Bending strength degradation of a cantilever plate with surface energy due to partial debonding at the clamped boundary

This paper investigates the bending fracture problem of a micro/nanoscale cantilever thin plate with surface energy,where the clamped boundary is partially debonded along the thickness direction.Some fundamental mechanical equations for the bending problem of micro/nanoscale plates are given by the Kirchhoff theory of thin plates,incorporating the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory.For two typical cases of constant bending moment and uniform shear force in the debonded segment,the associated problems are reduced to two mixed boundary value problems.By solving the resulting mixed boundary value problems using the Fourier integral transform,a new type of singular integral equation with two Cauchy kernels is obtained for each case,and the exact solutions in terms of the fundamental functions are determined using the PoincareBertrand formula.Asymptotic elastic fields near the debonded tips including the bending moment,effective shear force,and bulk stress components exhibit the oscillatory singularity.The dependence relations among the singular fields,the material constants,and the plate's thickness are analyzed for partially debonded cantilever micro-plates.If surface energy is neglected,these results reduce the bending fracture of a macroscale partially debonded cantilever plate,which has not been previously reported.

Effect of geometrical parameters on forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube in numerical control bending

The forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube during numerical control bending in changing bending angle β, relative bending radius R/D and tube sizes such as diameter D and wall thickness t was clarified by finite element simulation. The results show that the distribution of wall thickness change ratio Δt and cross section deformation ratio ΔD are very similar under different β; the Δt and ΔD decrease with the increase of R/D, and to obtain the qualified bent tube, the R/D must be greater than 2.0; the wall thinning ratio Δto slightly increases with larger D and t, while the wall thickening ratio Δti and ΔD increase with the larger D and smaller t; the Δto and ΔD firstly decrease and then increase, while the Δti increases, for the same D/t with the increase of D and t.

RESEARCH ON T SHAPED HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BIAXIAL BENDING

Based on experiments, a computer program is developed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results. The flexural behavior of T shaped high strength concrete members subjected to axial compression and biaxial bending is studied. The main factors affecting the flexural behavior of T shaped high strength concrete members are loading angle, axial compression ratio and reinforcement ratio.

Interfacial reactions and bending strength of SiC/A356/FeNi50 composite fabricated by gas pressure infiltration

The SiC/A356/FeNi50 composite was fabricated by gas pressure infiltration. The interfacial region of the SiC/A356/FeNi50 composite consisted of FeNi50 reaction layer, A1 reaction layer and A1 alloy matrix. The main intermetallic compounds were （Fe,Ni）a（A1,Sih3 and （Fe,Ni）2（A1,Si）5 at the A1 reaction layer and FeNi50 reaction layer, respectively. The bending behavior versus different infiltration temperatures and holding times was also investigated. The bending strength at 670 ~C was the highest and close to the bending strength of A1 alloy （223 MPa）, and 46% of SIC/A356. The brittle intermetallic compounds existing at the interface induced the decreasing of the bending strength. The pores were reduced by adequate heating time due to the homogeneous temperature of preform, which was beneficial to improve the bending strength of the composite.

Influence of Characteristics on Bending Strength of Layered Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The influence of two main characteristics of steel fiber, the aspect ratio （Df） and volume fraction （ρf）, on the bending strength of Layered Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete （LSFRC） is investigated by using orthogonal test. Via the variance analysis on the experimental results and trend analysis on the two characteristics, Df is found significantly related to the bending strength of LSFRC. The influence ratio is 63.3%. The bending strength of LSFRC increases if Df increases, makes better when Df reaches 100. ρf has ordinary influence on the bending strength of LSFRC. The influence ratio is 29.2%. Other characteristics, such as the shape of steel fiber and the mix proportion, have less influence. The best ρf contributing to the bending strength of LSFRC is 1.5 %. If ρf is greater than 1.5%, it has negative influence on the bending strength of LSFRC. So, ρf makes a limited contribution to the bending strength of LSFRC.

