Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids

The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality.Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO_(2) under economic and sustainable conditions.Recently,the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids,which can effectively alleviate CO_(2) emissions and create high-value chemicals.The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO_(2) conversion into carboxylic acids through photo-,electric-,and thermal catalysis.Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level,inspiring the preparation of high-performance catalysts.In addition,theoretical calculations,advanced technologies,and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity.Finally,challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field.It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.

AAV mediated carboxyl terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein overexpression mitigates the cognitive and pathological phenotypes of APP/PS1 mice

The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Amine-functionalized metal organic framework@graphene oxide as filler in PAEK-containing carboxyl group membrane for ultrafiltration with ultra-high permeability and strong fouling resistance

Achieving high fouling resistance and permeability using membrane separation technology in water treatment processes remains a challenge.In this work,a novel mixed-matrix membrane(MMM)(poly(arylene ether ketone)[PAEK]-containing carboxyl groups[PAEK-COOH]/UiO-66-NH_(2)@graphene oxide[GO])with superb fouling resistance and high permeability was prepared by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation method,by in-situ growth of UiO-66-NH_(2) on the GO layer,and by preparing hydrophilic PAEK-COOH.On the basis of the structure and performance analysis of the MMM,the maximum water flux reached 591.25 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1) for PAEK-COOH/UiO-66-NH_(2)@GO,whereas the retention rate for bovine serum albumin increased from 85.40%to 94.87%.As the loading gradually increased,the hydrophilicity of the MMMs increased,significantly enhancing their fouling resistance.The strongest anti-fouling ability observed was 94.74%,which was 2.02 times greater than that of the pure membrane.At the same time,the MMMs contained internal amide and hydrogen bonds during the preparation process,forming a cross-linked structure,which further enhanced the mechanical strength and chemical stability.In summary,the MMMs with high retention rate,strong permeability,and anti-fouling ability were successfully prepared.

一个新的三维超分子配位聚合物[Ni(pyridine-2-carboxylate)2]n·2nH2O的水热合成及晶体结构

采用水热法合成了一个新的金属-有机配位聚合物[Ni(pyridine-2-carboxylate)2]n.2nH2O,对其进行元素分析、红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射测定.结构分析表明:该晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=5.1284(6)nm,b=7.6346(9)nm,c=9.2295(11)nm,α=74.902(2)°,β=84.347(2)°,γ=71.442(2)°,V=330.70(7)nm3,化学式为C12H12NiN2O6,Mr=338.95,Dc=1.702g/cm3,μ(Mo,Kα)=1.497mm-1,F(000)=174,Z=1,R=0.0333,wR=0.0384((I>2σ(I)).并且该配合物通过O—H…O和C—H…O氢键形成了三维超分子网状结构.

Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior in Cement Paste

Molecular structures of polycarboxylate（PCE） superplasticizer significantly affect the rheological properties of cement paste. Consequently, we employed self-synthesized PCE copolymers with different carboxylic densities to investigate their influence on the rheological behavior of cement paste. Three typical rheological models were applied to analyze the rheological properties, including Power-law model, Bingham model as well as Herschel-Buikley model. In addition, the thixotropical performances of cement paste in the presence of PCE with different carboxylic densities were investigated. The results show that the carboxylic density of PCE greatly influences the dispersing performance of PCE superplasticizers. As carboxylic density increases, the dispersing capability of PCE improves, and P（PEG1-AA6） possesses the strongest dispersing capability, the initial fluidity and 1 h fluidity of cement paste are both the highest, and cement paste has the lowest viscosity and the smallest hysteresis loop.

