A Statistical Analysis of Intensities Estimation on the Modeling of Non-Life Insurance Claim Counting Process

This study presents an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts relating to a specified time. The objective of this study is to estimate the parameters in non-life insurance claim counting process, including the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity. We use the estimating function, the zero mean martingale (ZMM) as a procedure of parameter estimation in the insurance claim counting process. Then, Λ(t) , the compensator of is proposed for the number of claims in the time interval . We present situations through a simulation study of both processes on the time interval . Some examples of the situations in the simulation study are depicted by a sample path relating to its compensator Λ(t). In addition, an example of the claim counting process illustrates the result of the compensator estimate misspecification.

STUDY ON THE RING SPINNING SYSTEM WITH A FIXED BELL SHAPED BALLOON CONTROLLER

On the basis of analyzing the typical kinds of balloon controllers used now, this article provides a new type one named Fixed Bell Shaped Balloon Controller. Experiments have been made to verify the function of it. Results indicated that the facility has quite good effect on the improvement of yarn quality and properties in addition to controlling yarn tension.

Analytical investigation on 3D non-Boussinesq mountain wave drag for wind profiles with vertical variations

A new analytical model was developed to predict the gravity wave drag （GWD） induced by an isolated 3-dimensional mountain, over which a stratified, nonrotating non-Boussinesq sheared flow is impinged. The model is confined to small amplitude motion and assumes the ambient velocity varying slowly with height. The modified Taylor-Goldstein equation with variable coefficients is solved with a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin （WKB） approximation, formally valid at high Richardson numbers. With this WKB solution, generic formulae of second order accuracy, for the GWD and surface pressure perturbation （both for hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic flow） are presented, enabling a rigorous treatment on the effects by vertical variations in wind profiles. In an ideal test to the circular bell-shaped mountain, itwas found that when the wind is linearly sheared, that the GWD decreases as the Richardson number decreases. However, the GWD for a forward sheared wind （wind increases with height） decreases always faster than that for the backward sheared wind （wind deceases with height）. This difference is evident whenever the model is hydrostatic or not.

A Bayesian Inference of Non-Life Insurance Based on Claim Counting Process with Periodic Claim Intensity

The aim of this study is to propose an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts related to the insurance claim counting process, including the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity and a beta-shaped intensity. The estimating function, such as the zero mean martingale (ZMM), is used as a procedure for parameter estimation of the insurance claim counting process, and the parameters of model claim intensity are estimated by the Bayesian method. Then,Λ(t), the compensator of N(t) is proposed for the number of claims in a time interval (0,t]. Given the process over the time interval (0,t]., the situations are presented through a simulation study and some examples of these situations are also depicted by a sample path relating N(t) to its compensatorΛ(t).

UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Gathering in fields or villages dur-ing community festivals,members of the Korean ethnic group in Jilin and other provinces in northeast China offer a traditional sacrifice to the God of the Land to pay homage to nature and pray for good fortune and a plentiful harvest.This is the beginning of the farmers'dance of China's Korean ethnic group,a popular folk practice passed on by senior members of a community to younger generations.Musicians play oboe-like suona,bell-shaped gongs and a variety of drums,while masked or unmasked dancers move farcically to the accompaniment.

Safety is increasingly important in cobweb spiders based on life history

Detritus-based,bell-shaped cobwebs are an ideal model to research the plasticity of web architecture due to clearly separate defense and foraging components.We performed a thoroughfield investigation on the web architectures of Campanicola campanulata to research its cobweb architecture variation during the growth process and analyzed the energy trade-offs between foraging and defense at different developmental stages.The results indicated that as female C.campanulata grew,they dedicated more energy to defense and less energy to foraging,while males dedicated less energy to both defense and foraging through the growth period.We hypothesize that cobweb spiders dedicate an increasing amount of energy to safety based on evidence obtained from their life-history.Meanwhile,we present a new model to investigate web architecture variation and provide a new framework to quantify the energy allocation between foraging and predator defense for web-building spiders.

Preclinical study of a self-expanding pulmonary valve for the treatment of pulmonary valve disease

In the past decade,balloon-expandable percutaneous pulmonary valves have been developed and applied in clinical practice.However,all the existing products of pulmonary artery interventional valves in the market have a straight structure design,and they require a preset support frame and balloon expansion.This shape design of the valve limits the application range.In addition,the age of the population with pulmonary artery disease is generally low,and the existing products cannot meet the needs of anti-calcification properties and valve material durability.In this study,through optimization of the support frame and leaflet design,a self-expanding pulmonary valve product with a double bell-shaped frame was designed to improve the match of the valve and the implantation site.A loading and deployment study showed that the biomaterial of the valve was not damaged after being compressed.Pulsatile flow and fatigue in vitro tests showed that the fabricated pulmonary valve met the hydrodynamic requirements after 2108 accelerated fatigue cycles.The safety and efficacy of the pulmonary valve product were demonstrated in studies of pulmonary valve implantation in 11 pigs.Angiography and echocardiography showed that the pulmonary valves were implanted in a good position,and they had normal closure and acceptable valvular regurgitation.The 180 days’implantation results showed that the calcium content was 0.31-1.39 mg/g in the anti-calcification treatment group,which was significantly lower than that in the control valve without anti-calcification treatment(16.69 mg/g).Our new interventional pulmonary valve product was ready for clinical trials and product registration.