Application of CFD and FEA Coupling to Predict Structural Dynamic Responses of A Trimaran in Uni-and Bi-Directional Waves

To predict the wave loads of a flexible trimaran in different wave fields,a one-way interaction numerical simulation method is proposed by integrating the fluid solver(Star-CCM+)and structural solver(Abaqus).Differing from the existing coupled CFD-FEA method for monohull ships in head waves,the presented method equates the mass and stiffness of the whole ship to the hull shell so that any transverse and longitudinal section stress of the hull in oblique waves can be obtained.Firstly,verification study and sensitivity analysis are carried out by comparing the trimaran motions using different mesh sizes and time step schemes.Discussion on the wave elevation of uni-and bi-directional waves is also carried out.Then a comprehensive analysis on the structural responses of the trimaran in different uni-directional regular wave and bi-directional cross sea conditions is carried out,respectively.Finally,the differences in structural response characteristics of trimaran in different wave fields are studied.The results show that the present method can reduce the computational burden of the two-way fluid-structure interaction simulations.

Text Sentiment Analysis Based on Multi-Layer Bi-Directional LSTM with a Trapezoidal Structure

Sentiment analysis,commonly called opinion mining or emotion artificial intelligence(AI),employs biometrics,computational linguistics,nat-ural language processing,and text analysis to systematically identify,extract,measure,and investigate affective states and subjective data.Sentiment analy-sis algorithms include emotion lexicon,traditional machine learning,and deep learning.In the text sentiment analysis algorithm based on a neural network,multi-layer Bi-directional long short-term memory(LSTM)is widely used,but the parameter amount of this model is too huge.Hence,this paper proposes a Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure model.The design of the trapezoidal structure is derived from classic neural networks,such as LeNet-5 and AlexNet.These classic models have trapezoidal-like structures,and these structures have achieved success in the field of deep learning.There are two benefits to using the Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure.One is that compared with the single-layer configuration,using the of the multi-layer structure can better extract the high-dimensional features of the text.Another is that using the trapezoidal structure can reduce the model’s parameters.This paper introduces the Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure model in detail and uses Stanford sentiment treebank 2(STS-2)for experiments.It can be seen from the experimental results that the trapezoidal structure model and the normal structure model have similar performances.However,the trapezoidal structure model parameters are 35.75%less than the normal structure model.

Stress Relaxation and Sensitivity Weight for Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization to Improve the Computational Efficiency and Stabilization on Stress-Based Topology Optimization

Stress-based topology optimization is one of the most concerns of structural optimization and receives much attention in a wide range of engineering designs.To solve the inherent issues of stress-based topology optimization,many schemes are added to the conventional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization(BESO)method in the previous studies.However,these schemes degrade the generality of BESO and increase the computational cost.This study proposes an improved topology optimization method for the continuum structures considering stress minimization in the framework of the conventional BESO method.A global stress measure constructed by p-norm function is treated as the objective function.To stabilize the optimization process,both qp-relaxation and sensitivity weight scheme are introduced.Design variables are updated by the conventional BESO method.Several 2D and 3D examples are used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.The results show that the optimization process can be stabilized by qp-relaxation.The value of q and p are crucial to reasonable solutions.The proposed sensitivity weight scheme further stabilizes the optimization process and evenly distributes the stress field.The computational efficiency of the proposed method is higher than the previous methods because it keeps the generality of BESO and does not need additional schemes.

A Modified Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization Procedure with Variable Evolutionary Volume Ratio Applied to Multi-Objective Topology Optimization Problem

Natural frequency and dynamic stiffness under transient loading are two key performances for structural design related to automotive,aviation and construction industries.This article aims to tackle the multi-objective topological optimization problem considering dynamic stiffness and natural frequency using modified version of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization(BESO).The conventional BESO is provided with constant evolutionary volume ratio(EVR),whereas low EVR greatly retards the optimization process and high EVR improperly removes the efficient elements.To address the issue,the modified BESO with variable EVR is introduced.To compromise the natural frequency and the dynamic stiffness,a weighting scheme of sensitivity numbers is employed to form the Pareto solution space.Several numerical examples demonstrate that the optimal solutions obtained from the modified BESO method have good agreement with those from the classic BESO method.Most importantly,the dynamic removal strategy with the variable EVR sharply springs up the optimization process.Therefore,it is concluded that the modified BESO method with variable EVR can solve structural design problems using multi-objective optimization.

