is qualified to be an assessment tool of information-seeking behavior for Chinese undergraduates.

Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.

Efficacy of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale in Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders through a Combination of Developmental Surveillance

Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveillance.Methods All participants were evaluated by the CNBS-R2016 and Gesell Developmental Schedules(GDS).Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Kappa values were obtained.Taking GDS as a reference assessment,the performance of the CNBS-R2016 for detecting the developmental delays of children with ASD was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The efficacy of the CNBS-R2016 to screen for ASD was explored by comparing Communication Warning Behavior with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,Second Edition(ADOS-2).Results In total,150 children aged 12–42 months with ASD were enrolled.The developmental quotients of the CNBS-R2016 were correlated with those of the GDS(r=0.62–0.94).The CNBS-R2016 and GDS had good diagnostic agreement for developmental delays(Kappa=0.73–0.89),except for Fine Motor.There was a significant difference between the proportions of Fine Motor,delays detected by the CNBS-R2016 and GDS(86.0%vs.77.3%).With GDS as a standard,the areas under the ROC curves of the CNBS-R2016 were above 0.95 for all the domains except Fine Motor,which was 0.70.In addition,the positive rate of ASD was 100.0%and 93.5%when the cut-off points of 7 and 12 in the Communication Warning Behavior subscale were used,respectively.Conclusion The CNBS-R2016 performed well in developmental assessment and screening for children with ASD,especially by Communication Warning Behaviors subscale.Therefore,the CNBS-R2016 is worthy of clinical application in children with ASD in China.

食物饱腹感研究及其测试技术进展

饱腹感,即为进食后满足感和不再渴望进食的状态,在维护正常食欲、控制体质量、预防肥胖及改善代谢性疾病方面具有重要意义。文章系统分析影响饱腹感的多种因素,包括食物成分、感官特征、能量密度、心理因素及饮食行为等,并阐述这些因素对饱腹感的作用机制。同时,重点介绍模拟视觉量表、胃肠道激素检测及闪烁扫描等新兴技术在饱腹感测试中的应用,展示这些技术在评估饱腹感方面的科学性和有效性。此外,文章还讨论饱腹感及其测试技术的研究意义与未来展望,旨在为饱腹感相关机制的深入研究、饱腹感测试技术的创新以及高饱腹感食品的开发提供理论支持和实践参考。

基于改进YOLOv8的智慧工厂工人不规范行为检测

针对智慧工厂内工人不规范行为检测的挑战性问题,如实时性不足、精度低和复杂工厂环境引起的遮挡等,提出一种基于改进YOLOv8模型的工人不规范行为检测方法。该方法通过在YOLOv8主干网络中引入DSConv(dynamic snake convolution),提高模型对细节特征的捕获能力,进而提升网络整体特征提取能力。此外,将高效多尺度注意力(efficient multi-scale attention,EMA)机制嵌入主干网络中,减轻遮挡及背景干扰带来的影响,使得模型聚焦于与不规范行为相关的身体部位或动作。为进一步提升模型训练效率和回归精度,采用Alpha_GIoU(Alpha generalized intersection over union)损失函数优化YOLOv8模型的CIoU(complete intersection over union)损失函数部分,考虑目标框的长宽比和位置信息,加快模型的收敛速度。试验结果显示,改进YOLOv8实现94.98%的mAP@0.5,显著优于基线模型YOLOv8和其他主流方法,推理速度达到53.8FPS,满足智慧工厂内工人不规范行为检测高效率和高准确度的需求。

Do large-scale farmers use more pesticides? Empirical evidence from rice farmers in five Chinese provinces

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the rules of the differences in pesticide use behaviors between large-scale and small-scale farmers,so as to regulate the behavior of farmers differently and improve the quality and safety of rice.The overall pesticide use behavior of large-scale farmers was characterized by large doses and high application frequency,while that of small-scale farmers was characterized by small doses and low application frequency.The econometric test showed that(i)the proportion of staple food ration has a significant negative impact on the single dose exceeding the standard and pesticide application frequency of small-scale farmers,and the increase of the proportion of staple food ration will reduce the demand among small-scale farmers for pesticides;(ii)yield effect has a greater impact on the frequency of pesticide application by large-scale farmers,and the large yield effect will increase the frequency of pesticide application among large-scale farmers.Therefore,in pesticide use behaviors,large-scale farmers should reduce pesticide quantity and increase efficiency,while small-scale farmers improve the level of plant protection.

