Robust Variable-Pitch Control Design of PMSG Via Perturbation Observer

Wind turbine employs pitch angle control to maintain captured power at its rated value when the wind speed is higher than rated value.This work adopts a perturbation observer based sliding-mode control(POSMC)strategy to realize robust variable-pitch control of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG).POSMC combines system nonlinearities,parametric uncertainties,unmodelled dynamics,and time-varying external disturbances into a perturbation,which aims to estimate the perturbation via a perturbation observer without an accurate system model.Subsequently,sliding mode control(SMC)is designed to completely compensate perturbation estimation in real-time for the sake of achieving a global consistent control performance and improving system robustness under complicated environments.Simulation results indicate that,compared with vector control(VC),feedback linearization control(FLC),and nonlinear adaptive control(NAC),POSMC has the best control performance in ramp wind and random wind and the highest robustness in terms of parameter uncertainty.Specially,the integral absolute error index of!m of POSMC is only 11.69%,12.10%and 15.14%of that of VC,FLC and NAC in random wind speed.

Enhanced Perturb and Observe Control Algorithm for a Standalone Domestic Renewable Energy System

The generation of electricity,considering environmental and eco-nomic factors is one of the most important challenges of recent years.In this article,a thermoelectric generator(TEG)is proposed to use the thermal energy of an electric water heater(EWH)to generate electricity independently.To improve the energy conversion efficiency of the TEG,a fuzzy logic con-troller(FLC)-based perturb&observe(P&O)type maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control algorithm is used in this study.An EWH is one of the major electricity consuming household appliances which causes a higher electricity price for consumers.Also,a significant amount of thermal energy generated by EWH is wasted every day,especially during the winter season.In recent years,TEGs have been widely developed to convert surplus or unused thermal energy into usable electricity.In this context,the proposed model is designed to use the thermal energy stored in the EWH to generate electricity.In addition,the generated electricity can be easily stored in a battery storage system to supply electricity to various household appliances with low-power-consumption.The proposed MPPT control algorithm helps the system to quickly reach the optimal point corresponding to the maximum power output and maintains the system operating point at the maximum power output level.To validate the usefulness of the proposed scheme,a study model was developed in the MATLAB Simulink environment and its performance was investigated by simulation under steady state and transient conditions.The results of the study confirmed that the system is capable of generating adequate power from the available thermal energy of EWH.It was also found that the output power and efficiency of the system can be improved by maintaining a higher temperature difference at the input terminals of the TEG.Moreover,the real-time temperature data of Abha city in Saudi Arabia is considered to analyze the feasibility of the proposed system for practical implementation.

Optimal disturbances rejection control for singularly perturbed systems with time-delay

The optimal control design for singularly perturbed time-delay systems affected by external distur-bances is considered.Based on the decomposition theory of singular perturbation,the system is decom-posed into a fast subsystem without time-delay and a slow time-delay subsystem with disturbances.Theoptimal disturbances rejection control law of the slow subsystem is obtained by using the successive ap-proximation approach(SAA)and feedforward compensation method.Further,the feedforward and feed-back composite control(FFCC)law for the original problem is developed.The FFCC law consists of lin-ear analytic terms and a time-delay compensation term which is the limit of the solution sequence of theadjoint vector equations.A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC law physically realiz-able.Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is effective.

ESO-based robust predictive control of lunar module with fuel sloshing dynamics

An extended-state-observer(ESO) based predictive control scheme is proposed for the autopilot of lunar landing.The slosh fuel masses exert forces and torques on the rigid body of lunar module(LM),such disturbances will dramatically undermine the stability of autopilot system.The fuel sloshing dynamics and uncertainties due to the time-varying parameters are considered as a generalized disturbance which is estimated by an ESO from the measured attitude signals and the control input signals.Then a continuous-time predictive controller driven by the estimated states and disturbances is designed to obtain the virtual control input,which is allocated to the real control actuators according to a deadband logic.The 6-DOF simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method when dealing with the fuel sloshing dynamics and parameter perturbations.

An Adaptive Single Neural Control for Variable Step-Size P&O MPPT of Marine Current Turbine System

Marine current energy has been increasingly used because of its predictable higher power potential.Owing to the external disturbances of various flow velocity and the high nonlinear effects on the marine current turbine(MCT)system,the nonlinear controllers which rely on precise mathematical models show poor performance under a high level of parameters’uncertainties.This paper proposes an adaptive single neural control(ASNC)strategy for variable step-size perturb and observe(P&O)maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control.Firstly,to automatically update the neuron weights of SNC for the nonlinear systems,an adaptive mechanism is proposed to adaptively adjust the weighting and learning coefficients.Secondly,aiming to generate the exact reference speed for ASNC to extract the maximum power,a variable step-size law based on speed increment is designed to strike a balance between tracking speed and accuracy of P&O MPPT.The robust stability of the MCT control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theorem.Comparative simulation results show that this strategy has favorable adaptive performance under variable velocity conditions,and the MCT system operates at maximum power point steadily.