Design of ZnSe-CoSe heterostructure decorated in hollow N-doped carbon nanocage with generous adsorption and catalysis sites for the reversibly fast kinetics of polysulfide conversion

Although lithium-sulfur batteries(Li SBs)are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage system,the actual industrial application is hindered by the sluggish solid–liquid phase conversion kinetics,severe shuttle effect,and low sulfur loadings.Herein,a zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)derived heterogeneous ZnSe-CoSe nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow N-doped carbon nanocage(ZnSe-CoSe-HNC)was designed by etching with tannic acid as a multifunctional electrocatalyst to boost the polysulfide conversion kinetics in LiSBs.The hollow structure in ZIF ensures large inner voids for sulfur and buffering volume expansions.Abundant exposed ZnSe-CoSe heterogeneous interfaces serve as bifunctional adsorption-catalytic centers to accelerate the conversion kinetics and alleviate the shuttle effect.Together with the highly conductive framework,the ZnSe-CoSeHNC/S cathode exhibits a high initial reversible capacity of 1305.3 m A h g-1at 0.2 C,high-rate capability,and reliable cycling stability under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte(maintaining at 745 m A h g-1after 200 cycles with a high sulfur loading of 6.4 mg cm-2and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6μL mg^(-1)).Theoretical calculations have demonstrated the heterostructures of ZnSe-CoSe offer higher binding energy to lithium polysulfides than that of ZnSe or CoSe,facilitating the electron transfer to lithium polysulfides.This work provides a novel heterostructure with superior catalytic ability and hollow conductive architecture,paving the way for the practical application of functional sulfur electrodes.

VISUALIZATION OF FLOW STRUCTURES IN A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER USING A NEW TECHNIQUE

In this paper, an experimental investigation on the flow structures in a turbulent bounda- ry layer employing a special laser light sheet-Hydrogen bubble flow visualization technique is described. It is observed that the high/low speed streaks are directly related to the hairpin or horseshoe-like vortices. This observation can give a better understanding of the physical mechanism in the turbulent boundary layer.

Calculation of <i>G</i>Gravity Constant from the Mass and Electron Charge, and Fine Structure Constant

This study proposes, from the theoretical point of view, the calculation of the gravitational constant G, made starting from the charge and the electron mass, taking the constant of the Fine Structure into examination. In the empty space, couples of virtual positron electrons dematerialize, giving virtual photon origin. They, at their time, will become electrons, positrons and so on. These transformations are made keeping the board of their “amount of movement” and when they meet the matter, these couples come, reissued depending on the field and on the matter mass. The matter is the change of the trend of their gyromagnetic movement relationship which puts under pressure. In presence of two masses, this gyromagnetic movement relationship is already partially oriented towards the other mass. From here a force is established between these two masses that give as calculated constant equal to 6.678532. This value of G, obtained leaving from the charge and the electron mass, is very near the experimental values estimated in these last decades regard the value of the gravitational constant of G.

A Smooth Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimization of Vibrational Structures for Natural Frequency and Dynamic Compliance

A smooth bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization(SBESO),as a bidirectional version of SESO is proposed to solve the topological optimization of vibrating continuum structures for natural frequencies and dynamic compliance under the transient load.A weighted function is introduced to regulate the mass and stiffness matrix of an element,which has the inefficient element gradually removed from the design domain as if it were undergoing damage.Aiming at maximizing the natural frequency of a structure,the frequency optimization formulation is proposed using the SBESO technique.The effects of various weight functions including constant,linear and sine functions on structural optimization are compared.With the equivalent static load(ESL)method,the dynamic stiffness optimization of a structure is formulated by the SBESO technique.Numerical examples show that compared with the classic BESO method,the SBESO method can efficiently suppress the excessive element deletion by adjusting the element deletion rate and weight function.It is also found that the proposed SBESO technique can obtain an efficient configuration and smooth boundary and demonstrate the advantages over the classic BESO technique.

Structural Topology Optimization by Combining BESO with Reinforcement Learning

In this paper,a new algorithm combining the features of bi-direction evolutionary structural optimization(BESO)and reinforcement learning(RL)is proposed for continuum structural topology optimization(STO).In contrast to conventional approaches which only generate a certain quasi-optimal solution,the goal of the combined method is to provide more quasi-optimal solutions for designers such as the idea of generative design.Two key components were adopted.First,besides sensitivity,value function updated by Monte-Carlo reinforcement learning was utilized to measure the importance of each element,which made the solving process convergent and closer to the optimum.Second,ε-greedy policy added a random perturbation to the main search direction so as to extend the search ability.Finally,the quality and diversity of solutions could be guaranteed by controlling the value of compliance as well as Intersection-over-Union(IoU).Results of several 2D and 3D compliance minimization problems,including a geometrically nonlinear case,show that the combined method is capable of generating a group of good and different solutions that satisfy various possible requirements in engineering design within acceptable computation cost.