Simultaneous quantification of prodrug oseltamivir and its metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate in human plasma by LC-MS/MS to support a bioequivalence study

A simple, precise and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate, a neuraminidase inhibitor, using their deuterated analogs as internal standards （ISs）. The method involved solid phase extraction of the analytes and ISs from 200 μL human plasma with no reconstitution and drying steps. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Symmetry C18 （100 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm） column using 10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile （30：70, v/v） as the mobile phase in a run time of 2.0 min. Quantitation of analytes and ISs were done by multiple reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the positive ionization mode. The linearity of the method was established in the concentration range of 0.5-200 ng/mL and 2.0-800 ng/mL for oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate respectively. The mean extraction recovery for oseltamivir （94.4%） and oseltamivir carboxylate （92.7%） from spiked plasma samples was consistent and reproducible. The application of this method was demonstratedby a bioequivalence study in 42 healthy Indian subjects with 75 mg oseltamivir phosphate capsules. The assay reproducibility was established by reanalysis of 151 incurred subject samples.

Dispersion of Co-poly Carboxylate Superplasticizer Containing Poiyether Side Chain

Free radical co-polymerization was employed to synthesize co-poly carboxylate (PC) superplasticizers with different amount of carboxyl and methyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) side chain.Dispersion ability and retention of PC were compared with one another. The results show that increase of side chain is advantageous to dispersion, but it decreases when amount of MPEG is beyond a certain value which is different with the proportion of carboxyl. If the amount of carboxyl increases, the influence of side chain in copolymer on dispersion diminishes. Polyether side chain is advantageous to retention. And the author explained the mechanism of PC using the theory of steric repulsive force.

Nano-sized carboxylates as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Nano-sized caiboxylales Na2C7H3NO4 and Na2C6H2N2O4 were prepared and investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Both carboxylates exhibit high reversible capacities around 190 mAh/g above a cut-off voltage of 0.8 V vs.Li＋/Li.potentially improving the safety of the batteries.In addition,good rate performance and long cycle life of these carboxylates make them promising candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Effect of alkyl chain length on the thermophysical properties of pyridinium carboxylates

In the present study, new series of pyridinium carboxylate protic ionic liquids(PILs) were synthesized by pairing pyridinium cation with carboxylate anion from C_1–C_3 forming pyridinium formate([C_5H_6N^+][HCOO^-]),pyridinium acetate([C_5H_6N^+][CH_3COO^-]) and pyridinium propionate([C_5H_6N^+][CH_3CH_2COO^-]) respectively.The physical properties namely, density, viscosity, surface tension(298.15–343.15) K, and refractive index(293.15–323.15) K were measured. Thermal properties namely, glass transition temperature, molar heat capacity, and thermal decomposition temperatures were also determined. The thermal expansivity was calculated using the experimental density data. The effect of increasing the alkyl chain length on the thermophysical properties of the pyridinium carboxylate PILs has been evaluated. As expected the physical properties i.e. density,viscosity, surface tension and refractive index of the investigated pyridinium carboxylates decreased with increasing temperature. In general pyridinium carboxylate PILs possessed low viscosity, high thermal stability and excellent hydrogen bonding capability, and these properties lead them to outperform conventional solvents employed for lignin dissolution.

An Interpenetrated Three-dimensional Framework Sodium Lanthanide Carboxylate Based on[Ho_4(μ_3-OH)_4]^(8+) Cluster

A novel sodium holmium carboxylate compound,namely Na 4 Ho 4 （μ 3-OH） 4 （1,4BDC） 6 ·6.25H 2 O （1,1,4-BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate）,has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized.The structure features a two-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional open-framework constructed by the [Ho 4 （μ 3-OH） 4 ] 8＋ clusters bridged by 1,4-BDC ligands.The Na ＋ ions and lattice water molecules are located in the channels.The structure is further stabilized by hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions.The thermal stability of the compound has been investigated via thermogravimetric analysis.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Co Metal-organic Framework with Mixed Dicarboxylate and Tricarboxylate Ligands

One new mixed-ligand coordination polymer,namely[Co2（btc）（bpdc）（0.5）（py）3]n（1）,was hydrothermally synthesized using biphenyl-2,4,4＇-tricarboxylic acid（H3btc） as a main building block,along with two auxiliary ligands（H2bpdc = 2,2＇-bipyridine-5,5＇-dicarboxylic acid and py =pyridine）.The product 1 was characterized by IR spectroscopy,elemental,thermogravimetric,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that compound 1 possesses an intricate 3D metal-organic framework based on tetracobalt（Ⅱ） units.Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates that compound 1 shows an antiferromagnetic coupling between the Co（Ⅱ） ions.

