Positioning-control Based on Trapezoidal Velocity Curve for High-precision Basis Weight Control Valve

Traditionally, basis weight control valve is driven by a constant frequency pulse signal. Therefore, it is difficult for the valve to match the control precision of basis weight. Dynamic simulation research using Matlab/Simulink indicates that there is much more overshoot and fluctuating during the valve-positioning process. In order to improve the valve-positioning precision, the control method of trapezoidal velocity curve was studied. The simulation result showed that the positioning steady-state error was less than 0.0056%, whereas the peak error was less than 0.016% by using trapezoidal velocity curve at 10 positioning steps. A valve-positioning precision experimental device for the stepper motor of basis weight control valve was developed. The experiment results showed that the error ratio of 1/10000 positioning steps was 4% by using trapezoidal velocity curve. Furthermore, the error ratio of 10/10000 positioning steps was 0.5%. It proved that the valve-positioning precision of trapezoidal velocity curve was much higher than that of the constant frequency pulse signal control strategy. The new control method of trapezoidal velocity curve can satisfy the precision requirement of 10000 steps.

Single Point Positioning Using GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou Satellites

This paper introduces the Chinese BeiDou satellite system and its comparison with the actual completed American GPS and the Russian GLONASS systems. The actual BeiDou system consists of 14 satellites covering totally the Asia-Pacific area. A Single Point Positioning (SPP) test has been realised in Changsha, Hunan province, China, to show the advantage of using combined pseudorange solutions from these 3 satellite navigation systems especially in obstructed sites. The test shows that, with an elevation mask angle of 10°, the accuracy is improved by about 20% in horizontal coordinates and nearly 50% in the vertical component using the simultaneous observations of the 3 systems compared to the GPS/GLONASS solution. For the processing with an elevation mask angle of 30°, most of the time less than 4 GPS satellites were available for the GPS-only case and no solution was possible. However, in this difficult situation, the combined GPS/GLONASS/ BeiDou solutions provided an accuracy (rms values) of about 5 m.

New Regional Satellite Positioning Constellation Scheme Discussion

The characteristics of present “Beidou” satellite positioning system are analyzed. In order to perfect our country regional satellite positioning system, the idea of “Beidou” geosychronous earth orbit （GEO） satellites combined with some middle earth orbit （MEO） satellites constellation is put forward. The details of general satellite constellation optimized method are described, using this method the multiple positioning constellation design results are gained. And those results belong to two type of sehems, one is 2 GEO plus some MEO satellites and the other is 3 GEO plus some MEO satellites. Through simulation and comparison, among those multiple design results, final optimized regional positioning constellation is given. In order to check the chosen constellation cover performance, the position dilution of preeision（PDOP） is calculated, and with ,satellite constellation simulation software Satlab many coverage performances of the chosen constellation substellar point track, elevation, azimuth and visible satellites number changing situation are also simulated.

A GPS/BDS dual-mode positioning algorithm for a train based on CIPSO_EKF

When using global positioning system/BeiDou navigation satellite(GPS/BDS)dual-mode navigation system to locate a train,Kalman filter that is used to calculate train position has to be adjusted according to the features of the dual-mode observation.Due to multipath effect,positioning accuracy of present Kalman filter algorithm is really low.To solve this problem,a chaotic immune-vaccine particle swarm optimization_extended Kalman filter(CIPSO_EKF)algorithm is proposed to improve the output accuracy of the Kalman filter.By chaotic mapping and immunization,the particle swarm algorithm is first optimized,and then the optimized particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the observation error covariance matrix.The optimal parameters are provided to the EKF,which can effectively reduce the impact of the observation value oscillation caused by multipath effect on positioning accuracy.At the same time,the train positioning results of EKF and CIPSO_EKF algorithms are compared.The eastward position errors and velocity errors show that CIPSO_EKF algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher real-time performance,which can effectively suppress interference and improve positioning accuracy.

BP-LMS-based BDS-3 power system positioning method

The BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system(BDS-3)provides a full-domain high-precision positioning service for the power system to ensure safe and stable operation.However,BDS-3 power system positioning faces certain challenges,such as complex electromagnetic interference and incomplete error elimination.Herein,a back propagation neural network-improved least mean square(BP-LMS)adaptive filtering method is proposed for the BDS-3 full-domain and high-precision power system positioning,which utilizes the loss function to update the weight of the BP hidden layer,computes the pseudo compensation range,and eliminates the impact of electromagnetic interference to enhance the accuracy of power system positioning.Simulation results confirm the superior performance of BP-LMS in positioning accuracy and error elimination.Compared with LMS and normalized least mean square(NLMS),the filtering error of the proposed BP-LMS adaptive filtering method is decreased by 57.14%and 51.38%,respectively.

