Use of Additive Based on Non-Timber Forest Products for the Ecological Stabilization of Raw Earth:Case of the Parkia Biglobosa Nut and Vitellaria Paradoxa

The housing sector today uses elaborate materials such as cement,iron,sand,often prohibitively expensive and whose production generates a strong environmental impact(scarcity of resources,transport,greenhouse gas greenhouse,etc.).In order to meet the challenges of sustainable development,earth construction is experiencing a resurgence of interest these days.Despite its many advantages,raw earth material has drawbacks,in particular its low mechanical resistance and its loss of geometric characteristics in the face of water,which slow down its development.As part of this study,the mechanical characteristics and durability of raw earth were improved by using residual water from the processing of Parkia Biglobosa(nere)and Vitellaria Paradoxa(shea)nuts in order to optimize its use for the construction of modern buildings.To this end,the decoctions resulting from the artisanal transformation of the nut of the Parkia Biglobosa into African mustard and of the Vitellaria Paradoxa into shea butter were added to the raw earth according to volume proportions of 25%,50%,75%and 100%of the aqueous solution to obtain the projected composites.Thus,mechanical characterization and durability tests were carried out on the composites obtained.The results revealed that the decoctions of Vitellaria Paradoxa and Parkia Biglobosa improve the compressive strength of the material by up to 90%and 260%,respectively.Furthermore,these decoctions improved the resistance to water penetration of the 100%additive composite by 1.5 times for Vitellaria Paradoxa and 5 times for Parkia Biglobosa.This study shows that it is possible to use decoctions as raw earth stabilizers to build modern,ecological buildings at lower energy costs.However,more in-depth studies on surface wettability and long-term durability are planned to better characterize the geomaterial.

Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. Ex G. Don Fruit Pulp Supplementation in the Diet of Local Chickens in Burkina Faso: Effects on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp flour in the CPAVI chicken ration on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of local chickens. This study involved 50 local chicks of eight weeks of age. Chickens were divided into 5 groups of 10 chicks corresponding to five experimental rations containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% pulp from fruits of P. biglobosa. The nutritional composition of P. biglobosa fruit pulps were analyzed, then growth parameters and carcass characteristics were measured. The results showed that the fruit pulps of P. biglobosa were rich in metabolizable energy (4015.02 ± 0.21 Kcal/kg), crude fiber (16.88% ADF and 19.81% NDF) and potassium (2.45% ± 0.01%). Thus, the group of local chickens fed the diet containing 1% supplementation had a significantly higher live weight (1200.85 g) and carcass yield (91.99 g) (P supplementation. Additionally, individual feed consumption and average daily gain of the group at 1% supplementation were higher. In short, the flour from the pulp of the fruit of Parkia biglobosa can be supplemented up to 1% in the CPAVI pullet type feed for local chickens.

油菜黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)侵染条件研究

对采自安徽油菜黑胫病菌分离株的ITS序列进行了测定和分析,结合GenBank中的有性型Leptosphaeriamaculans和Leptosphaeria biglobosa的ITS序列构建了系统发育树,将该病菌鉴定为Leptosphaeria biglobosa。在人工气候条件下,对Leptosphaeria biglobosa侵染条件的研究表明,油菜黑胫病菌是属偏高温高湿类型的病害,在温湿度条件不能得到满足时,病害就难以完成侵染发病;温度与保湿时间对Leptosphaeria biglobosa的侵染有很大的影响,病原菌侵染的最佳温度和保湿时间组合为:温度21～24℃,保湿48 h以上。保湿48 h以下,随着保湿时间的减少及培养温度的降低或升高,病情指数均降低;但在12～72 h各保湿梯度内,随培养温度由15～21℃上升,病情指数逐渐升高,而随培养温度由21～27℃上升,病情指数逐渐降低。