Trajectory Tracking of Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Disturbance Rejection Control

We investigate the trajectory tracking problem of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and propose a practical disturbance rejection control strategy. Firstly, the nonlinear error model is established completely by the modified Rodrigues parameters, while considering dynamics of the servo actuators. Then, a hierarchical control scheme is applied to design the translational and rotational controllers based on the time-scale property of each subsystem, respectively. And the linear extended state observer and auxiliary observer are used to deal with the uncertainties and saturation. At last, global stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed based on the singular perturbation theory. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

MPPT Design Using PSO Technique for Photovoltaic System Control Comparing to Fuzzy Logic and P&O Controllers

The Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is the optimum operating point of a photovoltaic module. It plays a very important role to obtain the maximum power of a solar panel as it allows an optimal use of a photovoltaic system, regardless of irradiation and temperature variations. In this research, we present a novel technique to improve the control’s performances optimization of the system consisting of a photovoltaic panel, a buck converter and a load. Simulations of different parts of the system are developed under Matlab/Simulink, thus allowing a comparison between the performances of the three studied controllers: “Fuzzy TS”, “P&O” and “PSO”. The three algorithms of MPPT associated with these techniques are tested in different meteorological conditions. The obtained results, in different operating conditions, reveal a clear improvement of controlling performances of MPPT of a photovoltaic system when the PSO tracking technique is used.

Optimal deterministic disturbances rejection for singularly perturbed linear systems

Optimal deterministic disturbances rejection control problem for singularly perturbed linear systems is considered. By using the slow-fast decomposition theory of singular perturbation, the existent and unique conditions of the feedforward and feedback composite control （FFCC） laws for both infinite-time and finite-time are proposed, and the design approaches are given. A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC laws realizable physically. Simulation results indicate that the FFCC laws are robust with respect to external disturbances.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Output Feedback Nonlinear General Integral Control

This paper proposes an output feedback nonlinear general integral controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear system. By solving Lyapunov equation, we demonstrate a new proposition on Equal ratio gain technique. By using Equal ratio gain technique, Singular perturbation technique and Lyapunov method, theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally exponential stability is established in terms of some bounded information. Moreover, a real time method to evaluate the ratio coefficients of controller and observer are proposed such that their values can be chosen moderately. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that not only output feedback nonlinear general integral control has the striking robustness but also the organic combination of Equal ratio gain technique and Singular perturbation technique constitutes a powerful tool to solve the output feedback control design problem of dynamics with the nonlinear and uncertain actions.

基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模电液变桨控制方法

为改善风电机组电液变桨系统的控制性能,文章提出了基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模控制方法。建立风电机组电液变桨系统数学模型,利用滑模状态扰动观测器(SMSPO)对变桨系统参数的不确定性和未知扰动进行实时补偿。采用分数阶微积分理论设计终端滑模控制器的滑模面,在保证有限时间收敛的同时,改善了滑模控制自身抖动。利用Simulink进行试验验证,结果表明,该方法增强了变桨系统的抗干扰能力,削弱了系统的抖动,提高了桨距角的跟踪精度和变桨系统的稳定性。

基于旗鱼优化算法与扰动观察法复合控制的最大功率点跟踪策略

针对传统的最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)方法在部分遮阴条件下陷入局部最优而失效,且常见的智能优化算法往往存在收敛精度差、收敛速度慢、系统稳定性不高等问题,提出1种基于旗鱼优化SFO(sailfish optimization)算法与扰动观察P&O(perturbation and observation)法混合控制的光伏系统最大功率跟踪策略。SFO算法同时使用旗鱼(捕食者)和沙丁鱼(猎物)2个种群,可保证粒子在全局空间探索。所提混合算法先利用SFO算法快速跟踪到最大功率点附近,再利用小步长P&O法对最大功率点进行精细搜索,最后利用分段步长的方法同时兼顾MPPT搜索速度和搜索精度的要求。仿真结果表明,所提混合控制策略有效提升了控制系统的响应速度及跟踪精度,提升了系统的稳定性。

弱电网下基于超螺旋滑模的LCL并网逆变器控制研究

针对LCL型滤波器的固有谐振、滤波器参数及弱电网下电网阻抗的波动会严重破坏并网系统稳定性的问题,提出了弱电网下基于超螺旋滑模的LCL并网逆变器控制策略。根据并网系统模型构建超螺旋滑模观测器,对滤波电容电压及逆变器侧输出电流进行估计,消除额外传感器需要,降低成本。采用具有非奇异快速终端滑模面控制(NFTSMC)的超螺旋滑模控制器来快速地跟踪参考给定电流及降低并网系统动稳态误差,且提高并网系统对外界干扰和参数不确定性的全局鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,当滤波参数摄动和电网阻抗变化时,系统表现出较强的鲁棒性,且并网电流的THD值保持在0.5%左右。