Kinetic evolutionary behavior of catalysis-select migration

We propose a catalysis-select migration driven evolution model of two-species（A-and B-species） aggregates,where one unit of species A migrates to species B under the catalysts of species C,while under the catalysts of species D the reaction will become one unit of species B migrating to species A.Meanwhile the catalyst aggregates of species C perform self-coagulation,as do the species D aggregates.We study this catalysis-select migration driven kinetic aggregation phenomena using the generalized Smoluchowski rate equation approach with C species catalysis-select migration rate kernel K（k;i,j） = Kkij and D species catalysis-select migration rate kernel J（k;i,j） = Jkij.The kinetic evolution behaviour is found to be dominated by the competition between the catalysis-select immigration and emigration,in which the competition is between JD0 and KC0（D0 and C0 are the initial numbers of the monomers of species D and C,respectively）.When JD0 KC0 〉 0,the aggregate size distribution of species A satisfies the conventional scaling form and that of species B satisfies a modified scaling form.And in the case of JD0 KC0 〈 0,species A and B exchange their aggregate size distributions as in the above JD0 KC0 〉 0 case.

Scaling behavior of nucleotide cluster in DNA sequences

In this paper we study the scaling behavior of nucleotide cluster in 11 chromosomes of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genome. The statistical distribution of nucleotide clusters for 11 chromosomes is characterized by the scaling behavior of P ( S ) ∝ e ?αS, where S represents nucleotide cluster size. The cluster-size distribution P(S1+S2) with the total size of sequential C-G cluster and A-T cluster S1+S2 were also studied. P(S1+S2) follows exponential decay. There does not exist the case of large C-G cluster following large A-T cluster or large A-T cluster following large C-G cluster. We also discuss the relatively random walk length function L(n) and the local compositional complexity of nucleotide sequences based on a new model. These investigations may provide some insight into nucleotide cluster of DNA sequence.

Fire behavior of mining vehicles in underground hard rock mines

The results from a number of investigations and fire experiments are presented and analyzed in order to characterize the fire behavior of mining vehicles in underground hard rock mines. The analysis also includes fire safety and fire protection measures with respect to the mining vehicle fire behavior.Earlier studies on fires in underground hard rock mines have shown that vehicles or mobile equipment are the dominant sources of fire. A better knowledge about the fire behavior of vehicles in underground hard rock mines is therefore needed. During the analysis the direction and flow rate of the ventilation in a drift was found to have a significant impact on the fire behavior, causing for example flame tilt with rapid fire spread. The shielded sections of a vehicle will be less affected by the ventilation flow resulting in for example a decreased flame spread. It was also found that spray fires may result in considerable heat release rate but are generally of shorter duration and will not make any significant contributions to the overall heat release rate of the fully developed vehicle fire. The fire duration of a loader tire from a full-scale fire experiment was found to be at least 200 min and will largely determine the total fire duration of the vehicle. A different scenario with different conditions with for example a slower flame spread resulted in an even longer fire duration. The radiative and convective fraction will be a key factor when determining the heat transfer mechanisms involved in a fire and will vary from material to material.Calculations show that the radiative fraction of the tire fires on two mining vehicles is significantly lower than found in earlier experiments. The design and construction of the mining vehicle will have an important impact on the fire behavior and could possibly mitigate the consequences of a fire and allow fire personnel to extinguish a fire that otherwise would have had a too high heat release rate.

Subthreshold behavior of AlInSb/InSb high electron mobility transistors

We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In Sb/In Sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） is taken into account to overcome the problems arising from the device scaling. The potential in the effective conducting path is developed and a simple scaling equation is derived. This equation is solved to obtain the minimum channel potential Φdeff,minand the new scaling factor α to model the subthreshold behavior of the HEMTs. The developed model minimizes the leakage current and improves the subthreshold swing degradation of the HEMTs. The results of the analytical model are verified by numerical simulation with a Sentaurus TCAD device simulator.

