浅析数字化在汽车Benchmarking中的应用

竞争车解析对标是汽车Benchmarking的基础工作,现行业竞争车解析对标参数采集均依靠人工作业,工作效率低下。结合业务实践,文章研究了一套自动拍照、自动称重的数字化信息采集系统,通过软硬件结合实现竞争车解析对标参数采集、数据整理、数据传输等全链条业务自动化。该方法的运用可大幅提升整车Benchmarking工作效率,进而缩短产品开发周期,实现效率与效益双提升。

Benchmarking calculations of excitation energies and transition properties with spectroscopic accuracy of highly charged ions used for the fusion plasma and astrophysical plasma

Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics in fusion and astrophysical plasmas. In this work, we mainly focus on reviewing our two projects performed in the past decade. One is about the ions with Z■30 that are generally of astrophysical interest, and the other one is about the highly charged krypton(Z = 36)and tungsten(Z = 74) ions that are relevant in research of magnetic confinement fusion. Two different and independent methods, namely, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory(RMBPT) are usually used in our studies. As a complement/extension to our previous works for highly charged tungsten ions with open M-shell and open N-shell, we also mainly focus on presenting and discussing our complete RMBPT and MCDHF calculations for the excitation energies, wavelengths, electric dipole(E1), magnetic dipole(M1), electric quadrupole(E2), and magnetic quadrupole(M2) transition properties, and level lifetimes for the lowest 148 levels belonging to the 3l3configurations in Al-like W61+. We also summarize the uncertainties of our systematical theoretical calculations, by cross-checking/validating our datasets from our RMBPT and MCDHF calculations, and by detailed comparisons with available accurate observations and other theoretical calculations. The data are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10569.

Benchmarking技术在汽车开发领域中的应用

介绍了Benchmarking技术的概念;综合国内外汽车发展的历史和现状,针对我国汽车开发经验、知识积累不足问题,引入了Benchmarking技术的样车分析技术体系,细化了样车Benchmarking的流程,说明了Benchmarking技术的应用过程。最后介绍了目前Benchmarking技术在汽车开发知识库系统中的应用现状。

Benchmarking：竞争情报的一种重要手段

Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的有关内容是竞争情报的重要组成部分。Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的理论和方法是随着竞争情报的发展而发展起来的。本文从Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的由来、基本概念、种类等步骤方面较为全面地论述了Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的有关情况，希望能引起对Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ这一竞争情报重要手段研究的重视。

用Benchmarking方法分析我校信息管理与信息系统专业建设及发展

本文针对我校信息管理专业的实际情况,以上海交大作为比较对象,用Benchmarking方法从人才培养、管理科学、社会服务等方面作为比较内容,提出赶超对策和实施计划,最后总结了文中的不足。

NoSQL数据库实践教学:结合Benchmarking的方法

随着大数据、人工智能时代的到来,NoSQL数据库对工业界和学术界的影响也愈加深入,如何培养学生的NoSQL实践应用能力成为关键问题。但是,受限于学分设定、实验环境等,当前高校对于相关课程的开设和教学力度不够,学生缺少相关的NoSQL数据库实践能力,与业界所需大数据能力的鸿沟越拉越大。针对该问题,介绍所在团队在过去5年中,基于双层学习模式开展NoSQL数据库实践教学的经验。结合Benchmarking方法,根据学生的课程评价和反馈,验证了该教学模式取得了较好的实践教学效果。

超越自我：Benchmarking的再研究

Benchmarking在英文中的原义是“板凳标尺”，中文有的译作“定标赶超”，“标尺”等，还有译为形象化的“见贤思齐”。实际上它是一种企业管理的工具，即“学习、复制、创新”的过程。对于Benchmarking，有多种说法。

基于DEA-Benchmarking模型的双层成本控制绩效评价

本文运用DEA-Benchmarking模型对制造企业双层成本控制绩效进行评价。然后选取DA企业机加车间7个班组成本相关数据构造7组标杆单元,进行DEA评价,判断成本控制效率,验证了双层成本控制的科学性与先进性。

