Exploring University Campus Community’s Perceptions and Barriers toward Biking: A Case Study of the University of Tennessee Knoxville

Bicycling constitutes an integral component of sustainable non-motorized means of travel. Despite the immense benefits of bicycling, the modal share of bicycling is quite low, specifically among young and low-income commuters e.g., college and university students. This study explores the perceptions of and barriers to bicycling of the campus community at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville with the aim to identify the factors that could enhance bike use among students at the university campus as well as highlight the barriers that keep young population away from biking. An online survey about bike use at the university campus was administered and responses to the survey were recorded. On the methodological front, a binary logit model was estimated with students’ willingness to use bikes at campus as the dependent variable. The survey results revealed that about 47% of the students considered vehicular traffic as the reason for feeling unsafe while biking and emphasized having separate bike routes. Most of the respondents highlighted the need to change clothes after biking in summer or carry things as the reason for not selecting bikes as a mode of transport at the campus, whereas inadequate bike lanes, paths, or trails, insufficient lighting along bike routes, and the lack of adequate bicycle parking were highlighted as the major barriers deterring bike use within the campus. The study suggests development of a campus bike network with proper bike lanes, bike runnels, installation of safety cameras and better lighting at the campus, and bike-supporting infrastructure such as communal showers to be provided in campus buildings to encourage bike use among university students. The study findings can assist campus transportation planners in devising a sustainable campus transportation plan incorporating the influencing factors and deterrents of bike use in a university campus setting.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Using Helmets in Children amongst Parents to Prevent Head Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: The primary objective was to characterize the range of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Helmet use in children amongst parents to prevent head injuries and death. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, done by online survey using a snowball sampling technique, the number of included responses were 386 parents (Male and female) living in Riyadh Aged 21 - 60 years old or above. Results: The study showed that there is a difference in Parents’ belief in the importance of helmet use while riding a Bicycle vs Motorcycle/Quad bike and that was affected by parents’ education level, almost all the people who answered the survey (76.7%) agree that it is important for their children to wear a helmet when riding both a Bicycle and a Motorcycle or Quadbike with a cumulative percentage of (93.8%). And almost all agreed on multiple approaches to help increase helmet use be it by forcing rental shops to give out helmets, forcing sellers to recommend the use of helmets, increasing awareness campaigns, and imposing fines for not wearing helmets. Conclusions: This study is the first to explore Family helmet use while riding Bicycles and Motorcycles/Quad bikes. Although Parent’s belief in the importance of helmet use for their children was high, it is clear that the level of practice is low. With that the risk of head injuries might be high, our findings suggest that safety interventions for increasing pediatric helmet use are needed to increase helmet use and reduce the risk of head injury and hospitalization.

Analysis of temporal and spatial usage patterns of dockless bike sharing system around rail transit station area

In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage patterns of the dockless BSS around rail transit stations by using 5-weekday dockless bike sharing trip data in Nanjing,China.First,the rail transit station area(RTSA)is defined by extracting shared bike trips with trip ends falling into the area.Then,the temporal and spatial decomposition methods are developed and two criterions are calculated,namely,normalized dynamic variation of bikes(NDVB)and normalized spatial distribution of trips(NSDT).Furthermore,the temporal and spatial usage patterns are clustered and the corresponding geographical distributions of shared bikes are determined.The results show that four temporal usage patterns and two spatial patterns of dockless BSS are finally identified.Area type(urban center and suburb)has a great influence on temporal usage patterns.Spatial usage patterns are irregular and affected by limited directions,adjacent rail transit stations and street networks.The findings can help form a better understanding of dockless shared bike users behavior around rail transit stations,which will contribute to improving the service and efficiency of both rail transit and BSS.

Function Combined Method for Design Innovation of Children's Bike

As children mature, bike products for children in the market develop at the same time, and the conditions are frequently updated. Certain problems occur when using a bike, such as cycle overlapping, repeating function, and short life cycle, which go against the principles of energy conservation and the environmental protection intensive design concept. In this paper, a rational multi-function method of design through functional superposition, transformation, and technical implementation is proposed. An organic combination of frog-style scooter and children’s tricycle is developed using the multi-function method. From the ergonomic perspective, the paper elaborates on the body size of children aged 5 to 12 and effectively extracts data for a multi-function children’s bike, which can be used for gliding and riding. By inverting the body, parts can be interchanged between the handles and the pedals of the bike. Finally, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the components and structural design, body material, and processing technology of the bike. The study of Industrial Product Innovation Design provides an effective design method to solve the bicycle problems, extends the function problems, improves the product market situation, and enhances the energy saving feature while implementing intensive product development effectively at the same time.

