Insight into the experiment and extraction mechanism for separating carbazole from anthracene oil with quaternary ammonium-based deep eutectic solvents

Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in chemical engineering.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable green separation solvent have been proposed for the separation of carbazole from model anthracene oil.In this research,three quaternary ammonium-based DESs were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC),tetrabutylammonium bromide or choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors.To explore their extraction performance of carbazole,the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to predict the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ^(∞)) of carbazole in DESs,and the result indicated TBAC:EG (1:2) had the stronger extraction ability for carbazole due to the higher capacity at infinite dilution (C^(∞)) value.Then,the separation performance of these three DESs was evaluated by experiments,and the experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction results.The TBAC:EG (1:2) was determined as the most promising solvent.Additionally,the extraction conditions of TBAC:EG (1:2) were optimized,and the extraction efficiency,distribution coefficient and selectivity of carbazole could reach up to 85.74%,30.18 and 66.10%,respectively.Moreover,the TBAC:EG (1:2) could be recycled by using environmentally friendly water as antisolvent.In addition,the separation performance of TBAC:EG (1:2) was also evaluated by real crude anthracene,the carbazole was obtained with purity and yield of 85.32%,60.27%,respectively.Lastly,the extraction mechanism was elucidated byσ-profiles and interaction energy analysis.Theoretical calculation results showed that the main driving force for the extraction process was the hydrogen bonding ((N–H...Cl) and van der Waals interactions (C–H...O and C–H...π),which corresponding to the blue and green isosurfaces in IGMH analysis.This work presented a novel method for separating carbazole from crude anthracene oil,and will provide an important reference for the separation of other high value-added products from coal tar.

Charge Transport Properties of Tetrabenz[a,c,h,j]-anthracene Derivatives

Charge transport properties of F, OH, OCH3, SH and SCH3-substituted tetra- benz[a,c,h,j]- anthracene derivative molecules have been investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/6-31G＊＊ level using Marcus theory. The results showed that at 300 K, the hole or electron transport capability of F or SH-substituted molecules was better obviously than that of OH or OCH3-substituted molecules, The electron transport capability of SCH3-substituted and F or SH-substituted molecules was superior to their hole transport capability, respectively. F, SH or SCH3-substituted tetrabenz[a,c,h,j]-anthracene derivative molecules can be used as electron transport materials.

Pilot Test of Preparing 2-Alkylanthraquinone Using Alkylation-Oxidation Technology

To expedite the development of industrial technology for producing 2-alkylanthraquinone,a novel pilot test of alkylation-oxidation technology was conducted.The process mainly included anthracene alkylation,separation of anthracene and 2-alkylanthracene,oxidation of 2-alkylanthracene,and product purification.Optimal alkylation conditions yielded a 91.1%conversion of anthracene and a 71.73%selectivity for 2-alkylanthracene.To address the separation problem of anthracene and 2-alkylanthracene,solvent-assisted distillation technology was developed,resulting in a 98.9%purity of 2-alkylanthracene and a 91.82%separation yield.When the molar ratio of H2O_(2) to 2-alkylanthracene was 7:1,a 98.96%conversion of 2-alkylanthracene and a 99.94%selectivity for 2-alkylanthraquinone were achieved.A novel composition of 2-alkylanthraquinone,including 2-tert-butylanthraquinone,2-tert-amylanthraquinone,and 2-hexylanthraquinone,was developed.This composition could be effectively separated and purified through a combination of crystallization and washing processes.The elemental composition of the product met the existing standards,and its hydrogenation performance closely matched that of commercially available 2-tert-amylanthraquinone products.

Establishment and evaluation of a mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7, 12-dimethyl-benzodiazepine [a] anthracene at high dose

Objective: To establish a mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma induced by high dose 7, 12-dimethyl-benzodiazepine [a] anthracene, and to provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of skin squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 36 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively is: the high dose group (group A), low dose group (group B), and blank control group (group c), recorded in the process of building body weight in mice, and skin changes back, local skin tissue for building after HE staining of PCNA immunohistochemical staining, and the expression of PCNA positive staining level as reflected in mice skin squamous cell carcinoma of the malignant indicators, using the Image Pro Plus calculation PCNA staining of integral optical density (IOD) and positive area, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: at 12 weeks, there were statistically significant differences in tumor number and tumor volume between group A and group B (P<0.05), and the tumor bearing rate was up to 83.3% and 66.7%, and the incidence of SCC was up to 75% and 33.3%. Immunohistochemical analysis showed statistical differences in IOD and positive area of mice in groups A, B and C (P<0.01). Conclusion: compared with the mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma established by the traditional two-stage protocol, this model has the characteristics of shorter experimental period, higher tumor formation rate and easier operation, providing a reliable experimental basis for the study of skin squamous cell carcinoma.