Methods and Practices for Institutional Benchmarking based on Research Impact and Competitiveness: A Case Study of ShanghaiTech University

Purpose: To develop and test a mission-oriented and multi-dimensional benchmarking method for a small scale university aiming for internationally first-class basic research.Design/methodology/approach: An individualized evidence-based assessment scheme was employed to benchmark ShanghaiTech University against selected top research institutions,focusing on research impact and competitiveness at the institutional and disciplinary levels.Topic maps opposing ShanghaiTech and corresponding top institutions were produced for the main research disciplines of ShanghaiTech. This provides opportunities for further exploration of strengths and weakness. Findings: This study establishes a preliminary framework for assessing the mission of the university. It further provides assessment principles, assessment questions, and indicators.Analytical methods and data sources were tested and proved to be applicable and efficient.Research limitations: To better fit the selective research focuses of this university, its schema of research disciplines needs to be re-organized and benchmarking targets should include disciplinary top institutions and not necessarily those universities leading overall rankings.Current reliance on research articles and certain databases may neglect important research output types.Practical implications: This study provides a working framework and practical methods for mission-oriented, individual, and multi-dimensional benchmarking that ShanghaiTech decided to use for periodical assessments. It also offers a working reference for other institutions to adapt. Further needs are identified so that ShanghaiTech can tackle them for future benchmarking.Originality/value: This is an effort to develop a mission-oriented, individually designed,systematically structured, and multi-dimensional assessment methodology which differs from often used composite indices.

Benchmarking及其在环境管理中的应用

随着社会竞争以及环境意识的加强 ,环境管理显得尤为重要。Benchmarking就是一种有效的环境管理手段。但benchmarking在国内的应用为数不多 ,本文以benchmarking在啤酒行业中的应用为例介绍了benchmarking的概念、实施步骤。

Shrinkage Behaviour of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron in Green and Dry Sand Molds for the Benchmarking of Solidification Simulation

The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted.

Satellite Derived Geospatial Irrigation Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Studies of Irrigation Systems

Development of irrigation infrastructure and its efficient management is the primary concern for sustainable food production. The assessment of irrigation infrastructure creation, its utilization, diagnostic evaluation of the various performance indices (monitoring) are important to measure the efficiency. Benchmarking of Irrigation Systems (BIS) is for the diagnostic analysis of irrigation performance indicators comprising of Irrigation Infrastructure System (IIS), Agricultural System (AS), Water Delivery Dynamics (WDD). Since, the performance of an irrigation command varies with space and time, utilization of spatial information technologies viz. Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) useful to provide spatial information on several indices in the process of benchmarking (BM). Information requirements for BIS at different stages, utilization of spatial information technologies to derive irrigation performance indicators was discussed with suitable examples and demonstrated in this study. The studies carried out indicates that the geospatial approach for BIS enabled the improvements in data collection methods, diagnostic analysis, spatio-temporal visualisation of BM indicators at disaggregated canal level which would be useful for decision support during the corrective management measures. The conjunctive use of multi-date (medium resolution) satellite data, high spatial resolution data, field data on water deliveries was found to be an alternative to the conventional non-spatial approaches for BIS and thereby better water resources planning and management.

Clinical Engineering Benchmarking Comparison Between Zhejiang Province and American Hospitals