Modeling and Prediction of Inter-System Bias for GPS/BDS-2/BDS-3 Combined Precision Point Positioning

The combination of Precision Point Positioning(PPP)with Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System(MultiGNSS),called MGPPP,can improve the positioning precision and shorten the convergence time more effectively than the combination of PPP with only the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).However,the Inter-System Bias(ISB)measurement of Multi-GNSS,including the time system offset,the coordinate system difference,and the inter-system hardware delay bias,must be considered for Multi-GNSS data fusion processing.The detected ISB can be well modeled and predicted by using a quadratic model(QM),an autoregressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA),as well as the sliding window strategy(SW).In this study,the experimental results indicate that there is no apparent difference in the ISB between BDS-2 and BDS-3 observations if B1I/B3I signals are used.However,an obvious difference in ISB can be found between BDS-2 and BDS-3 observations if B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a signals are used.Meanwhile,the precision of the Predicted ISB(PISB)on the next day of all stations is about 0.1−0.6 ns.Besides,to effectively utilize the PISB,a new strategy for predicting the PISB for MGPPP is proposed.In the proposed strategy,the PISB is used by adding two virtual observation equations,and an adaptive factor is adopted to balance the contribution of the Observed ISB(OISB)and the PISB to the final estimations of ISB.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,some experimental schemes are designed and tested under different satellite availability conditions.The results indicate that in open sky environment,the selective utilization of the PISB achieves almost the same positioning precision of MGPPP as the direct utilization of the PISB,but the convergence time of MGPPP is reduced by 7.1%at most in the north(N),east(E),and up(U)components.In the blocked sky environment,the selective utilization of the PISB contributes to more significant improvement of the positioning precision and convergence time than that in the open sky environment.Compared with the direct utilization of the PISB,the selective utilization of the PISB improves the positioning precision and convergence time by 6.7%and 12.7%at most in the N,E,and U components,respectively.

精准时空感知赋能数字经济发展

当前数字经济的发展愈发依赖于精准时空信息,分析了通信导航融合感知网络对实现精准时空感知的作用与挑战,介绍了我国在通导融合研究方面取得的突破性进展,阐述了隐嵌信噪定位技术对5G网络定位性能的提升、异构多网多源融合对定位鲁棒性的保障,对北斗与5G深度融合的增量效应进行了讨论。从精准时空感知如何赋能数字经济发展的角度对通信导航融合网络做出进一步规划。

北斗三号系统PPP-RTK技术在车辆自动驾驶应用可行性研究

卫星导航定位技术是支撑车辆自动驾驶的关键技术,北斗三号全球卫星导航系统建成开通,使得基于北斗三号系统的PPP-RTK技术具备了各行各业广泛应用的基础。本文从PPP-RTK技术本身的发展和车辆定位系统等方面开展论述,对PPP-RTK技术在车辆自动驾驶中应用的可能性进行探究。

LEO多星座增强BDS精密单点定位性能评估

针对不同构型的低轨星座(LEO)增强北斗卫星导航系统BDS的精密单点定位PPP性能开展研究。通过IGS高、中、低纬度6测站实测数据、精密轨道及钟差产品,生成BDS、“鸿雁”HY、“微厘空间”CS精密星历、卫星钟差、观测量等实验仿真数据,构建了LEO增强BDS PPP数学模型,实现了BDS、BDS+HY、BDS+CS、BDS+HY+CS不同组合PPP。实验结果表明,在10、60 min静态PPP定位精度以及平均可视卫星数、PDOP值等方面均有不同程度的提升,HY对高纬度KIRU站改善效果显著,收敛时间减至2 min以内,CS对低纬度FAA1站测站收敛时间的提升最大,从46 min 50 s缩短至2 min,HY+CS增强BDS的效果最好,10 min定位精度均能达到毫米级,除FAA1站外其他测站均收敛在1 min以内。

基于GDCORS的北斗终端高精度定位算法实现及性能分析

为了提升广东省卫星导航定位基准服务系统(以下简称“GDCORS”)的社会化应用范围,扩充GDCORS的服务对象,提出了基于时间差分和卡尔曼滤波的实时高精度定位方法,利用该方法开发了高精度定位APP,并且研制了与之配套的外接北斗定位模块,然后基于GDCORS提供的实时差分产品数据使用多种智能手机在广州市内开展了静态和动态定位测试。测试结果表明,提出的高精度定位算法实现了基于手机观测数据的米级北斗伪距差分定位,基于单频外接设备的分米级、基于多频外接设备的厘米级北斗载波相位差分定位,以上基于GDCORS的北斗终端高精度定位算法具备应用推广价值。

