Fuzzy data envelopment analysis approach based on sample decision making units

The conventional data envelopment analysis （DEA） measures the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units with exact values of inputs and outputs. In real-world prob- lems, however, inputs and outputs typically have some levels of fuzziness. To analyze a decision making unit （DMU） with fuzzy input/output data, previous studies provided the fuzzy DEA model and proposed an associated evaluating approach. Nonetheless, numerous deficiencies must still be improved, including the α- cut approaches, types of fuzzy numbers, and ranking techniques. Moreover, a fuzzy sample DMU still cannot be evaluated for the Fuzzy DEA model. Therefore, this paper proposes a fuzzy DEA model based on sample decision making unit （FSDEA）. Five eval- uation approaches and the related algorithm and ranking methods are provided to test the fuzzy sample DMU of the FSDEA model. A numerical experiment is used to demonstrate and compare the results with those obtained using alternative approaches.

Perceptions of Collaboration and Satisfaction with Collaboration Regarding Care Decision-Making in Intensive Care Units in Japan: A National Survey

Multi-professional collaboration is being promoted worldwide as a response to the need for sophisticated medical care and for catering to patients’ diverse needs. Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are seriously ill, and their families may be at risk depending on the patient’s situation. Considering these characteristics of patients and families, there is a strong need for multi-professional collaboration within ICUs. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine recognition and other factors related to collaboration and satisfaction involving care decisions in Japanese ICUs. A mail survey about collaboration of activities and systems was sent to physicians, clinical engineers, and nurses working in ICUs in Japan, 387 consented to participate in this study. Results showed that satisfaction scores were generally high among the three aforementioned professions, but collaboration scores on deciding care for patients showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The total collaboration score was the highest among physicians (36.7 ± 6.7 points), followed by nurses (32.8 ± 7.4 points), and CEs (32.8 ± 7.4 points). The factors that commonly affected collaboration scores were the satisfaction score and the ability to collaborate with other professionals and set team medical care as a goal. Moreover, it is worth noting that the degree of difficulty in collaboration negatively affected this factor. On the other hand, other factors differed among the three professions, suggesting that the purpose and need for collaboration differ depending on the profession.

基于学习活动观理念下的教、学、评一致性英语阅读教学课例设计——以外研版《新标准英语》Module 5 Unit 2 If you ever go to London,make sure you visit the Science Museum为例

本文以一节市级送教示范课例改进为载体,探讨阅读教学如何体现英语课程标准的阶段性目标、体现语言学习活动观和阅读教学的层次性,探索指向三位一体教、学、评一致性课例改进的有效途径。1.课例背景本课是2019年大连市名师送教示范活动中的一节阅读课,授课时间为40分钟,授课前先后进行了2次教学改进。本次送教课例研讨主题为教、学、评三位一体的阅读教学改进。

扩展意义单位模型下的动词习得对比研究及教学启示——以高频动词MAKE为例

以扩展意义单位为理论框架,对比研究中国学习者和英语本族语者使用高频动词MAKE时在类联接、搭配词、语义趋向和语义韵等方面的差异。研究表明,中国学习者与本族语者使用MAKE时,类联接种类基本一致,但是分布差异明显;不同类联接中,学生英语中的MAKE与本族语英语在搭配词、语义选择趋向和语义韵方面差异较大。本研究的结果对二语词汇教学具有一定的启示意义。

Vigilance in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Background and Aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. This study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 192 ICU nurses as the participants. The data were obtained through questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance. SPSS software version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean total vigilance score was 3.86 ± 0.23 of 5. The mean scores of the timely diagnosis of changes, pattern recognition, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 3.44 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilance behaviors and found that their mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating our participants had a high level of clinical vigilance. These results suggest a need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger nurses.

基于物联网重症监护设备的临床辅助决策研究

目的:减轻医生临床压力,提高信息化辅助临床诊断决策水平。方法:运用物联网采集装置,采集重症监护室、普通病房呼吸机、监护仪等治疗设备生命体征和报警信息,设计假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化模型工具。结果:通过实施假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化工具,为医院阳性报警、远程ICU等应用推广提供数据支持。结论:重症监护室信息化辅助决策的研究与应用,可提升临床医生的决策效率,减轻临床工作压力,提高医疗服务水平。

美英日国家图书馆智库服务研究

国家图书馆智库作为国家发展和治理的重要支撑,其建设和发展应受到关注和重视。文章从机构概况、服务内容、服务成果三方面,详细介绍并对比了美国国会图书馆、英国下议院图书馆和日本国立国会图书馆的智库情况,并从人才队伍、组织结构、研究领域以及平台建设等方面,对我国国家图书馆智库建设和服务提出建议。

ZJ116卷接机组可快速更换接装纸规格的胶前导纸块设计

【目的】提高ZJ116卷接机组更换接装纸规格时的作业效率。【方法】通过对胶前导纸块的结构原理进行分析,采用仿真方法对胶前导纸块进行了重新设计。【结果】以3台ZJ116卷接机组为对象进行测试,结果表明,新研制的胶前导纸块可实现一次性成功更换接装纸规格,接装纸导纸块的更换调整时间从59.67min减少到2.15min。【结论】该胶前导纸块的设计,支持更多接装纸规格,实现了更换接装纸规格无需更换导纸块,提高了效率,为国产卷接机组烟支牌号、规格的快速更换提供了新的思路。