Clinical engineering(CE) has evolved rapidly over the last 25 years in China. Among the 34 provincial-level administrative units within China, the Zhejiang Province is one of the most advanced in terms of healthcare technology maintenance and management. In order to determine Zhejiang's current stage of development and opportunities for further improvement, a comparison of the performance of its CE departments was made against hospitals in the USA. Data were collected from 21 Zhejiang hospitals and compared to those from 270 acute-care hospitals in USA collected by Truven Health Analytics. The benchmarking comparison was made in three categories: operational, financial, and productivity. Within the operational category, the following metrics were compared: equipment inventory size/operating beds, annual repairs/inventory size, and annual scheduled maintenance/inventory size. Within the Financial category, the following metrics were compared: total CE expense/operating beds and total CE expense/total hospital expense. Within the Productivity category, the following metrics were compared: total CE full-time equivalent(FTE)/inventory size and total CE FTE/total hospital expense. These comparisons showed that:(1) While the equipment inventory in Zhejiang tends to be much smaller than USA for hospitals of comparable amount of operating beds, the numbers of repairs and scheduled maintenance per inventory size are similar;(2) The total CE expense/total hospital expense ratio is around 1% in both Zhejiang and USA; however, the total CE expense/operating beds and total CE expense/cost of equipment inventory are significantly lower in Zhejiang than USA;(3) The FTE amount in Zhejiang is significantly higher than in USA relative to both inventory size and total hospital operating expense, but significantly lower relative to the number of operating beds. The fact that repairs and scheduled maintenance are similar in Zhejiang and USA shows that CE leaders are managing equipment in comparable manner. Most of the differences found in the comparisons were traced to a few factors. First, the average length of stay in China is substantially higher than USA, which explains why hospitals in Zhejiang tend to have more operating beds but fewer pieces of equipment. Second, labor cost is significantly lower in China than USA, thus allowing Zhejiang hospitals to employ more workers than their American counterparts. Third, there is significantly difference in the cost of living between China and USA; Finally, being public entities Chinese hospitals are managed and operated in a different manner than American hospitals, which are mostly private, albeit nonprofit organizations. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note that hospitals in both areas spend roughly 1% of their total expenditure for CE. The results suggest that CE in Zhejiang is comparable to USA in terms of managerial excellence but there could be some room for improvement in financial management and productivity.

Rationale,design and baseline patient characteristics of the optimal type 2 diabetes management including benchmarking and standard treatment study in Greece

AIM:To describe baseline data of the optimal type2 diabetes management including benchmarking and standard treatment(OPTIMISE)study in Greece.METHODS:"Benchmarking"is the process of receiving feedback comparing one’s performance with that of others.The OPTIMISE(NCT00681850)study is a multinational,multicenter study assessing,at a primary care level,whether using"benchmarking"can help to improve the quality of patient care,compared with a set of guideline-based reference values("non-benchmarking").In the Greek region,797 outpatients(457men,mean age 63.8 years)with type 2 diabetes were enrolled by 84 office-based physicians.Baseline characteristics of this population are presented.RESULTS:Hypertension was the most prevalent concomitant disorder(77.3%)and coronary heart disease was the most frequent macrovascular complication of diabetes(23.8%).Most patients were overweight or obese(body mass index 29.6±5 kg/m2),exhibiting mostly abdominal obesity(waist circumference102.6±13.6 cm).Biguanides were the most prevalent prescribed drugs for the management of diabetes(70.1%of all prescriptions),whereas statins(93.5%of all prescriptions)and angiotensin receptor blockers(55.8%of all prescriptions)were the most prevalent prescribed drugs for hyperlipidemia and hypertension,respectively.Only 37.4%of patients were on aspirin.Despite treatment,pre-defined targets for fasting plasma glucose(<110 mg/dL),glycated hemoglobin(<7%),systolic blood pressure(<130 mmHg and<125mmHg for patients with proteinuria)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(<100 mg/dL and<70mg/dL for patients with coronary heart disease)were reached in a relatively small proportion of patients(29%,53%,27%and 31%,respectively).In a Greek population with type 2 diabetes,the control of glycemia or concomitant disorders which increase cardiovascular risk remains poor.CONCLUSION:Despite relevant treatment,there is a poor control of diabetes,hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Greek outpatients with type 2 diabetes.