温度对油菜黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)假囊壳和子囊孢子发育的影响

油菜黑胫病是双球小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)引起的一种真菌病害,在油菜产区广泛发生。为了解我国特定气候和栽培条件下的流行规律,通过室内试验和田间试验探讨了温度对罹病油菜茎秆上L.biglobosa假囊壳和子囊孢子发育的影响。室内试验结果表明:在保证环境水分(湿度)充足的条件下,温度影响L.biglobosa假囊壳和子囊孢子的发育进程。在4℃下培养105 d,成熟假囊壳比例仍低于1%,而在10、15、20和25℃下分别培养66.5、57.9、34.5和47.3 d后,成熟假囊壳比例达到50%。可见,10~25℃较4℃更适合L.biglobosa假囊壳和子囊孢子发育。武汉的田间试验结果表明:L.biglobosa越夏后(8月底),在平均气温26℃和平均降雨量为2.7 mm/d的条件下,经过56.3 d成熟假囊壳的比例达到50%。L.biglobosa越秋后(10月底),在平均气温为12℃和平均降雨量为1.5mm/d条件下,仅需28.1 d成熟假囊壳的比例即达到50%。可见秋末冬初的环境条件较夏末秋初更加适合L.biglobosa假囊壳和子囊孢子发育。研究结果还表明:L.biglobosa子囊孢子在水琼脂培养基上培养2 h后(20℃)萌发率达到100%,萌发方式是两端细胞先萌发,中间细胞后萌发,子囊孢子能直接侵染油菜子叶,引起坏死病斑。

油菜黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)T-DNA插入突变体表型特征分析

【目的】鉴定油菜黑胫病菌T-DNA随机插入突变体的表型特征。【方法】通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系获得黑胫病菌突变体,对这些突变体的生物学特性、致病性、胞外酶进行研究。【结果】大部分突变体的菌落形态与野生型菌株无明显差异;突变体生长速度和产孢量均低于野生型菌株,只有1个突变体产孢量显著高于野生型菌株;所测突变体中53%的突变体与野生型菌株相比,致病性无显著差异;有7个突变体致病性显著升高,突变体和野生型菌株均可分泌蛋白酶和淀粉酶,不分泌果胶酶和纤维素酶。【结论】获得了与野生型菌株表型最为相近的突变体T34,为黑胫病菌与寄主互作机制及其致病机制研究奠定了基础。

The Effect of Four Abiotic Factors on Macro-Anatomical Markers Development in <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>, Jack, R. Br., 1830 (Fabaceae) Crown

Interpretation of primary growth markers (modules) is neglected in sustainable resource management processes, yet it opens up prospects for long time series on tree crown development, necessary for their characterization in the current context of climate change. This study aimed to assess the morphological variation of crown shoots in Parkia biglobosa in the face of a changing environment. Axis growth modules of 420 individuals of different ages were retrospectively analyzed in the presence or absence of shading during the wet and dry seasons in seven localities in Cote d’Ivoire. The results showed that the developmental environment of individuals did not influence the growth modules dimensions (P > 0.05). However, module size remained significantly different between locations (P < 0.05). The southern part of the gradient is still favourable and has priority for the establishment of permanent plots. The modules morphology differs from the youngest to the oldest individuals (P < 0.05). The rainy season remains the ideal period for the implementation of agroforestry reforestation programmes based on this species (P < 0.05). Parkia biglobosa is a monochasial sympod (Pseudo-monopod) with a relay axis that follows the Paul Champagnat architectural model in the young stage, and transits to the Wilhelm Troll model later in the adult and old stage. This information contributes to the understanding of the functioning of crown and the adaptation of this species to a varying environment. It could guide choice of suitable environment and ideal genotype for the implementation of a reforestation or agroforestry programme based on Parkia biglobosa.

Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) Leaves, Fruits’ Pulp, and Barks of Stem and Root Phytochemicals Contents and Their Antioxidant Activities

More and more Parkia biglobosa plants’ stem barks, and roots are collected for traditional medicine uses. This work aimed to quantify Parkia biglobosa plant parts total polyphenols, total flavonoids contents and their antioxidant activities. The hypothesis was that the plant parts would have different phytochemical contents. So, leaves, stem barks, root barks and mature fruit pulp were collected. Alongside the leaves, the stem and root barks were sliced, air-dried at room temperature for 30 days. Thereafter, the samples were crushed and sieved. Following this, the powders were extracted with distilled water by maceration and decoction. As a result, the decoction was more efficient than the maceration. Leaves had the highest total polyphenol content (14.68), followed by stem barks (11.69), and root barks (9.09 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g) (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.0002). However, for total flavonoid contents, the stem barks were better than the other parts. Indeed, stem barks delivered 0.74 and were followed by leaves for 0.6, and root bark for 0.49 ± 0.02 mg EQ/g (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.0169). Finally, the antioxidant activities were 3.07 and 2.86 ± 0.1 μmol T.E/g, respectively for stem bark, and leaves (p = 0.0532). In conclusion, there is no need to debark the stems, because, in decoction, leaves and stem barks would have the same efficacy.

Manufacturing Technique and Nutritive Value of Soumbara (Parkia biglobosa Seeds) and Dark Seed of Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)

Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. This product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in C&#244;te d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing technique and the motivations for consumption of soumbara were revealed. For the chemical composition, the average water content is 13.33 ± 1.52 g/100 g MF, the average value of the ash content is 4 ± 0 g/100 g MS. The total protein and lipid levels are 16.37 ± 0.71 g/100 g DM and 21.55 ± 0.46 g/100 g DM respectively. Total carbohydrates, starch and total sugars are respectively 44.33 ± 1.46 g/100 g DM, 39.82 ± 32 g/100 g DM and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg glucose /mL. Concerning the phytochemical composition, the total polyphenols and total flavonoids have respectively contents of 2.74 ± 0.01 mg Eq AG mL of extract, and 0.82 ± 0.01 mg Eq Quer/mL of extract. The study notes that the iron and potassium contents are the most important with respectively 344.43 ± 1.20 μg/g and 174.5 ± 2.71 mg/g. The consumption survey revealed that soumbara produced in C&#244;te d’Ivoire is relatively more consumed (55.77%) than that produced in other countries (44.23%). This artisanal product is appreciated for its taste (50.97%) and its therapeutic character (37.5%) in the form of grain (68.27%), powder (23.08%) or paste (8.65%). These data show that soumbara is very rich in nutrients, polyphenols and flavonoids. These results justify the numerous uses of this ingredient, both in food and in traditional medicine.

Fermentation Effect on the Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of <i>Senegalia macrostachya</i>and <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>Seeds: A Comparative Study

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of Senegalia macrostachya and Parkia biglobosa seeds. For condiments production, the raw seeds were cleaned, cooked, drained, washed, cooked, drained and fermented. Results show that the pH increased (from 6.09 to 7.76 and from 6.99 to 7.92) from the onset of the fermentation till 48 h during fermentation of Senegalia macrostachya and Parkia biglobosa seeds respectively. Biochemical analyses revealed a slight increase in water content, ashes, lipids, minerals and a decrease in total carbohydrate for the two products. The fermentation of Senegalia macrostachya and Parkia biglobosa seeds reduced the initial phytates content by 38.21% and 41.37% respectively. Fermented seeds of Senegalia macrostachya are rich in protein (59.59 ± 0.74 g/100g DM), potassium and magnesium (1076.74 ± 37.49 mg/100g DM and 111.63 ± 06 mg/100g DM respectively) with an appreciable iron content (26.27 ± 0.06 mg/100g DM). Given its nutritional composition, fermented seeds of Senegalia macrostachya could be used as an alternative to soumbala in areas where it is not available.