Oxidation behavior of single crystal TMS-82+ superalloy in air

The oxidation behavior of the single crystal Ni-based superalloy TMS-82+ was studied under cyclic condition at 900 and 1 000 ℃ for 200 h in air. The oxidation kinetics for the superalloy at both exposure temperatures was explained by the subparabolic relationship. The results show that increasing the exposure temperature from 900 to 1 000 ℃,the amounts of α-Al2O3,(Ni,Co)Al2O4 and NiCr2O4 increase,resulting in a higher mass gain. The oxides consist of(Ni,Co)O,CrTaO4,AlTaO4,Cr2O3,θ-,-α-Al2O3 and(Ni,Co)Al2O4 in the specimen at 900 ℃,but NiCr2O4 spinel forms for the specimen exposed at 1 000 ℃ except the above mentioned oxides. A continuous α-Al2O3 layer is responsible for a slow growth rate of the scale after an initial rapid oxidation of NiO.

Scaling dependence of memory windows and different carrier charging behaviors in Si nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices

Based on the charge storage mode,it is important to investigate the scaling dependence of memory performance in silicon nanocrystal（Si-NC） nonvolatile memory（NVM） devices for its scaling down limit.In this work,we made eight kinds of test key cells with different gate widths and lengths by 0.13-μm node complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） technology.It is found that the memory windows of eight kinds of test key cells are almost the same of about1.64 V @ ±7 V/1 ms,which are independent of the gate area,but mainly determined by the average size（12 nm） and areal density（1.8×10^（11）/cm^2） of Si-NCs.The program/erase（P/E） speed characteristics are almost independent of gate widths and lengths.However,the erase speed is faster than the program speed of test key cells,which is due to the different charging behaviors between electrons and holes during the operation processes.Furthermore,the data retention characteristic is also independent of the gate area.Our findings are useful for further scaling down of Si-NC NVM devices to improve the performance and on-chip integration.

大语言模型背景下土力学课程教学方法探讨——以交通工程方向研究生课程教学为例

基于开放式人工智能的大语言模型在提升知识获取效率方面表现出巨大潜力,同时也给传统的教学方法、学习及考核方式带来挑战。相较于本科生,研究生需要面向工程前沿,指向学术前沿,其培养目标更侧重于对知识的综合运用,培养方式也具有相对更高的开放性。综合以上两方面的发展需要,该文基于交通工程方向研究生的土力学课程教学实践,围绕新时代的育人和教育发展目标,探讨土力学课程教学的专业特色内容、教学方法、师生互动和围绕立德树人根本任务的举措。

Dynamic scaling behavior of iron nitride thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering and ion implantation

Under far from equilibrium conditions, the formation mechanism of solid can be studied in terms of the dynamic scaling theory. The roughness and dynamic scaling behavior of the Fe-N thin films were studied by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The results indicate that the roughness of the surface increases with increasing sputtering time during the course of magnetron sputtering, and the surface exhibits a fractal characteristic. While the Fe-N films prepared by compound technology—combining magnetron sputtering with plasma based ion implantation are not in agreement with the fractal theory.

APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES TO THE BENDING PROBLEMS FOR CIRCULAR THIN PLATE AT VERY LARGE DEFLECTION AND THE ASYMPTOTICS OF SOLUTIONS(Ⅱ)

This paper is a continuation of part (Ⅰ), on the asymptotics behaviors of the series solutions investigated in (Ⅰ). The remainder terms of the series solutions are estimated by the maximum norm.

Application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale to Grasp Autistic Characteristics of the Trainees with Intellectual Disabilities in Agricultural Vocational Training

The purpose of this study was to propose indicators for grasping autistic characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities who were going to engage in agricultural vocational training. We analyzed the data of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) of 44 students at the high school course of a special needs education school who participated in agricultural vocational training. The data were divided into two groups according to the scores of “General Impressions”, one of 15 question items of the CARS: one was the group whose score was 1 (usual), and the other was the group whose scores were 1.5 to 4 (unusual). The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between two groups in eight items including “Relating to People” (p Relating to People” with six other items. As a result, “Relating to People” was considered to be the most effective item to know the participant’s autistic characteristics at a very early stage of training. Eventually, adding two items, “Body Use” and “Imitation” which are necessary to master agricultural tasks, to “Relating to People”, we proposed three indicators.