考虑“筒中筒”耦合作用的深水隔水管柱与钻柱碰摩运动规律

深水钻井时,旋转钻柱与海洋环境力作用下发生振动的隔水管柱易发生接触,造成钻柱与隔水管柱的碰撞或者摩擦。为了解隔水管柱与钻柱间的运动状态,减轻两者间碰摩,保证作业安全性,提出了一种模拟深水隔水管柱-钻柱组成的“筒中筒”耦合系统模型,通过分析二者间的位移与接触力,实现海洋深水钻井作业时隔水管柱与钻柱的耦合动力学模拟的建立。模拟结果表明,考虑隔水管柱与钻柱接触的情况下,海流作用和涡激作用对钻柱的动力学特征具有较大影响;海流速度增加,隔水管柱弯曲程度变大,隔水管柱的振动特征会限制钻柱运动;井口转速增加对钻柱的涡动特征影响小,但会增大钻柱与隔水管柱内壁的接触力,增大钻柱与隔水管柱的失效风险。该理论为海洋深水钻井摩阻分析提供了新的借鉴。

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承结构设计

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承采用竖向张弦桁架结构体系,结构造型独特新颖。对其结构选型和受力特点进行了重点介绍。采用MIDAS Gen软件建立有限元模型,进行非线性静力及抗震分析计算,同时采用ANSYS软件对考虑几何与材料双重非线性的结构整体稳定性进行了详细分析,探讨了安全系数取值等。分析结果及实际使用效果表明,幕墙支承满足正常使用的各项要求,并具有良好的抗震性能。

考虑施工过程的大跨度预应力张弦结构拉索优化分析

大跨度张弦结构多考虑设计阶段对于拉索进行优化分析,在施工阶段,结构的形态会随着边界与节点的连接、所受荷载以及结构本身参与度的变化不断产生变化,结构在施工阶段受力与结构成型后的使用阶段不同。因此大跨度预应力张弦结构的拉索优化分析也必须考虑施工阶段不同施工过程的影响。以某采用滑移施工法的大跨张弦拱桁架结构工程进行施工阶段的拉索优化分析,通过采用有限元软件MIDAS对施工阶段拉索设计位置、下垂度进行施工过程的仿真模拟分析,对拉索优化提出设计建议。研究方法和研究成果可为大跨预应力弦桁结构的设计和施工提供借鉴。

我国建筑索结构的发展与工程实践

索结构已经成为现代大跨度建筑结构的首选体系之一。梳理了七十年以来我国索结构的发展历程,将其分为起步、缓慢发展和快速发展三个阶段,并对每个阶段进行了详细分类和阐述。对建筑索结构中的拉索构件和节点构件进行了归纳和总结,系统地列举了各类构件的主要形式。此外,综述了悬索结构、索膜结构、张弦(弦支)结构及索穹顶结构等典型结构形式的特点、受力机理及代表性工程,进一步展示了索结构在实际工程中的广泛应用和显著优势。这些结构形式不仅体现了索结构的创新性和灵活性,也证明了其在满足大跨度建筑需求方面的卓越性能。在可持续绿色发展的要求下,随着科技的不断进步,索结构在建筑领域的应用前景愈发广阔。我国的索结构将继续在大跨度建筑领域中扮演重要角色,为实现更加高效、环保和创新的建筑设计提供有力支持。

预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统力学性能分析

为明晰预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统的力学性能,应用MIDAS/GTS有限元分析软件对预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统及周围土体进行三维模型仿真模拟;获得围护结构位移、基坑变形、预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统变形特性和内力变化规律,并与施工现场的监测数据进行对比分析。研究表明,基坑位移的数值仿真结果与现场监测数据基本吻合。在不同工况下,围护结构的垂直位移沿着垂直范围变化较小,靠近基坑角隅部分受到两个方向的约束作用,围护结构位移较大的区域集中在基坑长边中部区域。随着开挖深度增加,基坑附近沉降分布表现为抛物线形,沉降最大值发生在基坑长边,且距离基坑长边越远沉降值越小。预应力张弦梁钢支撑系统受力均匀,布置合理,钢对撑与钢角撑能够较好的承受水平土压力,张弦梁结构可以提升围护结构,保证基坑工程的安全。