The Architectural Unit Setting up and Architectural Characteristics of Néré, <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>, Jack, R. Br. (Fabaceae)

Parkia biglobosa is a much-loved and over-exploited African savannah species for its socio-economic importance. Knowing and taking into account its architectural unit, which is the basis for diagnosing phenology, productivity and tree health, could provide a new perspective on its sustainable management. The aim of this study is to establish the architectural development in Parkia biglobosa by retrospective analysis. To achieve this objective, 390 individuals of all sizes ranging from seedlings to senescent trees were observed and analysed under various soil and climatic conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that Parkia biglobosa is a light plant but shading tolerant. It is a mixed vegetative axis plant, the stem is orthotropic* in its proximal part and plagiotropic* (collapsing) in its distal part in young stage. The tree then transitions to an adult and old stage into a tree with a plagiotropic* axis in the proximal and distal parts, the trunk is built up by superimposing collapsed relay axes that gradually straighten, branching is sympodial*, growth is defined and sexuality is terminal and lateral. The ontogeny takes place in three phases: initiation of development and establishment of the crown (young), then flowering and establishment of the architectural unity (adult) and finally the death of secondary axes in the crown, duplication of the architecture by a series of partial and total reiterations (old). The level of organisation is 5: the phytomere, the module or growth unit, the axis, the architectural unit and the reiterated complex. Retrospective analysis of the modules showed that the dimensions of the growth units are indicators of morphological variation and species adaptation to a changing climate (P < 0.05). However, the equations generated by the morphological and habitat dimension linkage models are not significant (R2 and r < 0.7) to be used as a guide for field data collection. This study represents an initiation into the architectural study of this species and the information provided will serve as a basis for further research into the architecture in relation to the sustainable use of this species.

Sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous wood-ash extract of Parkia biglobosa in Mus musculus

Considering the possible health hazards associated with consumption of aqueous wood-ash extracts,this study investigated the sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous wood-ash extract of Parkia biglobosa on Mus musculus.Parkia biglobosa(5 kg)were collected and aqueous extracts of wood-ash were prepared by percolation method.Doses of 0(control),5,50 and 100 mg/kg,once a day,were administered to mice(n=10/treatment)90 days.Blood was collected by retro-orbital phlebotomy and assayed for serum creatinine,aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase,and the kidney and liver were excised for histopathology using standard methods.Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA atα0.05.Serum creatinine(mg/dL),aspartate aminotransferase(UI/L)and ALT(UI/L)increased with dosage and peaked at 100 mg/kg:2.1±0.2,128.8±8.0 and 58.0±2.9 compared to the control:0.8±0.1,89.8±5.1 and 28.5±1.4.Tubular degeneration and necrosis in the kidney,hepatocyte atrophy and dissociation of cords in the liver were observed at the 100 mg/kg dose level,while control organs had normal tissue architecture.Aqueous wood-ash extracts of P.biglobosa showed sub-chronic toxicity in Mus musculus.

黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程观察

为明确黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在甘蓝型油菜叶片和茎中的侵染及扩展过程,利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的黑胫病菌株接菌油菜叶片,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察菌株在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程。结果表明,接种油菜叶片7 h后,分生孢子萌发并长出芽管;17 h后,芽管侵入气孔;24 h后,分生孢子全部萌发;36 h后萌发的芽管形成菌丝;120 h后,菌丝在叶片表皮细胞间隙蔓延,并侵入叶肉细胞。13 d后,菌丝侵入茎部皮层组织;15 d后,菌丝在皮层细胞间隙蔓延,并侵染至茎表皮;21 d后,菌丝侵染至维管组织;23 d后,菌丝侵染至茎韧皮部;25 d后,茎导管被侵染,并向木质部扩展。本研究发现的L. biglobosa在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程,可为油菜与黑胫病菌互作的研究、黑胫病致病机理及防治提供参考。

Reducing Effect of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don Fruit Pulp on Food Intake in Healthy NMRI Mice