Mill scale structure and damp heat corrosion performance of four 510L hot-rolled strips

In this study, the matrix structure, state and composition of the mill scales of four typical domestically made 510L hot-rolled strips were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscopy （OM） ,scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The corrosion behavior of the steels with and without mill scales were investigated by means of hot-humid corrosion tests under the condition of relative humidity （ RH ） of 95% at 50℃ and 70℃, respectively. The results show that the matrix structures, state, composition and thickness of mill scales vary in the strips. The rusting starting time of the specimens with scales is generally a bit longer than that of the specimens without scales, but their corrosion mass-gain is higher. For these two kinds of specimens ,their corrosion rate increases significantly with the increase of temperature. The rusting behavior of the 510L strips produced by various plants is different due to the variations of hot-rolling processes and designed chemical compositions. Various relevant aspects should be taken into account in the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of hot-rolled strips.

农业保险对农户种植业收入的影响研究——基于中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据的实证分析

基于2020年中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据,采用中介效应及门槛效应模型,实证考察农户购买农业保险对其自身种植业收入的影响。研究结果显示:第一,农业保险能够增加农户种植业收入,其增收效应通过种植规模的扩大得以实现,且在影响过程中存在遮掩效应。第二,农业保险的增收效应存在三重门槛,即农业保险、种植业规模与农户种植业收入之间存在非线性关系,当农户种植面积达到一定规模后,农业保险的增收效果显著提升。这有利于各级政府规范农村土地流转制度,鼓励农户通过土地流转合理规划种植规模,并推行差异化农业保险政策,同时为保险机构完善农业保险服务体系、扩大保障范围、丰富农业保险种类提供新的经验证据。

充填型岩石节理剪切力学特性研究进展

深部地层断层破碎带分布广泛,通常夹杂断层泥、岩屑等充填物,可显著降低岩体强度,为围岩稳定控制带来严峻挑战。断层破碎带充填型节理的剪切力学特性复杂且受多种因素的影响,如岩石类型及力学特性、节理面粗糙度、充填物矿物组分及力学性质、流体作用(如地下水)。通过回顾充填型岩石节理剪切力学行为的研究历程,对国内外关于充填型岩石节理剪切力学特性的研究现状进行了系统的总结,从室内剪切试验、数值仿真方法、抗剪强度准则及本构模型理论等方面分析了充填型岩石节理剪切力学特性关键科学问题及研究进展,并剖析了不同研究方法中存在的问题及发展趋势。目前普遍认同充填度、充填物矿物组分及力学性质是区别于无充填节理的最重要特征;地下水作用、法向应力、节理壁粗糙度等因素对充填节理力学特性有显著的影响。目前通过宏观唯象方法建立的抗剪强度理论难以精确应用到工程实际中,未来的研究关键及难点主要包括:多尺度充填型岩石节理剪切力学特性、基于充填节理的剪切破坏形成的细观机制、不同种类充填节理的剪切破坏准则及其对应的数值仿真本构模型及细观参数取值方法等。考虑多场耦合条件下多尺度充填节理的复杂行为将是未来充填型岩石节理剪切行为研究的重要发展方向。

基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别方法

识别非驾驶行为是提高驾驶安全性的重要手段之一。目前基于骨架序列和图像的融合识别方法具有计算量大和特征融合困难的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别模型(skeleton-image based behavior recognition network,SIBBR-Net)。SIBBR-Net通过基于多尺度图的图卷积网络和基于局部视觉及注意力机制的卷积神经网络,充分提取运动和外观特征,较好地平衡了模型表征能力和计算量间的关系。基于手部运动的特征双向引导学习策略、自适应特征融合模块和静态特征空间上的辅助损失,使运动和外观特征间互相引导更新并实现自适应融合。最终在Drive&Act数据集进行算法测试,SIBBR-Net在动态标签和静态标签条件下的平均正确率分别为61.78%和80.42%,每秒浮点运算次数为25.92G,较最优方法降低了76.96%。