Influence of ligand architecture on the structure of coordination centre in dimeric europium carboxylates with 1,10-phenanthroline

Methods of optical spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography data were used to examine the effect of architecture of carboxylate anions on structure of the Eu3＋ coordination centre in europium earboxylates with 1,10-phenanthroline Eu（RCOO）3·Phen. Luminescence spectra of europium acetate, nitropropionate, benzoate, naphthylcarboxylates, phenylacetates, phenoxyacetate, triphenylpropionate were investigated. A few of europium carboxylates with 2,2＇-bipyridine Eu（RCOO）3·Bpy and europium salts Eu（RCOO）3·nH2O were also studied. Vibrational IR and Raman spectra of phenylacetate family were analyzed. The crystal structure of nitropropionate Eu（NO2C2H4COO）3·Phen was solved by X-my diffraction method. The predominant influence of steric hindrances on Eu^3＋ coordination centre was observed at increase of the size of aromatic flagment of carboxylate anions. It was demonstrated, that introduction of the methylene bridges between the carboxylic group and aromatic rings of ligand weakens the effect of steric factor.

Simultaneous Extraction of Carboxylated Celulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils via Citric Acid Hydrolysis--A Sustainable Route

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) with surface carboxylic groups were prepared from bleached softwood pulp by hydrolysis with concentrated citric acid at concentrations of 60 wt%~80 wt%. The solid residues from acid hydrolysis were collected for producing cellulose nanofibrils(CNF) via post high-pressure homogenization. Citric acid could be easily recovered after hydrolysis reactions through crystallization due to its low water solubility or through precipitation as a calcium salt followed by acidification. Several important properties of CNC and CNF, such as dimension, crystallinity, surface chemistry, thermal stability, were evaluated. Results showed that the obtained CNC and CNF surfaces contained carboxylic acid groups that facilitated functionalization and dispersion in aqueous processing. The recyclability of citric acid and the carboxylated CNC/CNF give the renewable cellulose nanomaterial huge potential for a wide range of industrial applications. Furthermore, the resultant CNC and CNF were used as reinforcing agents to make sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) films. Both CNC and CNF showed reinforcing effects in CMC composite films. The tensile strength of CMC films increased by 54.3% and 85.7% with 10 wt% inclusion of CNC and CNF, respectively. This study provides detailed information on carboxylated nanocellulose prepared by critic acid hydrolysis; a sustainable approach for the preparation of CNC/CNF is of significant importance for their various uses.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of new Tri(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)tin Carboxylates containing Germanium

Eight tri(2-methyl-2-phznylpropyl) germylpropionates have been synthesized. and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR(H-1,C-13.Sn-119) and MS. The spectroscopic studies revealed that compounds of this type possess a tetrahedral geometry, which have been expected to have good biological activity.

PREPARATION,IDENTIFICATION AND INTERFACIAL ACTIVITIES OF PETROLEUM CARBOXYLATE AS SURFACTANT FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING

Petroleum carboxylate that may be suitable for tertiary oil recovery have been produced inexpensively from the fractions of Daqing crude oil by a two step process.The feed stock was first oxidized in the vapor phase,followed by reaction of the oxidized products with sodium hydroxide.Dilute solutions of sodium carboxylates were produced and show ultralow(10^(-2)mN/m)interfacial tensions(IFTs)against a variety of hydrocarbons with a wide range of ACN(Alkane Carbon Number).Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in the oxidized and the saponified products.