Relationships among Preparative Technique,Phase Composition and Bending Strength of Bauxite Porcelain

Bauxite porcelain can be sintered to make its bending strength reach 179Mpa by using sintered bauxite, clay and potash feldspar and albite as the main raw materials in oxidation atmosphere under the normal pressure. XRD, SEM and so on are utilized to study the relationships between factors like the composition of ingot, reduction particle size and heat insulating time at sintering temperature and the phase composition, microstructure and bending strength of ceramic body. The results show that the main phases in bauxite porcelain are corundum, mullite and glass, and the mullite is composed of two parts： primary mullite formed by clay conversion and secondary mullite whiskers precipitating from high temperature melt. The bending strength of ceramic body can be improved by enhancing the content of sintered bauxite in the formula： the smaller the particle size of the ceramic body is, the higher the bending strength will be. The high-temperature heat insulating technique is beneficial to the precipitation of certain quantitative secondary mullite whiskers so as to remarkably improve the strength of glass phase and ceramic body.

Bending strength and fracture surface topography of natural fiber-reinforced shell for investment casting process

In order to improve the properties of silica sol shell for investment casting process, various contents of cattail fibers were added into the slurry to prepare a fiber-reinforced shell in the present study. The bending strength of fiber-reinforced shell was investigated and the fracture surfaces of shell specimens were observed using SEM. It is found that the bending strength increases with the increase of fiber content, and the bending strength of a green shell with 1.0 wt.% fiber addition increases by 44% compared to the fiber-free shell. The failure of specimens of the fiber-reinforced green shell results from fiber rupture and debonding between the interface of fibers and adhesive under the bending load. The micro-crack propagation in the matrix is inhibited by the micro-holes for ablation of f ibers in specimens of the f iber-reinforced shell during the stage of being fired. As a result, the bending strength of specimens of the fired shell had no significant drop. Particularly, the bending strength of specimens of the fired shell reinforced with 0.6wt.% fiber reached the maximum value of 4.6 MPa.

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Bending Strength of Graphite Flakes/aluminum Composites Via Graphite Surface Modification

The effect of graphite surface modification on the thermal conductivity(TC) and bending strength of graphite flakes/Al composites(Gf/Al) prepared by gas pressure infiltration were investigated. Al3 Ni and Al4C3 phase may form at the interface in Ni-coated Gf/Al and uncoated Gf/Al composites, respectively, while the Al-Cu compound cannot be observed in Cu-coated Gf/Al composites. The Cu and Ni coatings enhance TC and the bending strength of the composites in the meantime. TC of Cu-coated Gf/Al composites reach 515 Wm^-1·K^-1 with 75 vol% Gf, which are higher than that of Ni-coated Gf/Al. Meanwhile, due to Al3 Ni at the interface, the bending strength of Ni-coated Gf/Al composites are far more than those of the uncoated and Cu-coated Gf/Al with the same content of Gf. The results indicate that metal-coated Gf can effectively improve the interfacial bonding between Gf and Al.

Bending Strength and Fracture Behavior of Ni50Mn29Ga21 Alloy with Terbium

The bending strength and fracture behaviors of Ni50Mn29Ga21 alloy with terbium were investigated.The results show that the bending strength of the alloy is increased dramatically with the increase of terbium content.The fracture appearance of the sample without terbium is dominated by grain boundary fracture,while that with terbium is dominated by cleavage fracture with the increase of terbium content.Moreover,the grains are refined obviously and the oxygen content is decreased after adding terbium.

Strength performance of mortise and loose-tenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment

We determined the effects of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions （length and thickness） on bending strength of T-shaped mor- tise and loose-tenon joints. Polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） and two-component polyurethane （PU） adhesives were used to construct joint specimens. The bending moment capacity of joints increased significantly with increased length and thickness of the loose tenon. Bending moment capacity of joints constructed with PU adhesive was approximately 13% higher than for joints constructed with PVAc adhesive. We developed a predictive equation as a function of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions to estimate the strength of the joints constructed of oriental beech （Fagus orientalis L.） under uniaxial bending load.

Bending performance of TRC-strengthened RC beams with secondary load under chloride erosion

Textile reinforced concrete(TRC)has good bearing capacity,crack resistance and corrosion resistance and it is suitable for repairing and reinforcing concrete structures in harsh marine environments.The four-point bending method was used to analyze the influence of the salt concentration,the damage degree and the coupled effect of the environment and load on the bending performance of TRC-strengthened beams with a secondary load.The results showed that as the salt concentration increased,the crack width and mid-span deflection of the beam quickly increased,and its bearing capacity decreased.As the damage degree increased,the early-stage crack development and mid-span deflection of the beam were less affected and the ultimate bearing capacity significantly decreased.In addition,the coupled effect of the environment and load on the beams with a secondary load was significant.As the sustained load increased,the ultimate bearing capacity of the strengthened beam decreased,and cracks developed faster in the later stage.In addition,the mid-span deflection of the beam decreased at the same load level because of the influence of the initial deflection due to the sustained load corrosion.

