In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selec...In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selected to be the research subjects in whom the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated by injection in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The safety analysis indicated that there were no statistic differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions when the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated at different sites. So we concluded that the safety of inoculation injection of Hib conjugate vaccines in vastus lateralis muscle was the same as that inoculated in the upper arm deltoid.展开更多
In this paper, a disturbance observer-based safe tracking control scheme is proposed for a medium-scale unmanned helicopter with rotor flapping dynamics in the presence of partial state constraints and unknown externa...In this paper, a disturbance observer-based safe tracking control scheme is proposed for a medium-scale unmanned helicopter with rotor flapping dynamics in the presence of partial state constraints and unknown external disturbances. A safety protection algorithm is proposed to keep the constrained states within the given safe-set. A second-order disturbance observer technique is utilized to estimate the external disturbances. It is shown that the desired tracking performance of the controlled unmanned helicopter can be achieved with the application of the backstepping approach, dynamic surface control technique, and Lyapunov method. Finally, the availability of the proposed control scheme has been shown by simulation results.展开更多
AIM To describe the development and implementation of a person-centered endoscopy safety checklist and to evaluate the effects of a "checklist intervention".METHODS The checklist,based on previously publishe...AIM To describe the development and implementation of a person-centered endoscopy safety checklist and to evaluate the effects of a "checklist intervention".METHODS The checklist,based on previously published safety checklists,was developed and locally adapted,taking patient safety aspects into consideration and using a person-centered approach. This novel checklist was introduced to the staff of an endoscopy unit at a Stockholm University Hospital during half-day seminars and team training sessions. Structured observations of the endoscopy team's performance were conducted before and after the introduction of the checklist. In addition,questionnaires focusing on patient participation,collaboration climate,and patient safety issues were collected from patients and staff. RESULTS A person-centered safety checklist was developed and introduced by a multi-professional group in the endoscopy unit. A statistically significant increase in accurate patient identity verification by the physicians was noted(from 0% at baseline to 87% after 10 mo,P < 0.001),and remained high among nurses(93% at baseline vs 96% after 10 mo,P = nonsignificant). Observations indicated that the professional staff made frequent attempts to use the checklist,but compliance was suboptimal: All items in the observed nurse-led "summaries" were included in 56% of these interactions,and physicians participated by directly facing the patient in 50% of the interactions. On the questionnaires administered to the staff,items regarding collaboration and the importance of patient participation were rated more highly after the introduction of the checklist,but this did not result in statistical significance(P = 0.07/P = 0.08). The patients rated almost all items as very high both before and after the introduction of the checklist;hence,no statistical difference was noted.CONCLUSION The intervention led to increased patient identity verification by physicians-a patient safety improvement. Clear evidence of enhanced person-centeredness or team work was not found.展开更多
Container vessels navigate among the world＇s ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel＇s decks, it is difficult for the crew to be awar...Container vessels navigate among the world＇s ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel＇s decks, it is difficult for the crew to be aware of all fishing vessels and other obstacles in a container vessel＇s radar observation blind zone. This greatly increases the risk of collisions and other accidents. Given such great challenges to safe navigation and safety management with container vessels, their security risks are severe. An effective visual monitoring system can improve the safety of the water area surrounding container vessel by eliminating a vessel＇s observation blind zone, providing an effective safety measure for vessels navigating fishing zones and other troublesome areas. The system has other functions, such as accident recording, ship security, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations, thus ensuring the ship operates safely. Six months＇ trial operation showed that the system facilitates safe navigation of container vessels.展开更多
In order to increase the illegal credit cost and social cost of companies,blacklist policies for food factories came into being. According to international experiences,blacklist policy,as a systematic project,is compa...In order to increase the illegal credit cost and social cost of companies,blacklist policies for food factories came into being. According to international experiences,blacklist policy,as a systematic project,is compatible with law and regulations,social credit system,and social observation movement. This paper reviewed the international experiences in blacklist policies and analyzed the existing problems in blacklist policies. In addition,three constructive suggestions were proposed in this paper.展开更多
In this paper,as for the unmanned air vehicle(UAV)under external disturbance,an attainable-equilibrium-set-based safety fight envelope(SFE)calculation method is proposed,based on which a prescribed performance protect...In this paper,as for the unmanned air vehicle(UAV)under external disturbance,an attainable-equilibrium-set-based safety fight envelope(SFE)calculation method is proposed,based on which a prescribed performance protection control scheme is presented.Firstly,the existing definition of the SFE based on attainable equilibrium set(AES)is extended to make it consistent and suitable for the UAV system under disturbance.Secondly,a higher-order disturbance observer(HODO)is developed to estimate the disturbances and the disturbance estimation is applied in the computation of the SFE.Thirdly,by using the calculated SFE,a desired safety trajectory based on the time-varying safety margin function and first-order filter is developed to prevent the states of the UAV system from exceeding the SFE.Moreover,an SFE protection controller is proposed by combining the desired safety trajectory,backstepping method,HODO design,and prescribed performance(PP)control technique.In particular,the closed-loop system is established on the basis of disturbance estimation error,filter error,and tracking error.Finally,the stability of the closed-loop system is verified by the Lyapunov stability theory,and the simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.展开更多
文摘In the present study, the safety of Hoemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccines inoculated in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle was evaluated. 680 infants aged 2-5 months and 6-12 months were selected to be the research subjects in whom the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated by injection in the upper arm deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The safety analysis indicated that there were no statistic differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions when the Hib conjugate vaccines were inoculated at different sites. So we concluded that the safety of inoculation injection of Hib conjugate vaccines in vastus lateralis muscle was the same as that inoculated in the upper arm deltoid.