Optimal Design and Dynamic Simulation of Mountain Bike with Rear Suspension

This paper investigates the dynamic design methodology of mountain bikes with rear suspension. Firstly, a multi-rigid body dynamic model of rider and mountain bike coupled system is constructed. The rider model includes 19 skeletons, 18 joints and 118 main muscles. Secondly, to validate the feasibility of the model, an experiment test is designed to reflect the real cycling status. Finally, aiming at enhancing the performance of the rider vibration comfort, the scale parameters of rear suspension are optimized with computer simulation and uniform design. The mathematical model in the vibration performance and the design variables is constructed with regression analysis. The result shows that when the length of side link is 90 mm, the length of connected rod is 336.115 1 mm and the included angle between absorber and side link is 60°, the mountain bike has better vibration comfort. This study and relevant conclusions are of practical importance to the design of the mountain bike＇s rear suspension system.

Using hybrid modeling for life cycle assessment of motor bike and electric bike

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is environmental evaluation of products, materials, and processes over their life cycle. Truncation uncertainty and corresponding uncertainty are main problems occurred in process life cycle assessment (PLCA) modeling and economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling. Through combination of these two modelings in different life cycle stage and use of an uncertainty reduction strategy, a hybrid life cycle assessment modeling method was proposed in this study. Case studies were presented on gasoline-powered motorbikes (M-bike) and electricity-powered electric bike (E-bike). Web-based software was developed to analyze process environmental impacts. Results show that the largest part of life cycle energy (LCE) is consumed at use stage. Less energy is consumed in life cycle of E-bike than that of M-bike. GWP (Global Warming Potential), CO (Carbon Monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter) emission of M-bike are higher than that of E-bike, especially at use stage, AP (acidification Potential) emission of E-bike is higher than that of M-bike. Comprehensively, E-bike is energy efficient and less emitting, and better choice for urban private transportation.

Mode of travel and the decision to allow children to walk or bike to schools—The Abu Dhabi experience

The study investigates school travel to and from schools as perceived by parents in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Far fewer children are cycling or walking to school, and more and more are being driven to school by car. Traffic conditions, environmental factors, distance to school, road’s infrastructures, walking or biking with groups, schools efforts to educate children about active travel, and preferences of parents to accompany children to school were significantly perceived as important. The absence of active travel culture in the community was seen as a significant factor. Parent’s gender, child’s gender, child’s grade level, number of cars owned by the family, nationality and number of children were significantly associated with parents’ decisions to allow active travel to school. Results show that Abu Dhabi must establish aggressive strategic plans to promote active-commuting to school as the main mode of transportation. Current conditions in Abu Dhabi City are not conducive to active travel to school.

Investigating User Ridership Sentiments for Bike Sharing Programs

Bike sharing is considered a state-of-the-art transportation program. It is ideal for short or medium trips providing riders the ability to pick up a bike at any self-serve bike station and return it to any bike station located within the system’s coverage area. The bike sharing programs in the United States are still very young compared to those in European countries. Washington DC was the first jurisdiction to devise a third generation bike sharing system in the US in 2008. To evaluate the popularity of a bike sharing program, a sentiment analysis of the riders’ feedback can be performed. Twitter is a great platform to understand people’s views instantly. Social media mining is, thus, gaining popularity in many research areas including transportation. Social media mining has two major advantages over conventional attitudinal survey methods—it can easily reach a large audience and it can reflect the true behavior of participants because of the anonymity social media provides. It is known that self-imposed censor is common in responding to conversational attitudinal surveys. This study performed text mining on the tweets related to a case study (Capital Bike share of Washington DC) to perform sentiment analysis or opinion mining. The results of the text mining mostly revealed higher positive sentiments towards the current system.

Inspiration of “Internet + Shared bike” for Healthy Exercise of University Students

As the economy and technology keep growing,the mode of shared bikes gains popularity under these circumstances.At the current period,university students become fond of using shared bikes,which changes body health and life style of university students.When this mode combines the characteristics and functions of shared bikes,it has a great impact on the awareness and motivation of work-out of university students.Supported by Internet technology,shared bikes meet the need of people that they can use them at any time,which is new and innovative to the university students.This article provides university students with shared bike service in campus by analyzing the influence of“Internet+shared bike”on health and sports of university students.It will promote the effective application of shared bikes.