Effect of Interfacial Strength on Bending Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams

By taking into consideration of meso-scopic level, four-point bending numerical model of different interfaces was established to analyze the effect of interracial strength on the bending properties of reinforced concrete beams with the diagrams of crack pattern, the load- step curve and the cumulative AE- loading step curve. The experimental result shows that the peak load, the cracking load and the stiffness before cracking increase with the interfacial strength. Furthermore, the specimen with strong interface presents high brittleness during the failure process, while both bearing capability and ductility could be found in the specimen with moderate interfacial strength.

The Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Bending Strength of Mortar on the Premise of Equal Compressive Strength

The influence of mineral admixtures on bending strength of mortar on the premise of equal compressive strength was investigated. Three mineral admixtures （fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and steel slag） were used. The adding amount of mineral admixture in this study ranges from 22.5% to 60%, and the water-to-binder ratio ranges from 0.34 to 0.50. With equal compressive strength, different mortars can be arranged in such a descending order with their bending strength： cement-fly ash mortar, cement mortar, cement-GGBS mortar, and cement-steel slag mortar. With the same compressive strength, the higher the steel slag content and water-to-binder ratio, the lower the bending strength of mortars. However, the effect of mineral mixture content and water-to-binder ratio on the bending strength of cement-fly ash mortar and cement-GGBS mortar is far inconspicuous.

Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Bending Strength of Three-Graded Concrete Beam Based on Meso-Mechanics

To study the bending strength of mass concrete under dynamic loading, the pure bending zone of three-graded concrete beam is considered as a three-phase composite composed of matrix, aggregate and interface between them on meso-level. Dynamic constitutive model considering strain-rate strengthening effect and damage softening effect is adopted to describe the cocrete and meso-element's damage. The failure mechanisms of beam under impact loading, triagle wave load, dynamic load coupling with initial static loading were simulated by using displacement-controlled FEM. Furthermore, stress-strain curve of the specimens and their dynamic bending strength were obtained. The results obtained from numerical simulation agreed well with experimental data.

SIZE EFFECT ON THE BENDING AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF MICROMACHINED POLYSILICON FILMS FOR MEMS

The bending strength of microfabricated polysilicon beams was measured by beam bending using a nanoindenter. Also, the tensile strength of microfabricated polysilicon thin ?lms was measured by tensile testing with a new microtensile test device. It was found that the bending strength and tensile strength of polysilicon microstructures exerts size e?ect on the size of the specimens. In such cases, the size e?ect can be traced back to the ratio of surface area to volume as the governing parameter. A statistical analysis of the bending strength for various specimen sizes shows that the average bending strength of polysilicon microcantilever beams is 2.885 ± 0.408 GPa. The measured average value of Young’s modulus, 164 ± 1.2 GPa, falls within the theoretical bounds. The average fracture tensile strength is 1.36 GPa with a standard deviation of 0.14 GPa, and the Weibull modulus is 10.4 -11.7, respectively. The tensile testing of 40 specimens on failure results in a recommendation for design that the nominal strain be maintained below 0.0057.

The Relationship of Microstructure, Density and Bending Strength Properties of Blighia sapida

Wood anatomical structures of various tree species help identify the wood. The characteristics and composition of these structures affect their utilisation. In this work, the microstructure of Blighia sapida a lesser-known Ghanaian hardwood species using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was studied. The relationship between the microstructure and some physical properties such as density, and bending strength were also studied. The anatomical features studied were fibre length, double fibre wall thickness, fibre proportion, vessel diameter and proportion, rays and axial parenchyma proportions. It was observed that the use of SEM in studying the anatomical or ultra-structural aspects of wood gives a clearer understanding of the features and structures found in wood. Anatomical features such as presence of crystals and absence of axial parenchyma in Blighia sapida are reported in the work. The study also established that Blighia sapida had a low water uptake even though it had vessel distribution of 12 vessels/mm2. Having not very distinct axial parenchyma may have accounted for the low water uptake. The presence of occluded pits could also account for the low water uptake and the fibre wall thickness may also account for a medium bending strength of 62.8 N/mm2 at 12% moisture content.