Interlayer Energy Transfer from Naphthalene to Anthracene Chromophores Organized in Langmuir-Blodgett Films

Interlayer energy transfer between 2, 3-naphtho-10-hexadecylaza-15-crown-5 (NC16) and N-[1-(9-methoxyanthryl)]decylaza-15-crown-5 (A10C) within multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett films has been studied by steady-state fluorescence spectra. The donor and acceptor could be separated precisely by inserting stearic acid (SA) spacers. The efficiency of the energy transfer increases with the decrease in the donor-acceptor distance by a quadratic manner, suggesting the donor excitations are delocalized in the layer.

Isolation and purification of carbazole contained in anthracene slag by extraction combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.

Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene by N,N-Diethylaniline and Phenothiazine in Triton X-100/n-C_(10)H_(21) OH/H_2O Microemulsion

The photo-induced electron transfer reactions of anthracene with N,N -diethylaniline(DEA) and phenothiazine(PTZ) occur in the membrane phase of a Triton X-100/ n -C 10 H 21 OH(1-decanol)/H 2O microemulsion. DEA and PTZ exist in the membrane phase of the microemulsion. Anthracene exists in the oil continuous phase of the W/O microemulsion and in the oil core and membrane phase of the O/W microemulsion.

Benz定理和赋2-范空间上的Aleksandrov问题

本文首先介绍了定理在去掉了“是严格凸的和”两个条件仍然成立[1]。其后我们通过改变文献[1]中的空间类型,弱化了定理中的条件,得到在2-范空间和n-范空间结论仍然成立,并且使得文献[1]中定理2.1成为本文定理2.3的推论。

Electrocarboxylation of Anthrone to Anthracene-9-carboxylic Acid in the Presence of CO_2

Electrocarboxylation of anthrone in the presence of CO2 to anthrance-9-carboxylic acid directly was carried out. The electroreduction behavior of anthrone was examined by cyclic voltammetry in the absence and presence of CO2. Then the influences of the supporting electrolytes, temperature, electrode material and anthrone concentration on the carboxylation yield were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, anthrancene-9-carboxylic acid was obtained in a good yield（96.1%）.

The biological potency of benzapyrene in the humates composition

The aim of the paper was to determine benz(a)-pyrene in the preparations containing humates and study the benz(a)pyrene biological potency for the agricultural plants. The research methodology included the determination of the dependencies in the system “substance concentration (dose)—effect on the plant”. Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene in 12 samples of the humates preparations and fertilizers based on their trademarks “Irkutsk humates”, obtained from brown coal, varied in the range from 0.3 to 50 mcg/kg, which creates no soil contamination in conditions of the use of preparations. Between contents of benz(a)pyrene and humates there is a correlation (rxy = 0.95;α = 0.05). It is ascertained that the effects of stimulation and/or inhibition of the growth and yield of agricultural plants depend on the concentration of benz(a)pyrene and the method of plant processing. Optimal concentrations of benz(a)pyrene were 150-200 ng/dm3 for preplant way of processing of potato tubers, 3-10 ng/dm3—for top dressing (spraying) and 0.1-0.3 ng/dm3—for dressing under the roots (hydroponic). The obtained results allowed us to offer one of the possible mechanisms of biological potency of humates as the plant growth stimulants, and also a way testing of the preparations by screening of their benz(a)pyrene content.

A Two-dimensional Anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylate Zinc(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on Binuclear [Zn_2Cl_2] Nodes: Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescent Properties

A two-dimensional（2D） 44 topological ZnⅡ coordination polymer {[Zn2Cl2（L）（4bpy）2]}∞（H2L = anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylic acid, 4bpy = 4,4ˊ-bipyridine） based on binuclear [Zn2Cl2] nodes has been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the luminescent properties of the correspon- ding compound have been briefly investigated.

Effect of Anthracene on the Interaction Between Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Heterosigma akashiwo in Laboratory Cultures

Two species of marine phytoplankton, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Heterosigma akashiwo, were cultivated in bi-algal cultures to investigate the effect of anthracene(ANT) on the interaction between them. Without ANT, H. akashiwo out-competed P. helgolandica at low initial biomass ratios(P. helgolandica(P): H. akashiwo(H) = 1:4 and 1:1), but not at the highest(P:H = 4:1). This observation was consistent with the description in Lotka-Volterra two species competition model. It was found that P. helgolandica was excluded at low initial biomass ratios, while the unstable equilibrium between two species was predicted at the highest. For both species, carrying capacity and maximal specific growth rate decreased in bi-algal cultures compared to those in monocultures. H. akashiwo exhibited a higher sensitivity to ANT than P. helgolandica. This resulted markedly in a reduced cell density of H. akashiwo but an increased cell density of P. helgolandica. Carrying capacity of P. helgolandica was consistently higher in bi-algal cultures with ANT than those without ANT, suggesting that ANT, through the elimination of H. akashiwo, generated the dominance of P. helgolandica independently of initial biomass ratios. This study showed a density-dependent effect of harmful alga(H. akashiwo) on dietary alga(P. helgolandica), and indicated that ocean pollutant ANT could induce the succession of marine phytoplankton.

