The application of a mixture of bentazone(3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide)and atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)is a practical approach to enhance the herbi...The application of a mixture of bentazone(3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide)and atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)is a practical approach to enhance the herbicidal effect.Labo- ratory incubation experiments were performed to study the degradation of bentazone and atrazine applied in combination and individually in maize rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.After a lag phase,the degradation of each individual herbicide in the non-autoclaved soil could be adequately described using a first-order kinetic equation.During a 30-d in- cubation,in the autoclaved rhizosphere soil,bentazone and atrazine did not noticeably degrade,but in the non-autoclaved soil,they rapidly degraded in both non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soils with half-lives of 19.9 and 20.2 d for bentazone and 29.1 and 25.7 d for atrazine,respectively.The rhizosphere effect significantly enhanced the degradation of atrazine, but had no significant effect on bentazone.These results indicated that biological degradation accounted for the degrada- tion of both herbicides in the soil.When compared with the degradation of the herbicide applied alone,the degradation rates of the herbicides applied in combination in the soils were lower and the lag phase increased.With the addition of a surfactant,Tween-20,a reduced lag phase of degradation was observed for both herbicides applied in combination. The degradation rate of bentazone accelerated,whereas that of atrazine remained nearly unchanged.Thus,when these two herbicides were used simultaneously,their persistence in the soil was generally prolonged,and the environmental contamination potential increased.展开更多
Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA ...Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA of Norin 8 and Norin 8m with RAPD technique. Among which, five primers produced seven polymorphic RAPD bands between Norin 8 and Norin 8m. Amplified RAPD polymorphic products were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were used to design primers for PCR. Five SCAR markers, SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948, SCAR/D10/1237 and SCAR/F03/1186, were developed from OPG18/943, OPG18/972, OPD10/1248 and OPF03/1198. F-2 progeny of 320 individuals was analyzed to map SCAR markers in relationship to ben or Ben genes. SCAR markers of SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948 were shown to cosegregate with ben or Ben genes, and SCAR/D10/1237 to be linked of Ben gene with a distance of (14.8 +/- 2.1) cM. The genetic linkage to ben gene and SCAR markers was identified by a pair of near isogenic lines H121 and Hben121. Southern blotting analysis and segregation ratio of F-2 progeny revealed that OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were single-copy in genome, and locus of OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were allelic and sequence tagged sites. It is the first report on molecular markers linked to ben or Ben genes. The markers are useful to marker-assisted selection for the breeding and tag ben gene with map-based cloning.展开更多
The seed production of male and female parent of ‘Hunzhi 1＇ contained bentazon susceptible gene was studied. The result showed that spraying 3. 375 L/hm2 48% bentazon aqua could control the self-pollinated fertiliza...The seed production of male and female parent of ‘Hunzhi 1＇ contained bentazon susceptible gene was studied. The result showed that spraying 3. 375 L/hm2 48% bentazon aqua could control the self-pollinated fertilization rate below 1.0% and survival plant rate was 0. The spray of bentazon would not influence MC526 pollen vitality. Seed setting rate of female parent was not obvious different from that of control group with spraying bentazon aqua more than 3. 375 L/hm^2 from the sprouting appearing period to full heading stage. This demonstrated that bentazon aqua had no influence on seed setting rate during florescence of female parent. The weight ratio between male parent seeds and female parent seeds was 1 to 5, then seeds from parents with that weight ratio would be mixedly planted for seed production. With this weight ratio, relative proper structure of panicle and grain would be obtained ,panicle ratio was 1 to 4.3, glumous flowers ratio was 1 to 3.5. Cross seed-setting rate of female parent was 72.6% and seed production per hm^2 was 66 000 kg.展开更多
In progenies resulting from crosses involving rice cultivar Norin 8m susceptible to bentazon as the donor of ben gene, SCARs tightly linked to ben were utilized for selection of ben. The homozygous and heterozygous ge...In progenies resulting from crosses involving rice cultivar Norin 8m susceptible to bentazon as the donor of ben gene, SCARs tightly linked to ben were utilized for selection of ben. The homozygous and heterozygous genotypes with ben could be identified with the SCARs. The molecular markers offer a powerful tool for indirect selection of ben and can accelerate the introgression of ben into current rice cultivars.展开更多
New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the...New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.展开更多
Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to d...Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 in dry bean. Bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha–1. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. Bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2004K03-G3)the Scientific Research Fund of the Department of Education of Shaanxi ProvinceChina(No.04JK234)
文摘The application of a mixture of bentazone(3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide)and atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)is a practical approach to enhance the herbicidal effect.Labo- ratory incubation experiments were performed to study the degradation of bentazone and atrazine applied in combination and individually in maize rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.After a lag phase,the degradation of each individual herbicide in the non-autoclaved soil could be adequately described using a first-order kinetic equation.During a 30-d in- cubation,in the autoclaved rhizosphere soil,bentazone and atrazine did not noticeably degrade,but in the non-autoclaved soil,they rapidly degraded in both non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soils with half-lives of 19.9 and 20.2 d for bentazone and 29.1 and 25.7 d for atrazine,respectively.The rhizosphere effect significantly enhanced the degradation of atrazine, but had no significant effect on bentazone.These results indicated that biological degradation accounted for the degrada- tion of both herbicides in the soil.When compared with the degradation of the herbicide applied alone,the degradation rates of the herbicides applied in combination in the soils were lower and the lag phase increased.With the addition of a surfactant,Tween-20,a reduced lag phase of degradation was observed for both herbicides applied in combination. The degradation rate of bentazone accelerated,whereas that of atrazine remained nearly unchanged.Thus,when these two herbicides were used simultaneously,their persistence in the soil was generally prolonged,and the environmental contamination potential increased.
文摘Rice cultivar Norin 8 and its mutant Norin 8m harbour bentazon resistance trait and bentazon susceptibility trait respectively. A total of 360 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the genomic DNA of Norin 8 and Norin 8m with RAPD technique. Among which, five primers produced seven polymorphic RAPD bands between Norin 8 and Norin 8m. Amplified RAPD polymorphic products were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were used to design primers for PCR. Five SCAR markers, SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948, SCAR/D10/1237 and SCAR/F03/1186, were developed from OPG18/943, OPG18/972, OPD10/1248 and OPF03/1198. F-2 progeny of 320 individuals was analyzed to map SCAR markers in relationship to ben or Ben genes. SCAR markers of SCAR/G18/883, SCAR/G18/890, SCAR/G18/919/948 were shown to cosegregate with ben or Ben genes, and SCAR/D10/1237 to be linked of Ben gene with a distance of (14.8 +/- 2.1) cM. The genetic linkage to ben gene and SCAR markers was identified by a pair of near isogenic lines H121 and Hben121. Southern blotting analysis and segregation ratio of F-2 progeny revealed that OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were single-copy in genome, and locus of OPG18/943 and OPG18/972 were allelic and sequence tagged sites. It is the first report on molecular markers linked to ben or Ben genes. The markers are useful to marker-assisted selection for the breeding and tag ben gene with map-based cloning.
基金Supported by the Important Science and Technology Key Project of An-hui Eleventh-five Year Plan(06003010B)the International Cooperation Program of Anhui Province(06088013)~~
文摘The seed production of male and female parent of ‘Hunzhi 1＇ contained bentazon susceptible gene was studied. The result showed that spraying 3. 375 L/hm2 48% bentazon aqua could control the self-pollinated fertilization rate below 1.0% and survival plant rate was 0. The spray of bentazon would not influence MC526 pollen vitality. Seed setting rate of female parent was not obvious different from that of control group with spraying bentazon aqua more than 3. 375 L/hm^2 from the sprouting appearing period to full heading stage. This demonstrated that bentazon aqua had no influence on seed setting rate during florescence of female parent. The weight ratio between male parent seeds and female parent seeds was 1 to 5, then seeds from parents with that weight ratio would be mixedly planted for seed production. With this weight ratio, relative proper structure of panicle and grain would be obtained ,panicle ratio was 1 to 4.3, glumous flowers ratio was 1 to 3.5. Cross seed-setting rate of female parent was 72.6% and seed production per hm^2 was 66 000 kg.
基金This work was supported by grants from Anhui Province Natura1 Science Foundation(0004111O).
文摘In progenies resulting from crosses involving rice cultivar Norin 8m susceptible to bentazon as the donor of ben gene, SCARs tightly linked to ben were utilized for selection of ben. The homozygous and heterozygous genotypes with ben could be identified with the SCARs. The molecular markers offer a powerful tool for indirect selection of ben and can accelerate the introgression of ben into current rice cultivars.
文摘New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.
文摘Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 in dry bean. Bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha–1. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. Bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.