一种BOOST电路的光伏控制器系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种基于BOOST电路的光伏控制器系统设计,该系统核心算法采用扰动观察法,以实现光伏系统的实时监控和最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)。该设计注重提高系统的测量精度和响应速度,同时保证操作的简便性。通过精确的测量和快速响应,该系统能够有效优化光伏发电的性能,确保光伏电池在不同环境条件下都能维持最佳工作状态。整体来看,该光伏控制器系统在提高光伏能量转换效率、操作稳定性和用户体验方面具有显著优势,为光伏发电系统的应用提供了有效的技术支持。

Adaptive perturb and observe maximum power point tracking with current predictive and decoupled power control for gridconnected photovoltaic inverters

In order to improve maximum power point tracking(MPPT) performance, a variable and adaptive perturb and observe(P&O)method with current predictive control is proposed. This is applied in three-phase threelevel neutral-point clamped(NPC) photovoltaic(PV)generation systems. To control the active power and the reactive power independently,the decoupled power control combined with a space vector modulation block is adopted for three-phase NPC inverters in PV generation systems.To balance the neutral-point voltage of the three-phase NPC grid-connected inverter, a proportional and integral control is used by adj usting the dwell time of small voltage vectors. A three-phase NPC inverter rated at 12 kVA was established. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with the fixed perturbation MPPT algorithm under different conditions. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.

压力脉冲测试系统滑模抗干扰控制方法

针对压力脉冲测试系统运用滑模控制在体积切换时抖振突出的问题,提出一种滑模抗干扰控制方法。采用奇异值摄动理论对压力脉冲测试系统进行降阶简化,方便控制器的设计以及应用。根据系统降阶模型,构建扩张状态观测器,用于估计系统中的不确定参数和工件体积切换等未知干扰,并将估计的干扰值作为前馈信号补偿给滑模控制器,从而减小干扰不确定上界,减小切换增益来达到抑制抖振的目的。通过选择合适的Lyapunov函数对所提控制方法的稳定性进行了推导证明,使用AMESim、Matlab/Simulink构建的联合仿真平台进行仿真分析,并通过压力脉冲测试台进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:在整体跟踪性能方向,传统滑模控制方法相较于PID方法提升了21.10%,而所提控制方法相较于PID方法提升了30.86%,所提控制方法可以有效估计与补偿未知干扰,实现更小切换增益的同时保持控制精度,在工件体积切换时有效抑制了滑模抖振,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。

遮光条件下基于IPSO-FLC的光伏MPPT控制

光伏阵列在部分遮光条件下的P-U特性曲线会呈现多峰问题,致使跟踪算法变得更加复杂,而传统的MPPT算法可能会陷入局部最大功率点,导致对全局最大功率点的跟踪无法实现。为此,提出一种改进粒子群算法优化模糊控制器,来实现遮光条件下的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪。在Matlab/Simulink环境下,对光伏系统和所提出的MPPT算法进行仿真,同时与扰动观测法等传统MPPT算法进行比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效地跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点,并且具有较快的响应速度。

一种改进的光伏系统MPPT控制算法

在分析传统扰动观测法缺点的基础上,提出改进的控制算法,使光伏系统具有检测系统稳定状态的能力,并根据检测到的状态进行相应控制,实现了系统稳态占空比无扰动、母线电压无波动。在考虑光照强度、温度、负载重载(轻载)、母线电压扰动的情况下对改进控制算法进行MATLAB仿真,并进行实验验证。实验结果证明改进的控制算法比传统算法跟踪稳定性更好、精度更高。

短路电流结合扰动观察法在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制中的应用

光伏电池输出功率随外部环境和负载的变化而变化,为充分发挥光伏器件的效能,需采用最大功率点跟踪电路。对于最大功率点跟踪电路的控制已经提出了许多方法,其中短路电流法和扰动观察法因其具有简单有效的优点而得到广泛应用。针对短路电流法的缺点,该文提出一种新的在线短路电流控制方法。该方法在不干扰系统正常工作的情况下,能迅速感知外部环境变化,但该方法效率不高。为充分发挥光伏电池的效能,在线短路电流控制方法的基础上再引入扰动观察法。该文扰动观察法的扰动步长针对最大功率点处稳态特性进行优化,优化后,扰动观察法可有效消除光伏器件输出功率在最大功率点的振荡现象,从而提高系统效率。仿真和实验研究证明,该方法可以快速跟踪外部环境变化,并消除系统在最大功率点的振荡现象。

光伏系统中扰动观察法的控制方法研究

针对光伏电池的输出特性,以Boost电路为硬件平台分析了直接控制、PI控制这两种扰动观察法的控制方法的原理。通过Simulink建立电路仿真模型,对扰动观察法两种控制方法的最大功率点跟踪效果进行对比。以1.5 kW的两级光伏并网逆变器实验样机完成相关实验,实验波形和分析证明了扰动观察法的控制方法的有效性。