某不规则多层长途汽车站结构设计及分析

某不规则多层长途汽车站工程主要由长途客运站、公交首末站、换乘连廊及站台雨棚组成。长途客运站主体结构采用框架-剪力墙结构+张弦梁屋盖。换乘连廊采用单排柱柱顶铰接的排架结构。主要介绍了具有多排斜柱、扭转不规则、楼板大开洞、凹凸不规则等多项不规则的长途客运站的抗震性能设计、屋面张弦梁结构设计;分析了钢箱梁+钢筋混凝土Y形分叉柱的换乘连廊的结构特点;剖析了钢箱梁考虑剪力滞效应和受压局部稳定影响的有效截面宽度的计算及Y形分叉柱与横梁、Y形分叉柱柱墩支座选型的设计要点。分析结果表明,所采取的合理结构设计确保了结构安全。

超大跨度张弦结构多索索夹偏心节点设计及有限元分析

对于超大跨度张弦结构,其撑杆下端的索夹节点是影响张弦结构成型的关键因素。由于外圈环向索的受力较大,超大直径拉索的捻制成型工艺尚未成熟,外圈环向索需采取并排多索的形式才能满足其受力要求,索夹节点相连构件数量多且受力大。基于贵阳奥林匹克体育中心(二期)主体育馆项目大跨度弦支穹顶结构,分析多索索夹节点的设计重难点,通过综合对比多种索槽布置方式,提出适用于超大跨度张弦结构的多索索夹偏心节点,并对该偏心节点进行整体受力和节点有限元分析。结果表明,多索索夹偏心节点对结构索力分布影响较小;该偏心节点设计符合计算假定,具有较高的承载力和抗滑移能力,有效解决了多索索夹节点连接、索夹安装及拉索更换等问题。

单层菱形网壳屋盖滑移施工空间张弦梁加强方案研究

目前,滑移施工技术多用于双层或多层网格结构,单层屋盖滑移施工罕见,尤其是单层屋盖整体滑移施工。整体滑移对结构刚度和施工技术均有较高要求,有效控制滑移过程中过大的挠度与局部应力超标情况是顺利施工的关键,尤其对于整体刚度较弱的大跨度单层网格结构。为控制屋盖挠度和应力,基于北京星火站交通枢纽工程提出了空间张弦梁加强方案。通过有限元分析研究撑杆位置、数量与高度对结构刚度的影响。研究发现,空间张弦梁结构能有效控制网壳挠度,单撑杆和双撑杆张弦梁结构效率较高。

张弦铝合金梁结构施工技术研究与应用

某工程采用张弦铝合金梁结构,跨度达70 m,由铝合金拱梁和PE索组成,支撑于钢立柱之上。该结构采用地面拼装、利用支架定点拼装,累计滑移形成结构主体的施工技术,在转换桁架区域设置临时滑移胎架及临时支柱,确保滑移施工的顺利开展,本工程拉索张拉以变形控制为主,内力控制为辅,施工过程中进行了基坑变形、结构变形、索内力及结构应力监测,保证了结构建造过程的安全。

基于振动频率法的弦支结构索力测试方法研究

以某机场航站楼指廊为例,研究了弦支结构拉索索力测试的振动频率法。单跨索采用梁弯曲模型建立振动微分方程,根据拉索参数确定振动频率与索力的关系。研究表明:对于跨度较小、截面面积较大的拉索,需考虑抗弯刚度等参数的影响;采用加速度传感器实测拉索前三阶频率,根据频率与索力的关系公式计算出索力与油压表读数对比,误差最小为1.61%,吻合比较良好;根据多跨拉索的受力特点,采用MIDAS将拉索简化为多跨连续梁模型计算拉索前三阶频率,并与实测频率进行拟合,拟合后最小方差为0.856。研究结果对利用振动频率法测试弦支结构的索力具有一定的指导意义。

近岸海上柔性光伏支架结构研究

本文提出了张弦梁式、索拱式及索桁架式共计3种可用于近岸海(水)上的柔性光伏支架结构,并对其结构内力及变形进行了有限元模拟分析,给出了其结构计算方法,分析了结构性能及优缺点。在此基础上对单位面积光伏板对应的支架及基础结构工程量进行了对比分析。分析表明:索桁架式支架的上部结构用量最少,张弦梁式支架的下部结构用量最少。张弦梁式和索拱式上部结构需要的钢材较多,但其可实现预张力自平衡,对下部结构的水平承载力要求较低,更适合软土地基;而索桁架式结构对两端下部结构的水平承载力要求较高,更适合地质条件较好的区域。相关研究成果可为类似工程或结构提供参考和借鉴。