基于Benchmarking的轿车手动变速器关键指标的分析和评价

以轿车手动变速器评价指标为研究对象,应用Benchmarking技术对同一规格的样机进行评价指标的详细分析,最后采用决策矩阵法进行定性的评价。

The First Benchmarking of ITER BR Nb_3Sn Strand of CNDA

According to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER） Pro- curement Arrangement （PA） of Cable-In-Conduit Conductor （CICC） unit lengths for the Toroidal Field （TF） and Poloidal Field （PF） magnet systems of ITER, at the start of process qualification, the Domestic Agency （DA） shall be required to conduct a benchmarking of the room and low tem- perature acceptance tests carried out at the Strand Suppliers and/or at its Reference Laboratories designated by the ITER Organization （IO）. The first benchmarking was carried out successfully in 2009. Nineteen participants from six DAs （China, European Union, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States） participated in the first benchmarking. Bronze-route （BR） Nb3Sn strand and samples prepared by the ITER reference lab （CERN） were sent out to each participant by CERN. In this paper, the test facility and test results of the first benchmarking by the Chinese DA （CNDA） are presented.

Construction Waste Quantification and Benchmarking： A Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Construction industry is a major contributor of negative impact to the environment. Estimation of construction waste amount is crucial for implementing waste minimization program. Estimation of construction waste amount generated is a mean in assessing the potential for waste reduction. Decision-making should be based on quantified measurements expressed in numerical terms to effectively minimize waste produced. A better understanding of C＆D waste generation in terms of causes and sources can be achieved. Lack of benchmarking will hinder the implementation of more sustainable practices in the industry. The aim of this paper is to establish benchmarks on construction waste generation rate in Klang Valley （greater Kuala Lumpur）, Malaysia using appropriate waste quantification method. Nine projects in Klang Valley constructed between 2006-2010 have been selected for this study, which include residential and commercial building projects conducted by a wide range of contractors employing conventional and IBS systems. Wastage level and waste index approaches had been employed in this study as tools for quantifying waste and also for environmental assessment. Types of waste that generated at significant amount, such as concrete, timber, reinforcement bars, tiles, screeds, and plaster are considered. Other factors, such as waste management provision, Environmental Management System （EMS） employed, record-keeping, contractors＇ profile and other related policies are also assessed by conducting interviews with construction personnel. Based on the findings, overall site-management, size of project, and awareness of waste management among construction personnel are the most significant factors that contribute to construction waste generation. Currently, there is still relatively lack of waste minimization awareness among construction players in Malaysia as reflected by poor waste record-keeping, lack of waste sorting and recycling practice, low usage of IBS systems, and lack of supports from top management, clients, and authorities. The roles of construction authorities are essential in achieving the desired benchmark in waste generation rate for Malaysian context. Construction authorities as the policy maker and enforcer could develop and issue new regulations or incentives to stimulate and encourage waste management practices and the use of green building technology, establishing formally standardized systems in record-keeping of quantitative data, introduce useful guidelines and measures, conduct education and training to achieve sustainability and better environmental awareness among Malaysian construction players.

NAMD Package Benchmarking on the Base of Armenian Grid Infrastructure

The parallel scaling (parallel performance up to 48 cores) of NAMD package has been investigated by estimation of the sensitivity of interconnection on speedup and benchmark results—testing the parallel performance of Myrinet, Infiniband and Gigabit Ethernet networks. The system of ApoA1 of 92 K atoms, as well as 1000 K, 330 K, 210 K, 110 K, 54 K, 27 K and 16 K has been used as testing systems. The Armenian grid infrastructure (ArmGrid) has been used as a main platform for series of benchmarks. According to the results, due to the high performance of Myrinet and Infiniband networks, the ArmCluster system and the cluster located in the Yerevan State University show reasonable values, meanwhile the scaling of clusters with various types of Gigabit Ethernet interconnections breaks down when interconnection is activated. However, the clusters equipped by Gigabit Ethernet network are sensitive to change of system, particularly for 1000 K systems no breakdown in scaling is observed. The infiniband supports in comparison with Myrinet, make it possible to receive almost ideally results regardless of system size. In addition, a benchmarking formula is suggested, which provides the computational throughput depending on the number of processors. These results should be important, for instance, to choose most appropriate amount of processors for studied system.