基于YOLOv5车辆识别和北斗定位的城市拥堵解决方案

为有效缓解城市交通拥堵,基于YOLOv5车辆识别和北斗定位技术构建了城市拥堵解决方案,实现了车辆运行信息实时采集、道路流量预测和智能交通控制等功能。YOLOv5车辆识别技术采集流量、车速等交通运行特征数据结合北斗定位技术采集的车辆运行特征数据,为智能交通控制决策与用户路线规划的数据支撑;智能控制终端分析采集到的数据,预测道路流量;数据传输模块完成采集输入并上传至智能控制终端和预测结果输出至智能交通控制设施,调节潮汐车道,实现智能信控;同时向用户反馈道路拥堵状况、提供路径选择建议。仿真运行结果表明,该解决方案面对两种不同的道路网可以使平均停车延误分别降低了9.0%、6.0%,总行驶时间分别降低了4.5%、6.3%,能够缓解交通拥堵。

北斗系统GEO卫星伪距多路径误差改正

北斗系统地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星因相对于地面近似静止,其多路径误差相对于其他类型较为严重,且表现出系统波动现象。为提升定位精度,本文在GEO卫星伪距多路径误差特征研究的基础上,采用奇异谱分析方法对其进行修正,并通过伪距单点定位(SPP)验证伪距多路径误差修正效果。选取测站CUT0连续10d的静态观测数据进行修正试验。研究发现,GEO卫星伪距多路径误差序列表现出较强的天重复性,且多路径误差中的系统误差项越大,重复性也越强;在运用奇异谱分析方法修正GEO卫星伪距多路径误差各系统误差项后,多路径组合(MP)观测值和SPP的定位精度均有一定程度提升。

北斗系统多频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法研究

研究利用LAMBDA方法来解算三频载波相位BDS系统和GPS系统整周模糊度并分析其固定精度情况。通过采用2 km、5 km、8 km、10 km和12 km五条基线进行单系统解算对比,实验结果表明,无论是BDS还是GPS,在进行单系统RTK解算中,N方向坐标偏差变化幅度较其他两个方向变化都是最大的;在进行5 km的基线解算中,BDS三个坐标方向偏差基本保持在-0.2~0.4 m之间,相对于GPS系统较好;5 km的基线解算中,GPS系统三个方向坐标偏差值基本在-0.1~0.1 m之间,较BDS系统稳定且精度高。2 km基线的时候在200历元左右GPS固定精度明显优于BDS,5 km的时候GPS在1 000历元左右模糊度固定精度明显要比BDS高,但是随着基线长度的增加,GPS系统模糊度固定精度逐渐趋近,直至小于BDS系统。

北斗导航与定位虚拟仿真教学探索与实现

针对北斗导航与定位教学过程中存在相关知识点抽象而难以理解及理论与实践脱节的问题,本文以提高教育教学质量和学生综合素质能力为目标,以学生为中心,遵循从理论学习到实践应用的规律,借助虚拟现实技术构建了一种“认知-探究-应用”于一体的全过程、系统化、递进式的北斗导航与定位虚拟仿真教学方法。该教学方法涵盖北斗导航系统原理、系统组成、导航定位、测距误差与消除,以及RTK高精度数字测图与应用等一系列教学内容。该教学方法可虚拟国家北斗重器,培养学生家国情怀,打破时间空间限制,激发学生创新能力,促进理论实践融合,提高教育教学质量,对于培养熟练掌握北斗导航定位知识并具备相关实践技能的测绘工程专业人才是非常必要的。

北斗三号仅用作追踪的机载设备适航要求分析

随着北斗三号卫星导航系统服务正式开通,北斗二号相关适航标准已无法满足当前机载设备应用场景需求,严重制约了北斗在民航领域的应用进程,急需开展北斗三号相应标准的研究与制定。针对北斗在民用航空器中应用第1阶段“仅用作航空器追踪”,对北斗二号与北斗三号开展差异性分析,提出标准修订总体方案,综合考虑适航安全性、机载设备应用场景,结合工业实践,根据设备构型提出指标修订方案,形成审定要素及符合性方法建议,为设备研发与适航取证提供标准支持。仿真分析了设备天线增益、卫星可见性等关键参数,验证了所修订技术指标的正确性。