Estimating shear strength of high-level pillars supported with cemented backfilling using the HoekeBrown strength criterion

Deep metal mines are often mined using the high-level pillars with subsequent cementation backfilling(HLSCB)mining method.At the design stage,it is therefore important to have a reasonable method for determining the shear strength of the high-level pillars(i.e.cohesion and internal friction angle)when they are supported by cemented backfilling.In this study,a formula was derived for the upper limit of the confining pressure σ3max on a high-level pillar supported by cemented backfilling in a deep metal mine.A new method of estimating the shear strength of such pillars was then proposed based on the Hoek eBrown failure criterion.Our analysis indicates that the horizontal stress σhh acting on the cemented backfill pillar can be simplified by expressing it as a constant value.A reasonable and effective value for σ3max can then be determined.The value of s3max predicted using the proposed method is generally less than 3 MPa.Within this range,the shear strength of the high-level pillar is accurately calculated using the equivalent MohreCoulomb theory.The proposed method can effectively avoid the calculation of inaccurate shear strength values for the high-level pillars when the original HoekeBrown criterion is used in the presence of large confining pressures,i.e.the situation in which the cohesion value is too large and the friction angle is too small can effectively be avoided.The proposed method is applied to a deep metal mine in China that is being excavated using the HLSCB method.The shear strength parameters of the high-level pillars obtained using the proposed method were input in the numerical simulations.The numerical results show that the recommended level heights and sizes of the high-level pillars and rooms in the mine are rational.

Experimental study on the causes of cracking of high-strength steel during bending

This paper studies the chemical composition, tensile properties, inclusions, metallogrophic structure, and other such parameters to identify the causes of cracking during the bending of high-strength steel. The results show that the major causes of cracking are the original transverse cracks or holes on the surface of the slab and the presence of scales rolled into the cracks or holes. Cold fracturing from such defects is rare, and can be eleminated by enhancing the control of the steelmaking process and by mechanical clean-up of the surface cracks and holes in the slab.

Effect of Grinding and Polishing on the Residual Stress and Bending Strength of a Silicon Nitride Ceramic

The residual stresses on the surface of the d ifferently ground and polished silicon nitride ceramics were measured using X-r ay diffraction and identified by SEM.The effect of the residual stress on the be nding strength was investigated.The investigations show that the grinding proces s can introduce subatantial tensile residual stresses up to 290MPa on the surfac e of silicon nitride ceramics,which has a significant effect on reducing the ben ding strength of the ceramics after grinding.Thus,in comparison with the ceramic s with a rough surface,the ceramics with a mirror image surface may have a lower strength.Polishing can smooth the residual stresses.When we evaluate the qualit y of the ceramic components after grinding,we must take residual stress into con sideration. The grinding methods and grinding conditions must be carefully selec ted in order to get the favorite residual stress as well as the surface smoothne ss.

Enhancing the Interaction of Carbon Nanotubes by Metal-Organic Decomposition with Improved Mechanical Strength and Ultra-Broadband EMI Shielding Performance

The remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have led to promising applications in the field of electromagnetic inter-ference(EMI)shielding.However,for macroscopic CNT assemblies,such as CNT film,achieving high electrical and mechanical properties remains challenging,which heavily depends on the tube-tube interac-tions of CNTs.Herein,we develop a novel strategy based on metal-organic decomposition(MOD)to fabricate a flexible silver-carbon nanotube(Ag-CNT)film.The Ag particles are introduced in situ into the CNT film through annealing of MOD,leading to enhanced tube-tube interactions.As a result,the electrical conductivity of Ag-CNT film is up to 6.82×10^(5) S m^(-1),and the EMI shielding effectiveness of Ag-CNT film with a thickness of~7.8μm exceeds 66 dB in the ultra-broad frequency range(3-40 GHz).The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of Ag-CNT film increase from 30.09±3.14 to 76.06±6.20 MPa(~253%)and from 1.12±0.33 to 8.90±0.97 GPa(~795%),respectively.Moreover,the Ag-CNT film exhibits excellent near-field shield-ing performance,which can effectively block wireless transmission.This innovative approach provides an effective route to further apply macroscopic CNT assemblies to future portable and wearable electronic devices.