基金supported in part by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (U2013201)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (61825302)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX20_0208)。
文摘In this paper, a disturbance observer-based safe tracking control scheme is proposed for a medium-scale unmanned helicopter with rotor flapping dynamics in the presence of partial state constraints and unknown external disturbances. A safety protection algorithm is proposed to keep the constrained states within the given safe-set. A second-order disturbance observer technique is utilized to estimate the external disturbances. It is shown that the desired tracking performance of the controlled unmanned helicopter can be achieved with the application of the backstepping approach, dynamic surface control technique, and Lyapunov method. Finally, the availability of the proposed control scheme has been shown by simulation results.
文摘AIM To describe the development and implementation of a person-centered endoscopy safety checklist and to evaluate the effects of a "checklist intervention".METHODS The checklist,based on previously published safety checklists,was developed and locally adapted,taking patient safety aspects into consideration and using a person-centered approach. This novel checklist was introduced to the staff of an endoscopy unit at a Stockholm University Hospital during half-day seminars and team training sessions. Structured observations of the endoscopy team's performance were conducted before and after the introduction of the checklist. In addition,questionnaires focusing on patient participation,collaboration climate,and patient safety issues were collected from patients and staff. RESULTS A person-centered safety checklist was developed and introduced by a multi-professional group in the endoscopy unit. A statistically significant increase in accurate patient identity verification by the physicians was noted(from 0% at baseline to 87% after 10 mo,P < 0.001),and remained high among nurses(93% at baseline vs 96% after 10 mo,P = nonsignificant). Observations indicated that the professional staff made frequent attempts to use the checklist,but compliance was suboptimal: All items in the observed nurse-led "summaries" were included in 56% of these interactions,and physicians participated by directly facing the patient in 50% of the interactions. On the questionnaires administered to the staff,items regarding collaboration and the importance of patient participation were rated more highly after the introduction of the checklist,but this did not result in statistical significance(P = 0.07/P = 0.08). The patients rated almost all items as very high both before and after the introduction of the checklist;hence,no statistical difference was noted.CONCLUSION The intervention led to increased patient identity verification by physicians-a patient safety improvement. Clear evidence of enhanced person-centeredness or team work was not found.
基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project Foundation under Grant No.T0603
文摘Container vessels navigate among the world＇s ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel＇s decks, it is difficult for the crew to be aware of all fishing vessels and other obstacles in a container vessel＇s radar observation blind zone. This greatly increases the risk of collisions and other accidents. Given such great challenges to safe navigation and safety management with container vessels, their security risks are severe. An effective visual monitoring system can improve the safety of the water area surrounding container vessel by eliminating a vessel＇s observation blind zone, providing an effective safety measure for vessels navigating fishing zones and other troublesome areas. The system has other functions, such as accident recording, ship security, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations, thus ensuring the ship operates safely. Six months＇ trial operation showed that the system facilitates safe navigation of container vessels.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Project(No.71173225)
文摘In order to increase the illegal credit cost and social cost of companies,blacklist policies for food factories came into being. According to international experiences,blacklist policy,as a systematic project,is compatible with law and regulations,social credit system,and social observation movement. This paper reviewed the international experiences in blacklist policies and analyzed the existing problems in blacklist policies. In addition,three constructive suggestions were proposed in this paper.
基金supported in part by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars 61825302in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U2013201in part by the Key R&D projects(Social Development)in Jiangsu Province of China under Grant BE2020704.
文摘In this paper,as for the unmanned air vehicle(UAV)under external disturbance,an attainable-equilibrium-set-based safety fight envelope(SFE)calculation method is proposed,based on which a prescribed performance protection control scheme is presented.Firstly,the existing definition of the SFE based on attainable equilibrium set(AES)is extended to make it consistent and suitable for the UAV system under disturbance.Secondly,a higher-order disturbance observer(HODO)is developed to estimate the disturbances and the disturbance estimation is applied in the computation of the SFE.Thirdly,by using the calculated SFE,a desired safety trajectory based on the time-varying safety margin function and first-order filter is developed to prevent the states of the UAV system from exceeding the SFE.Moreover,an SFE protection controller is proposed by combining the desired safety trajectory,backstepping method,HODO design,and prescribed performance(PP)control technique.In particular,the closed-loop system is established on the basis of disturbance estimation error,filter error,and tracking error.Finally,the stability of the closed-loop system is verified by the Lyapunov stability theory,and the simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