Obesity is a chronic condition characterised by excess body fat that leads to increased body weight. One of the most effective ways to treat obesity is to use appetite suppressants to reduce food intake. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo reduction of food intake and weight gain caused by Parkia biglobosa (Pb) fruit pulp. Twenty-four healthy NMRI mice divided into four groups were used for the experiment. Group 1, considered the negative control, received distilled water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered daily with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Pb fruit pulp powder suspension, respectively. The reduction in food intake was assessed in two phases: acute food intake for one day (24 h) and long-term food intake for seven weeks. Nutrient parameters and phenolic compounds in Pb fruit pulp were quantified. The results showed that Pb fruit pulp had a significant effect on reducing acute food intake. At a dose of 250 mg/kg, Pb had the best activity in reducing acute food intake, with an overall reduction rate of approximately 47.98% ± 1.17% compared to the control. Repeated daily administration inhibited food intake with all three doses for 13 days compared to control. Food intake was significantly decreased for up to 31 days by taking a 100 mg/kg dose of Pb (p = 0.0174). Weight gain was significantly lower (p = 0.0003) in mice treated with 100 mg/kg Pb than in controls at the end of 7 weeks. According to the nutritional composition study, Pb fruit pulp contains an abundance of total carbohydrates (68.81% ± 0.32%) and crude fiber (14.35% ± 0.21%). This study demonstrated that Pb fruit pulp effectively reduces food intake in healthy mice. Pb pulp’s richness in crude fiber and phenolic compounds makes it a potential aid in managing obesity.

甘肃省大白菜叶斑病菌分离鉴定及生物学特性测定

为明确引起甘肃省大白菜叶斑病的病原,对采自甘肃省陇南市武都区带有明显病斑症状的大白菜叶片采用组织分离法进行分离和致病性测定,结果表明菌株BCG为引起大白菜叶斑病的病原菌。其菌落圆形,中央菌丝褐色,周围菌丝白色绒毛状,分生孢子单细胞,壁光滑,透明,呈梭形或圆柱形;分生孢子器扁平,深褐色,大小204.20μm×140.88μm。利用ITS、Actin和β-tubulin基因序列分析表明,与油菜黑胫病菌(L.biglobosa)的相似性均达到了99%,且在系统发育树上聚在一起,结合形态特征将其鉴定为油菜黑胫病菌(L.biglobosa)。油菜黑胫病菌菌丝生长的最适培养基为PDA,最适生长温度为25℃,最适碳源为L-阿拉伯糖、L-鼠李糖和木糖,最适氮源为酵母浸粉;孢子萌发的最适温度为20℃,最适碳源为甘露醇,最适氮源为尿素;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适宜pH为6.0。该研究结果为国内首次报道由油菜黑胫病菌(L.biglobosa)引起大白菜叶斑病,为大白菜叶斑病的诊断和防治提供依据。

ISSR标记分析油菜黑胫病原菌遗传多样性

利用ISSR分子标记技术分析了油菜黑胫病菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）的遗传多样性。分离获得国内菌株84株，并以15株国外（英国、加拿大、波兰）油菜黑胫病菌菌株作为参照，利用筛选出的24条引物对这99株病原菌进行ISSR—PCR扩增。共扩增出245条带，遗传相似性系数为0．65～1．00，国内和国外油菜黑胫病菌菌株很明显被分为两个菌群，中国84株菌基本按地理来源分为5个类群，只有江苏省菌株分布于各个类群。各省的Nei’s基因多样性指数范围是0．1081～0．2527，而香农（Shannon’S）信息指数的范围是0．1575～0．3726，顺序为江苏〉湖北〉安徽〉内蒙古〉上海〉四川。中国与英国和加拿大菌株的遗传一致度分别为0．8343和0．7839。

油菜黑胫病研究进展

油菜黑胫病是一种世界性分布的真菌病害,由子囊菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa引起。近年来随着田间调查的深入,及其姊妹病害油菜茎基溃疡病(Leptosphaeria maculans引起)传入风险的增加,我国对油菜黑胫病的重视程度逐年增加。本文对油菜黑胫病病原菌种群、病害循环及危害症状、分布与寄主范围、分子检测技术以及综合防治等方面的研究进展进行了综述,也分析了油菜茎基溃疡病菌对我国的侵入风险,同时对我国油菜黑胫病研究和防控提出建议,并就此进行展望。