ICU患者家属决策困境研究现状及启示

由于ICU环境的特殊性,家属探视时间被严格限制,家属不能与患者及时沟通以了解其意愿偏好,且疾病的突发性和临床的不确定性容易导致家属在决策时产生矛盾心理,从而陷入决策困境。概述了关于ICU患者家属决策困境的概念、评估工具、决策困境产生的原因、由于决策困境产生的影响,以及决策困境的应对策略,以期为未来ICU患者家属决策困境的干预提供理论依据,提高ICU患者家属代理决策质量,缩短患者住院时间,改善患者健康结局,从而提高医疗护理满意度。

重症监护室护士道德困境体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的了解重症监护室护士道德困境的真实体验,为管理者制定干预措施,提高重症监护室护士幸福感,稳定护理队伍提供参考。方法检索中国知网、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase数据库关于重症监护室护士道德困境的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月24日。根据JBI循证卫生保健中心推荐的质性研究质量评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,运用Meta整合方法对研究结果进行整合。结果共纳入8篇文献,从纳入研究中提炼出36个主题,将其归纳成为10个新类别,综合成3个整合结果,即ICU护士经历道德困境受多种因素影响,护士遭遇道德困境时的情感体验,应对道德困境的策略。结论重症监护室护士存在一定程度的道德困境,护理管理者应了解其产生的原因,并制定和实施有效干预措施,以减少重症监护室护士道德困扰,促进护士生理心理健康发展,稳定护理队伍。

NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的系统评价NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验的质性研究。方法检索数据库PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Sinomed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库关于NICU临终新生儿父母决策参与体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年8月。文献质量评价采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所质性研究质量评价标准,采用汇集性Meta整合方法对文献进行归纳。结果共纳入13篇文献,提炼出33个结果,归纳为12个新类别,合成4个整合结果:临终新生儿父母决策参与倾向、临终新生儿父母决策角色体验、临终新生儿父母决策中的障碍、临终新生儿父母决策中的需求。结论NICU临终新生儿父母面临艰难的决策选择,医护人员需与父母共同确定其在决策中的理想角色,制定个性化的沟通内容,社会、医院以及家庭需创造支持性的社会心理环境,给予父母信息及情感支持,提高临终新生儿父母在决策中的应对力。

某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状及影响因素分析

目的调查某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2022年6月-2023年6月选取在儿童重症监护室(pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)住院治疗的118例重症患儿的照顾者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、家庭成员决策自我效能量表对其进行调查。结果该组重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳量表得分为(12.16±3.81)分,决策疲劳量表得分与家庭成员决策自我效能量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.882,P=0.012)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,重症患儿照顾者性别、患儿入住PICU天数、家庭平均月收入、决策自我效能是患儿照顾者决策疲劳的独立影响因素(R^(2)=0.952,_(△)R^(2)=0.902,F=16.819,P<0.001)。结论PICU重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳处于中等水平,医护人员应重点关注女性、家庭平均月收入低、患儿入住PICU时间长、决策自我效能水平低的患儿照顾者,及时向照顾者提供重症患儿病情、治疗方案、预后等信息,加强其心理支持,提升照顾者决策自我效能,从而降低其决策疲劳水平。

电力市场环境下可靠性机组组合机制

完善的双边现货市场是实现电力市场优化资源配置功能的关键,可靠性机组组合是双边现货市场环境下满足日内发电容量充裕度等可靠性要求的重要手段。探讨集中式市场环境下可靠性机组组合的组织方式、出清模型与结算机制。总结国内外各典型电力市场中可靠性机组组合相关机制设计,得到可靠性机组组合机制设计的一般思路。通过算例分析对比各可靠性机组组合出清模型下的市场绩效。基于数值仿真与理论分析结果为中国可靠性机组组合机制设计提供建议。

网络信息时代C2组织结构的六维模型

从一般性组织结构的创新思路及指挥与控制(commandandcontrol,C2)方法空间模型出发,以决策权的分配程度、横向协调程度、交互程度、C2单元的规模大小、C2单元的数量及关系影响强度6个维度来描述网络信息时代C2组织结构内中心与边缘C2单元之间的关系。通过构建C2组织结构的六维模型,厘清信息共享在组织横纵向间的共享,决策权在不同层级之中有效赋能与分发,该组织结构在应对网络信息时代下不确定的战时环境时与传统结构相比更具备决胜优势。

基于指标间相关性权重法的多维煤电转型路径决策

煤电转型中需要兼顾低碳发展要求和电力系统安全保供的问题,然而我国各地区煤电发展定位、机组特性等各不相同,因此在转型决策上具有路径多样化的特点,例如:灵活性改造、综合能源服务、技术减碳、备用辅助服务机组和关停退出等。鉴于此,从多维度视角开展针对煤电转型路径决策的研究。首先,从资源替代、环境影响、监管合规维度构建煤电转型的综合评价指标体系;其次,以综合评价方法和指标间相关性权重(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)法为工具,对我国4702台现役煤电机组进行转型综合评价;再次,结合《中国“十四五”电力发展规划研究》对煤电装机结构在2035年的9.11亿kW容量目标要求,筛选出需要转型的煤电机组。结果表明,1067台机组,共2.5亿kW容量,是需要在2035年前完成转型的煤电机组。从地区分布来看,东南沿海地区的煤电机组综合表现较好,而中北部、华北部等地区的煤电机组则面临较大的转型压力。