两个蒽基Au(Ⅰ)配合物[Au(anbdtim)_(2)]PF_(6)和[Au(anbdtim)_(2)][Au(CN)_(2)]的结构调控和发光转换

合成了2个蒽基配合物[Au(anbdtim)_(2)]PF_(6)(1)和[Au(anbdtim)_(2)][Au(CN)_(2)](2),其中anbdtim=2-蒽基-4,5-双(2,5-二甲基(3-噻吩基))-1-甲基咪唑。它们含有不同的抗衡阴离子,1中的为PF_(6)^(-),2中的为[Au(CN)_(2)]^(-)。这导致2个配合物在溶液和固态中都表现出显著不同的荧光。在CH_(2)Cl_(2)溶液中,配合物1和2的荧光发射波长分别为465和445 nm。在固态,1和2的荧光发射波长分别为450和478 nm。有趣的是,配合物2对苯分子很敏感,它在苯中的荧光发射波长为475 nm(量子产率Φ=66.5%),在CH_(2)Cl_(2)中为448 nm(Φ=22.9%)。此外,我们利用配合物2的苯溶液蒸发制备了蓝绿色发光固体2-benzene。当交替地除去和再次加入苯,固体2-benzene的荧光发射在蓝绿色(491 nm)和钢蓝色(460 nm)之间可逆地转换。在实验结果的基础上,我们讨论了抗衡阴离子和苯分子对1和2的发光行为的影响。

ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOCHEMICAL VALENCE ISOMERIZATION IN ANTHRACENE AND NORBORNADIENE SYSTEMS

To harvest the sun light and to promote the amount of energy stored,a new binary compound which links a sensitizer(electron donor), anthracene,and substrate(electron acceptor),norbornadiene,in a non- conjugated manner without increase in molecular weight was synthesized.The inter-and intramolecular photosensitized isomerization and the mechanism were studied.

一车两张脸——2008 Mercedes Benz C-Class

七年磨一剑，2007年1月19日，戴姆勒-克莱斯勒于德国斯图加特总部正式发布了大家期待已久的2008款C级奔驰轿车，在安全性，舒适性和操控性方面树立了新标准，其最惹人瞩目的地方还在于它同时拥有两张脸。

EPR Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Transannular Peroxide of Anthracene

Thermal decomposition of transannular peroxide of anthracene (POA) (or 9,10-epidioxido anthracene) was studied by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) in the solid as well as in the liquid phases. Decomposition process proceeds via cleavage of the O-O bridge of the POA molecule, generating thus an alcoxy intermediate radical. Its concentration increases to a certain equilibrium stage during the time scale of the experiment. EPR spectra in the solid state were of the singlet type at the temperatures over 350 K, a doublet like anisotropic spectra were measured at the room temperature, both having g-value 2.0033. EPR spectrum from POA decomposed in benzene indicates four protons with higher (2aH = 0.305 mT, 2aH = 0.335 mT) and four protons with a lower (2aH = 0.075 mT, 2aH = 0.105 mT) splitting constants, corresponding well the radical expected after cleavage of O-O bridge.

天使与魔鬼 MERCEDES-BENZ SLS AMG BLACK SERIES

它拥有天使的外表，也拥有魔鬼的速度，它就是奔驰SLSAMG Black Series，一款被打上‘黑色’烙印的AMG车型，一款集万千‘宠爱’于一身的经典车型。

A Novel Palladium(Ⅱ)Complex Self-assembled from Anthracene-9-carboxylic Acid:Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties

A novel palladium（II） complex [（TMEDA）Pd（anca）2].2DMSO （1, TMEDA = N,N,N＇,N＇-tetramethylethylethylenediamine, anca = anthracene-9-carboxylic acid） was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cell belongs to orthorhombic Aba2 space group with a = 19.698（7）, b = 21.045（7） c = 9.062（3） A, Z = 4, V= 3757（2） A3, C40H46N206PdS2, Mr = 821.31, D, = 1.452 g/cm3, F（000） = 1704, the final R = 0.0272, wR = 0.0667 and GOOF = 0.999. Complex 1 exhibits an interesting distorted clip-shaped molecular configuration which is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The cells are packed into a 3D supramolecular structure based on the intermolecular C-H...zr interactions which further construct the tubular channels serving as guest molecular channels to include the DMSO solvent molecules inside. Furthermore, the spectroscopic properties of 1 were also investigated.

天空，所欲也——BENZ E350 CABRIOLET ＆ BMW 3-SERIES CONVERTIBLE

选择敞蓬轿车，是对自我欲望的一种表现，其中也无不透露出我们对自由生活的极度渴望。玩酷之余甚至忽略了，不够清新的空气以及全年不到四分之一的开启。顶篷季节，抑制了它们的生命力。

长度与气度：MERCEDES－BENZ E300L＆HYUNDAI EQUUS

奔驰 E300L 其实汽车的长度用毫米来计算是有些讲究的，试想一下，如果我们的长城用毫米来测量，得出的结果一定会让你惊讶的甩丢下巴。这就是计量单位的迷惑性。当然，你也别认为毫米这个计量单位小，当我得知奔驰E300L加长140mm借此跨入“五米车”之列时。我终于明白，其实，也许只要那么一点点的长度，气度就会变得和以前完全不一样。