Quantum chemical descriptors based QSAR modeling of neodymium carboxylate catalysts for coordination polymerization of isoprene

Based on the quantum chemical descriptors and the activities for isoprene polymerization of 12 neodymium carboxylates obtained by authors’earlier work,statistical analysis of data was made and a QSAR model correlating the quantum chemical descriptors and the activity was built with the partial least square(PLS)approach.The model is:A=51602εHOMO+6σ+12546,which indicates that the catalytic activity A is positively correlated with the HOMO energyεHOMOand the ligand polarizabilityσ,with the contribution ofσbeing larger,εHOMO smaller.The model’s coefficient of determination r^2=0.96 and that of cross validation q^2=0.94,both being close to 1,which means that its quality is well and its predictive power is strong.Analysis of the modeling process and the resulted QSAR model,together with the interpretation of the model’s mechanism,also shows that the model obtained from this study is valid and reliable.According to the QSAR model,the mechanism of catalyst activity can be interpreted as that neodymium carboxylates with higher HOMO energy and larger ligand polarizability are easier to react with the co-catalysts so as to produce more active and stable centers of catalyst,resulting in a higher activity.

Purifying chylous plasma by precluding triglyceride via carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane

Precluding the excessive lipoproteins from plasma rapidly and effectively is highly needed for biomedical detection and reducing plasma product scrap in blood donation stations.The current centrifugation procedure is high-cost and time-consuming.Herein,we fabricated an anionic microfiltration polyethersulfone(PES)membrane modified by interface swelling and implanting of acrylic acid(AA)for screening out large particle lipoprotein chylomicron(CM)and adsorbing cationic very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL).To improve the separation efficiency,a two-stage filtration through carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes with the mean pore size of 0.45 and 0.22μm respectively were conducted.Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared technique(ATR-FTIR),water contact angle(WCA),Zeta potential and scanning electron microscope(SEM)were employed to characterize the modified membrane.To test the effectiveness of this membrane,plasma flux and concentration variation of plasma components were examined to study the purification effectiveness.Furthermore,the hemocompatibility of modified membranes was tested to confirm its practicability on bloodcontacting materials.The carboxylated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane shows its promising potential application to purify chylous plasma.

INTERACTION OF COMPONENTS IN PETROLEUM CARBOXYLATE/ALKALINE/HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE FLOODING SYSTEM

The IFTs(Interfacial tension)of petroleum carboxylate/alkaline/HPAM(Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)flooding system with Daing crude oil and the effects of petroleum carboxylate and alkaline on viscoaity of HPAM solution were studied.There exists remarkable synergism between HPAM and petroleum carboxylate,and the introduction of HPAM into petroleum carboxylate/alka- line system leads the lowering of IFTs against Daqing crude oil,The introduction of petroleum carboxylate into solution of HPAM also leads the decreasing of viscosity,but the extent of viscosity decreasing is much lower than that caused by inorganic salts such as NaCl and CaCl_2.

Two Novel 2D Lanthanide-organic Frameworks Based on Different Carboxylate-containing Mixed Ligands

Two novel lanthanide-organic polymers [Er2（pdc）2（o-bdc）（H2O）2]·H2O（1,H2pdc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid,o-H2bdc = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid） and Er（Himdc）（mbdc）0.5（H2O）（2,H3imdc = 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid,m-H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid） have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,IR,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies.1 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/c,while 2 in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn.Both compounds 1 and 2 display two-dimensional network structures. For 1, the tetranuclear parallelogram {Era} cluster as a building block is further assembled into a wonderful 2D grid, and the layers are interconnected via hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions to yield a 3D supramolecular architecture; for 2, its configuration is a rare double-decker structure. These two complexes represent good examples for using mixcarboxylate-containing ligands to construct diverse 2D lanthanide coordination polymers.

Synthesis and in vitro-Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activities of Several Ethyl 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates

A series of ethyl 5-hydroxyindole-3-earboxylates 6a-10r was designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by IR, ^1H NMR, and MS and their anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV） activities were evaluated in 2.2.15 cells. Among them, compound 7g { ethyl 5-hydroxy-2- [ （ 3-methoxyphenylsulfinyl ） methyl ] -1-methyl-4- [ （4-methylpiperazin-1-yl） methyl ]-1H-indole-3-carboxylate} displays a significant anti-HBV activity, which is more potent than the positive control lamivudine.