黑胫病菌侵染过程中油菜响应基因的表达分析

油菜黑胫病是造成油菜产量损失的病害之一,致病菌为Leptosphaeria biglobosa。该研究采用形态学观察和转录组测序技术,分析油菜接种病原菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa 4、12、24、36、48和96 h后的表型及基因表达变化情况,以探讨响应死体营养型真菌L.biglobosa侵染时油菜的防御反应及抗病机理,为揭示油菜与L.biglobosa互作的分子机制提供理论依据,并为培育油菜抗病品种积累了基因资源信息。结果显示:(1)接种4~96 h,叶片病斑逐渐扩大,病原菌侵染48~96 h后形成菌丝网。(2)通过RNA-Seq测序,在L.biglobosa侵染油菜的不同时间点(4、12、24、36、48和96 h)分别得到3384、2270、3802、5811、6155和7153个差异表达基因。(3)15个油菜差异表达基因的qRT-PCR检测表达水平与转录组测序结果基本一致。(4)利用短时间序列聚类和KEGG富集分析差异表达基因,结果发现植物病原菌互作、蛋白激酶、茉莉酸/乙烯/水杨酸和芥子油苷合成途径中的基因被强烈诱导表达,而且基因表达呈动态变化趋势。

不同杀菌剂对油菜黑胫病菌分生孢子萌发及菌丝生长的抑制作用

为筛选出有效防治油菜黑胫病的化学药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发抑制法,测定了6种杀菌剂对油菜黑胫病病原菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:供试的6种杀菌剂在试验浓度下对油菜黑胫病菌的分生孢子萌发及菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,相对抑制率与药剂浓度呈正相关。氟硅唑、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺对黑胫病菌的抑制作用较强,其中戊唑醇对分生孢子萌发抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.68μg/mL,氟硅唑和咪鲜胺次之,EC_(50)分别为1.90,5.55μg/mL;氟硅唑对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.11μg/mL。戊唑醇、咪鲜胺次之,EC_(50)分别为0.33,0.67μg/mL。戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咪鲜胺对油菜黑胫病的分生孢子萌发及菌丝生长具有良好的抑制作用。

油菜pgip基因去信号肽片段在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

为探讨PGIP蛋白与PG的互作及pgip基因在油菜抗黑胫菌病中的作用,根据Gen Bank中油菜pgip9、pgip15CDS序列设计引物,并去掉信号肽序列,以接种黑胫病病原菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa（菌株NM-1）7 d后油菜叶片总RNA反转录的c DNA为模板,PCR扩增出pgip9、pgip15除信号肽以外的编码区片段,并克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体p PICZαA中构建重组质粒p PICZαA-pgip9、p PICZαA-pgip15。重组质粒经单、双酶切、菌落PCR筛选鉴定后热激化法转化酵母细胞PMAD16,再经Zeocin^TM的YPD平板和菌落PCR筛选鉴定,经甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测,均在36-37 k Da处出现单一的蛋白条带,蛋白分泌表达成功。通过对pgip基因的体外表达,为探讨PGIP蛋白与PG的互作及pgip基因在抗油菜黑胫菌病中的作用奠定基础。

不同抗性油菜品种接种黑胫病菌防御酶活性变化研究

通过研究油菜体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及活性变化规律与黑胫病侵染过程、品种抗病性的关系,揭示不同油菜品种对黑胫病菌的抗病机制。用紫外分光光度计测定并比较分析抗、感品种接种前后,各种防御酶活性的变化规律。接种前,抗病品种的POD、PPO、CAT活性高于感病品种,PAL、SOD活性则与感病品种相近。接种后抗病品种表现出较高的敏感性,5种防御酶活性均迅速升高而达到峰值,且其酶活性增加量显著大于感病品种;而感病品种防御酶的活性或增幅较小或较抗病品种滞后。黑胫病菌可以诱导油菜体内5种防御酶活性变化,POD、PPO、CAT、PAL、SOD的酶活性与油菜的抗病性具有正相关关系,这些防御酶活性峰值出现的高低与早晚,可作为早期鉴定油菜抗黑胫病的生理指标。