Liquid Subcutaneous Levodopa-Carbidopa ND0612 Effects on Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: In the manuscript titled “Liquid subcutaneous Levodopa-Carbidopa ND0612 effects on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis”, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen has on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Introduction: ND0612 is a novel minimally invasive continuous subcutaneous delivery system of liquid Levodopa-Carbidopa being investigated for the treatment of PD in individuals experiencing motor symptoms. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of ND0612 on motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Outcomes included the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II and Part III scores. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird method to estimate the effects of the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen on UPDRS Part II and Part III scores. Results: Three studies were included in our review. There were statistically significant reductions in UPDRS Part II scores (mean difference (MD) −3.299;95% confidence interval (CI) −3.438, −3.159) and in UPDRS Part III scores (MD −12.695;95% CI −24.428, −0.962) in the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen. Results were based on very low certainty of evidence. Conclusion: Based on very low certainty evidence, the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen is effective at improving motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Our findings suggest that ND0612 is more effective at improving UPDRS Part II and Part III scores in individuals with PD than other pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, warranting further study.

Fermions: Spin, Hidden Variables, Violation of Bell’s Inequality and Quantum Entanglement

Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. Quantum mechanics is described with real fields and real operators. Schrodinger and Dirac equations then are solved. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. For an incoming entangled pair of fermions, the combined solution is Ψin=c1ψ1+c4ψ4where c1and c4are some hidden variables. By applying a magnetic field in +Z and +x the theoretical results of a triple Stern-Gerlach experiment are predicted correctly. Then, by repeating Bell’s and Mermin Gedanken experiment with three magnetic filters σθ, at three different inclination angles θ, the violation of Bell’s inequality is proven. It is shown that all fermions are in a mixed state of spins and the ratio between spin-up to spin-down depends on the hidden variables.

Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: In the manuscript titled Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinsons Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects that Rasagiline has on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Introduction: Rasagiline is a second-generation monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor used both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for Parkinsons Disease (PD). Methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed with randomized control trials that investigated the effects of Rasagiline on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. The systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in our review. There were trivial to small and statistically significant improvements in motor symptoms for individuals with PD treated with Rasagiline compared to placebo. Non-motor symptoms showed no significant improvement with Rasagiline compared to placebo in five of six meta-analyses. Results were based on very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusion: 1 mg/day Rasagiline significantly improved Parkinsonian motor symptoms in individuals with PD compared with placebo. For all outcomes, the 1 mg/day Rasagiline group was favored over the placebo group.

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Partial Frequencies and Chladni’s Law in Church Bells

The rim partials of a church bell (those with an antinode at the soundbow) generate the strike pitch or perceived note of the bell. The spacing in frequency of the higher rim partials has an important effect on the tonal quality of the bell. Investigations into the partial frequencies of 2752 bells, both bronze and steel, of a wide variety of dates, founders and sizes, show a simple and unexpected relationship between the frequencies of the rim partials. This relationship explains why attempts to tune the higher rim partials independently have failed. A modified version of Chladni’s law provides insight into the musical relationship of the partials, and predicts the partials of individual bells well, but fails to give a simple model of the spacing between the partials seen in bells with different profiles.

针灸治疗Bell's面瘫疗效的系统评价

目的 系统评价针灸促进Bell s面瘫康复和减少其远期发病率的效果。方法 计算机检索MED LINE、EMBASE、LILAS、中国生物医学文献数据库和Cochrane肌肉疾病组注册组资料库 ,检索时间截止至 2 0 0 2年 12月 ;同时检索其它相关灰色文献 ,获取所有涉及针灸治疗Bell s面瘫的随机和半随机对照试验。而后选择符合纳入标准的临床试验 ,评价其方法学质量 ,并从中提取患者基本情况、干预措施、终点指标和结果等相关资料进行系统评价。结果 共有 3个小规模的临床随机对照试验 ,合计 2 88例患者符合纳入标准 ,但因其在试验设计、报道上存在明显缺陷 ,以及试验之间存在较大差异 ,不符合Meta分析条件 ,因而只进行了定性分析。结果显示 ,针灸治疗Bell s面瘫有一定疗效 (P均 <0.0 1)。结论 针灸治疗Bell s面瘫有效 ,但入选的 3个随机对照试验规模小 ,质量不高 ,降低了这一结论的可靠性。开展高质量、内在真实性好的相关随机对照试验非常必要。

Bell's面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。

穴位注射配合电针治疗顽固性Bell’s面瘫的临床疗效观察

目的 :研究穴位注射配合电针与传统针灸两种不同治疗方法在治疗顽固性面瘫中的作用 ,以探讨更适宜在临床中推广应用的治疗方案。方法 :采用临床半随机对照的研究设计方案 ,观察两种不同治疗方案的临床痊愈率、平均痊愈时间。结果 :穴注配合电针治疗方案无论在临床痊愈率还是平均痊愈时间方面均优于传统针灸治疗方案 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :建议在顽固性Bell’s面瘫患者针灸治疗中推广应用穴注配合电针治疗方案 ,以缩短治疗时间 。

瞬目反射和面神经电图在Bell′s麻痹中的应用

目的探讨Bell’s麻痹患者行瞬目反射(blinkreflex,BR)、面神经电图(electroneurogram,ENG)检测的意义。方法36例Bell′s麻痹患者在发病1周内行BR和ENG测定。结果患侧R1、R2及R2′缺如者23例,其余13例患侧较健侧R1、R2及R2′波潜伏期延长,异常率100%;患侧面神经运动传导潜伏期延长、波幅降低,与健侧比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),早期异常率为63.9%。结论BR测定是诊断Bell’s麻痹的敏感指标,同时结合ENG可全面、客观地评价面神经损害的程度和预后。

