Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation f...Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.展开更多
Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sedim...Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sediments retention basins are the small version of farm pond used where a criteria of farm pond is not met. Such basin traps the pollutants and suspended solids prior to entry into streams and lakes. The study is focused with special reference to the assessment and control of non point source pollution(NPSP) from the sub basin area of Tai Lake in the Xishan County of Wuxi City of China. The author suggested two different approaches to conduct this study including theoretical design for sedimentation retention basin and computation of flow, sediment transport and deposition during the artificial impoundment of retention basin for BMP's utilization. Theoretical design will provide a useful function as a first line defense against the movement of sediments and transport of pollutants into the Tai Lake while the assessment of sediments deposition will help to make its proper use and periodic cleanup.展开更多
Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds...Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.展开更多
Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding ri...Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding risk.Sustainable urban design strategies can contribute to counteract the negative impact of anthropic activities both at city-scale and global scale.Green and Blue Infrastructure(GBI)approaches,in particular,are an alternative to stormwater traditional management.In Europe,Sustainable Drainage System implementation copes with impervious surfaces to achieve water quality,amenity,and biodiversity increase.Best Management Practices,developed mainly in the USA,focus on specific measures for sustainable stormwater treatment.Water Sensitive Urban Design,spread in Australia and England,also aims to minimise the impact of developed areas preventing flood risk,limiting water consumption and enhancing environmental quality.In the USA and Canada,Low Impact Development offers design strategies to manage runoff and deliver structural practices to mimic predevelopment processes of infiltration,filtration and detention.展开更多
随着点源污染的控制与处理技术日趋完善,非点源污染成为重要的水污染源。武强溪作为流入千岛湖的第二大支流,量化武强溪流域非点源污染负荷,解析非点源污染时空分布特征,提出适合削减武强溪流域污染物的最佳管理措施(best management pr...随着点源污染的控制与处理技术日趋完善,非点源污染成为重要的水污染源。武强溪作为流入千岛湖的第二大支流,量化武强溪流域非点源污染负荷,解析非点源污染时空分布特征,提出适合削减武强溪流域污染物的最佳管理措施(best management practices,BMPs)对千岛湖水污染高效治理至关重要。该研究基于土壤水分评估工具(Soil and water assessment tool,SWAT)分析了武强溪流域径流量、总氮输出负荷量的时空分布特征,探究了不同管理措施及组合的削减效果,提出了武强溪流域非点源污染针对性的治理措施。结果表明:1)SWAT模型对于武强溪流域径流量和总氮输出负荷量的模拟具有较好的适用性,径流量校准期和验证期的决定系数(coefficient of determination,R^(2))分别为0.86、0.97,纳什系数(nash-sutcliffe coefficient,NSE)分别为0.83、0.96,百分比偏差(percent bias,PBIAS)分别为15.8%、-6.3%,总氮校准期和验证期的决定系数分别为0.87、0.74,纳什系数分别为0.63、0.66,百分比偏差分别为31.6%、21.2%;2)该流域径流量和总氮负荷主要集中在3—7月,分别占全年输出量的71.67%和75.76%。综合考虑氮的来源和流失途径,将耕地和林地面积占比大、坡度陡的子流域设置为总氮的关键污染源区。考虑调整化肥施用量/配方、改变耕作方式和设置植被缓冲带等削减非点源污染的手段,进行总氮输出负荷削减效率的情景模拟,表明10 m植被缓冲带是减少总氮输出负荷的最佳单一控制策略,总氮削减率可达到69.90%;实施综合管理措施对总氮的污染削减效果更佳,10 m植被缓冲带与施肥量减少20%可使总氮削减率达到74.79%。研究结果可为千岛湖水质管理与控制提供理论基础。展开更多
文摘Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.
文摘Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sediments retention basins are the small version of farm pond used where a criteria of farm pond is not met. Such basin traps the pollutants and suspended solids prior to entry into streams and lakes. The study is focused with special reference to the assessment and control of non point source pollution(NPSP) from the sub basin area of Tai Lake in the Xishan County of Wuxi City of China. The author suggested two different approaches to conduct this study including theoretical design for sedimentation retention basin and computation of flow, sediment transport and deposition during the artificial impoundment of retention basin for BMP's utilization. Theoretical design will provide a useful function as a first line defense against the movement of sediments and transport of pollutants into the Tai Lake while the assessment of sediments deposition will help to make its proper use and periodic cleanup.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51279064 and 51209090)
文摘Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.
文摘Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding risk.Sustainable urban design strategies can contribute to counteract the negative impact of anthropic activities both at city-scale and global scale.Green and Blue Infrastructure(GBI)approaches,in particular,are an alternative to stormwater traditional management.In Europe,Sustainable Drainage System implementation copes with impervious surfaces to achieve water quality,amenity,and biodiversity increase.Best Management Practices,developed mainly in the USA,focus on specific measures for sustainable stormwater treatment.Water Sensitive Urban Design,spread in Australia and England,also aims to minimise the impact of developed areas preventing flood risk,limiting water consumption and enhancing environmental quality.In the USA and Canada,Low Impact Development offers design strategies to manage runoff and deliver structural practices to mimic predevelopment processes of infiltration,filtration and detention.
文摘随着点源污染的控制与处理技术日趋完善,非点源污染成为重要的水污染源。武强溪作为流入千岛湖的第二大支流,量化武强溪流域非点源污染负荷,解析非点源污染时空分布特征,提出适合削减武强溪流域污染物的最佳管理措施(best management practices,BMPs)对千岛湖水污染高效治理至关重要。该研究基于土壤水分评估工具(Soil and water assessment tool,SWAT)分析了武强溪流域径流量、总氮输出负荷量的时空分布特征,探究了不同管理措施及组合的削减效果,提出了武强溪流域非点源污染针对性的治理措施。结果表明:1)SWAT模型对于武强溪流域径流量和总氮输出负荷量的模拟具有较好的适用性,径流量校准期和验证期的决定系数(coefficient of determination,R^(2))分别为0.86、0.97,纳什系数(nash-sutcliffe coefficient,NSE)分别为0.83、0.96,百分比偏差(percent bias,PBIAS)分别为15.8%、-6.3%,总氮校准期和验证期的决定系数分别为0.87、0.74,纳什系数分别为0.63、0.66,百分比偏差分别为31.6%、21.2%;2)该流域径流量和总氮负荷主要集中在3—7月,分别占全年输出量的71.67%和75.76%。综合考虑氮的来源和流失途径,将耕地和林地面积占比大、坡度陡的子流域设置为总氮的关键污染源区。考虑调整化肥施用量/配方、改变耕作方式和设置植被缓冲带等削减非点源污染的手段,进行总氮输出负荷削减效率的情景模拟,表明10 m植被缓冲带是减少总氮输出负荷的最佳单一控制策略,总氮削减率可达到69.90%;实施综合管理措施对总氮的污染削减效果更佳,10 m植被缓冲带与施肥量减少20%可使总氮削减率达到74.79%。研究结果可为千岛湖水质管理与控制提供理论基础。