刍议坝料超长距离运输管理模式

基于李家岩水库工程现场运输管理中遇到的问题,为提高坝料超长距离运输的安全性,项目部制定了一套坝料超长距离运输管理模式,引入了一套依靠北斗定位导航设计的、可在汽车运输时准确进行调控的系统,其可以有效地实时追踪和管理大坝建设过程中坝料的运输情况,进而提升了运输效率并可实时掌握与管理整个坝料的运输循环周期。阐述了对坝料超长距离运输管理模式进行的研究。

基于北斗RDSS的船用海上定位设备关键技术研究

针对海上船舶的定位问题,利用北斗短报文装置的位置报告功能,通过对定位、通信模块的关键技术研究和实验,设计出一整套北斗实时定位及通信系统,实现了对渔船位置的监测和对遇险渔船救援的指挥。北斗短报文设备采用了北斗二号的导航定位,双向短信发送和定时功能。有效地解决了通信距离远,通讯费用高等问题。该系统具有实时性强,通讯频率高,定位精度高,实用性强,传输功率大等优点。

基于北斗短报文的低功耗定位系统的设计

为解决传统定位系统功率损耗大,无法在脱机状态下长时间工作的问题,设计了一款基于硬件低功耗和软件“正常工作-休眠工作”双模式循环的定位系统。在硬件部分,该系统选用低功耗单片机STM32L431控制GPS定位模块CNS35和北斗短报文模块TM0558,并对供电电路实时采集。在软件部分,加入了“休眠工作”模式,实现与“正常工作”模式的循环切换。结果表明:该低功耗定位系统可实现定位误差低于2.5 m、通信成功率≥85%、双SIM卡切换等基本功能;且在单次循环为4 min的前提下,“正常工作2 min-休眠工作2 min”的工作方式将能量损耗降低至“正常工作4 min”方式的64.7%,续航时间延长了11.16 h。

悬挂式水田宽幅卫星平地机设计与试验

针对我国水田平整时窗短、平整作业精度要求高、缺乏高效水田平整作业机具等问题,设计了一种悬挂式水田宽幅卫星平地机。研发了悬挂式水田宽幅卫星平地机平地控制系统,应用北斗卫星RTK定位技术,将北斗卫星天线置于平地铲上方,可实现平地铲高度的厘米级精准定位。开发的智能终端采用阈值-多项式插值算法将实时高程信息转换成点云图,可直接反映水田平整后地势情况,供二次平整作业参考。设计了液压控制系统和悬挂式挂载结构的双液压缸驱动平地机,平地机载荷能力强,高程调节过程更加稳定。进行了系统定位精度及控制输出验证试验,结果表明:悬挂式水田宽幅卫星平地机平地控制系统定位精度为䥺SymbolqB@1.0cm,控制部分输出稳定。为验证悬挂式水田宽幅卫星平地机的工作性能,对其进行了水田平整试验,并将田间采样高程数据进行了田块纵横单行数据拟合曲线对比分析及统计分析。田间试验结果表明:田面最大高差d从19.6cm平整至5.9cm,采样点标准差Sd从4.9cm平整至2.6cm,作业效果较好,可有效改善水田平整度。

BeiDou、Galileo、GLONASS、GPS多系统融合精密单点

随着中国BeiDou系统与欧盟Galileo系统的出现以及俄罗斯GLONASS系统的恢复完善,过去单一的GPS导航卫星系统时代已经逐步过渡为多系统并存且相互兼容的全球性卫星导航系统（multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems,multi-GNSS）时代,多系统GNSS融合精密定位将成为未来GNSS精密定位技术的发展趋势。本文采用GPS、GLONASS、BeiDou、Galileo 4大卫星导航定位系统融合的精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）实测数据,初步研究并分析了4系统融合PPP的定位性能。试验结果表明：在单系统观测几何构型不理想的区域,多系统融合能显著提高PPP的定位精度和收敛速度。4大系统融合的PPP收敛速度相对于单GNSS可提高30%~50%,定位精度可提高10%~30%,特别是对高程方向的贡献更为明显。此外,在卫星截止高度角大于30°的观测环境下,单系统由于可见卫星数不足导致无法连续定位,而多系统融合仍然可以获得PPP定位结果,尤其是水平方向具有较高的定位精度。这对于山区、城市以及遮挡严重的区域具有非常重要的应用价值。