Bell’s面瘫患者心理健康状况研究

目的 探讨 Bell’s面瘫患者的心理健康状况及其相应对策。方法 采用症状自评量表 ( Symptom Checklist90 ,SCL-90 )对 3 9例 Bell’s面瘫患者进行测试 ,与《精神科评定量表手册》中提供的常模进行比较 ,并且将 3 9例患者分不同性别、不同年龄组进行比较。结果 SCL-90测试显示 Bell’s面瘫患者在焦虑、人际关系、躯体化因子均分 (分别为 1 .5 4±0 .2 8、1 .81± 0 .3 2、1 .48± 0 .3 2 )皆高于国内常模 ( P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ;女性组、≤ 45岁组的焦虑、人际关系及躯体化因子均分分别显著性高于男性组和 >45岁组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 Bell’s面瘫患者存在心理健康问题 ,不同性别、年龄患者的心理健康状况严重程度不同 ,应采用心理干预。

表面肌电生物反馈疗法对小儿Bell's麻痹面肌功能恢复的观察

目的观察表面肌电生物反馈疗法对小儿Bell's麻痹的疗效。方法选取Bell's麻痹的患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组。其中对照组30例,治疗组30例。对照组患者给予常规神经内科药物治疗:包括泼尼松,维生素B_1、甲钴胺等药物。治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上加用表面肌电生物反馈治疗,应用肌电图(EMG)检测两组患者患侧面神经从茎乳孔到眼轮匝肌及口轮匝肌部位的潜伏期及波幅的变化,并于治疗前后进行H-B分级评定。结果两组患者于治疗前后患侧面神经潜伏期及波幅有显著性变化。H-B分级比较有显著提高。并且治疗组优于对照组。结论采用表面肌电生物反馈治疗能有效改善面瘫症状,改善面肌肌力,促进面神经麻痹侧面神经功能的恢复。

复方丹参滴丸治疗Bell's面瘫的随机对照研究

目的评价复方丹参滴丸治疗Bell's面瘫的疗效与安全性。方法将60例Bell's面瘫患者随机分为两组,治疗组30例,对照组30例。治疗组采用复方丹参滴丸为主,辅以药物治疗和物理治疗;对照组只应用药物治疗和物理治疗。两组均治疗30 d后观察疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为90.00%,对照组总有效率为80.00%,两组间差异有统计学意义。临床观察中未发现治疗组有不良反应发生。结论复方丹参滴丸治疗Bell's面瘫安全有效,值得在临床上应用。

316例Bell’s面瘫患者注意力与暗示性影响因素研究

目的：评价Bell’s面瘫患者注意力及暗示性程度并探讨其影响因素。方法：Bell’s面瘫患者316例,采用House Brackmann（HB）分级量表评估患者面瘫程度,划消实验、暗示性测验评估面瘫患者注意力和暗示性程度。根据病程将患者分为急性期（≤72 h）和亚急性期（72~168 h）;根据病情程度将患者分为轻度（HB评分Ⅰ~Ⅲ级）和重度（HB评分Ⅳ~Ⅵ级）。独立样本t检验比较不同病程和病情患者HB评分、注意力评分、暗示性评分;Spearman等级相关分析和多元逐步回归分析探讨影响面瘫患者注意力、暗示性的因素。结果：急性期、轻度面瘫患者注意力评分高于亚急性期、重度面瘫患者;急性期、轻度面瘫患者暗示性评分低于亚急性期、重度面瘫患者;面瘫患者HB评分与注意力呈负相关,与暗示性程度呈正相关;影响注意力的主要因素有HB评分、病程、文化程度、年龄等;影响暗示性的主要因素有病情程度、病程、性别、年龄、文化程度等。结论：面瘫患者注意力下降,暗示性程度增强,主要与面瘫程度、病程、文化程度、年龄。

热敏灸为主治疗Bell’S面瘫的临床研究

Bell麻痹（Bell’S palsy）是一种自发急性周围性的面神经麻痹,也称为特发性周围性面瘫。Bell氏麻痹占所有面神经麻痹病例的60%-75%,每年的发病率为10-40/10万人。

早期改善微循环对Bell's麻痹患者神经功能恢复的影响

将37例早期Bell's麻痹患者随机分为盐酸丁咯地尔治疗组和对照组,用Blink反射观察两组神经传导功能恢复情况。结果显示,治疗组Blink反射潜伏期恢复优于对照组(P<0.01)。提示早期改善微循环可促进Bell s麻痹患者的神经传导功能恢复。

Bell’s面瘫患者的护理

Bell’s面瘫是一种临床常见的疾病,可以发生在任何年龄的人群。我院针灸科护理组优化的"面瘫整体护理方案",对面瘫患者实施从急性期到恢复期的全程护理,取得了良好的疗效。

针刺配合刮痧治疗恢复期Bell's面瘫的临床观察

目的:观察针刺配合刮痧法治疗恢复期Bell’s面瘫的临床疗效。方法:本研究共纳入65例Bell’s面瘫恢复期患者。随机分为治疗组(针刺配合刮痧组)和对照组(单纯针刺)。治疗组采用常规针刺疗法配合刮痧治疗,对照组针刺方法及取穴同治疗组,治疗均以5次为1个疗程,疗程间休息2 d,共治疗4个疗程。采用House-Brackmann分级量表及面神经麻痹程度分级评分标准,于治疗结束后及治疗后1个月进行疗效评价。结果:病例完成情况良好,两组基线情况良好,可比性强(P>0.05)。对治疗后两组H-B分级量表及面神经麻痹程度分级评分进行分析,治疗组优于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗后1个月两组H-B分级量表及面神经麻痹程度分级评分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:针刺配合刮痧法治疗恢复期Bell’s面瘫临床疗效优于单纯针刺。