纪录片《Bike与旧电钢》的美学特征分析

如何让受众从心底里接受片中的两位极具个性的艺术家,并进而发现其中所蕴含的美学思想,是纪录片《bike与旧电钢》重点解决的问题。导演邵攀从生活之美、纪实之美和情色之美三方面入手,让受众理解和接受人物生活状态,并张开发现美的眼睛。正如艺术家罗丹所说,世界中从不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。

Life Cycle Assessment of Motor Bike and Electric Bike in Urban Areas of China

Motor bikes (m-bike) and electric bikes (e-bike) are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential (GWP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), dissolved solids (DS), hydrocarbons (HC) than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential (AP), heavy metal (HM) than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.

Self-Organized Bike Redistribution in Urban City

Bicycle is an affordable and environmental friendly alternative to private cars and public transportation. Recently, some big cities in China established the bike-sharing system (BSS) through which people can rent bikes offered by government or commercial companies. However, due to limited parking space, it is often difficult for bikers to park their bicycles in bike stations. This paper envisions approaching this problem by using a self-organized bike redistribution strategy: as time passes by, bike society will form an equilibrium state of bike redistribution.

Research on the Traveling Characteristics and Comparison of Bike Sharing in College Campus-A Case Study in Hangzhou

Bike sharing emerging from college campus in China's Mainland has become a major part in the daily traveling of Chinese urban residents.It changes the traveling behavior of urban residents,and simultaneously,raises higher requirements on urban transportation facility construction and management.However,the return of bike sharing to college campus causes more troubles to schools.The fundamental cause is the closed peculiarity of campus traveling comparing with city traveling,and also the discrepancy between college campuses of different types.This paper investigates the traveling characteristics of bike sharing in college campus in three different locations in Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province of China in the questionnaire,and compares the discrepancy with urban bike sharing traveling characteristics and the discrepancy in bike sharing use between college campuses of different types.From the perspective of parking,maintenance and operation,and hardware design,the paper eventually raises suggestions to optimize independent college campus bike sharing service facility and management consistent with urban system.The research may also offer beneficial reference to the release of bike sharing facilities consistent with urban system in all sorts of independent parks,especially college campus.

浅析纪录片《bike与旧电钢》——艺术与商业的碰撞

在影视文化领域中,艺术性与商业性始终冲突不断,甚至泾渭分明。大众普遍接受娱乐性强、轻松的影片,文艺片的生存空间狭小,成为了当下迫切需要解决的问题。本文以纪录片《bike与旧电钢》为研究对象,探究艺术与商业的碰撞和融合。

《Bike与旧电钢》:咄咄俗中愚,且当从黄绮

纵然已经时隔一年多,还是很难准确复述出第一次看到《Bike与旧电钢》时的那份心情：震惊,兴奋,甚至怀疑眼前这两个人物是否真实。而漫长的三小时结束后,封闭的观影空间内,却仿佛有清风徐来。一对耍宝师徒,徒弟是吉普赛式穿街入巷的巡回表演者,师父则是大罗散仙一般的都市浪荡人。于当下中国城市生活,两个人都是百分百的局外人,唯一区别在于徒弟尚有一颗红尘之心不死,而师父则几乎已经把自己活到全然通透,出世入世于他,再也不是问题。

On Your Bike!

The bicycle was invented 200 years ago. So why have sales suddenly boomed in the UK? Why are so many people choosing to change their lifestyles? Sporting Success Cycling has become more popular in the UK recently for a number of reasons.One of those reasons,however,must be the three gold medals won by the British cyclist Chris

走马第2届“德国慕尼黑国际自行车展BIKE EXPO”

由德国运动用品大展（ispo）主办、慕尼黑国际博览集团协办的第2届“慕尼黑国际自行车展（BIKEEXPO）”，已于2010年7月22～25日盛大举行。据主办单位表示，为期4天的会展共有来自25个国家和地区的285家厂商参加，较去年增加25％。

Analysis of Financial Accounting Problems Based on Sharing Economy——Taking Bike Sharing as an Example

Bike sharing is a new type of"Internet+"model.At present,China has not yet introduced relevant Internet operating systems and accounting standards.There is still a big problem in the financial accounting and processing of the bike sharing platform.This paper firstly summarizes the development status of bike sharing,then analyzes the related financial accounting problems of bike sharing with the example of Mobike,and points out the main problems faced by the financial accounting of bike sharing short-time rental model,and finally proposes countermeasures for the financial accounting of bike sharing short-time rental model.