Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and C...Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi that are not amenable to routine endotherapy.Pancreatic calculi in the head and body are targeted by ESWL,with an aim to fragment them to<3 mm diameter so that they can be extracted by subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).In our experience,complete clearance of the pancreatic duct was achieved in 76% and partial clearance in 17%of 1006 patients.Short-term pain relief with reduction in the number of analgesics ingested was seen in 84%of these patients.For large CBD calculi,a nasobiliary tube is placed to help target the calculi,as well as bathe the calculi in salinea simple maneuver which helps to facilitate fragmenta-tion.The aim is to fragment calculi to<5 mm size and clear the same during ERCP.Complete clearance of the CBD was achieved in 84.4%of and partial clearance in 12.3%of 283 patients.More than 90%of the patients with pancreatic and biliary calculi needed three or fewer sessions of ESWL with 5000 shocks being de-livered at each session.The use of epidural anesthesia helped in reducing patient movement.This,together with the better focus achieved with newer third-gen-eration lithotripters,prevents collateral tissue damage and minimizes the complications.Complications in our experience with nearly 1300 patients were minimal,and no extension of hospital stay was required.Similar rates of clearance of pancreatic and biliary calculi with minimal adverse effects have been reported from the centers where ESWL is performed regularly.In view of its high efficiency,non-invasive nature and low complication rates,ESWL can be offered as the first-line therapy for selected patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). METHODS: ESWL is an effective, non-invasive technique for the treatment of difficult pancreatic and large ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). METHODS: ESWL is an effective, non-invasive technique for the treatment of difficult pancreatic and large bile duct calculi. The procedure is often painful and requires large doses of analgesics. Many different anesthetic techniques have been used. Patients with either large bile duct calculi or pancreatic duct calculi which could not be extracted by routine endoscopic methods were selected. Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) was routinely used in all the subjects unless contraindicated. Bupivacaine 0.25% with or without clonidine was used to block the segments D6 to D12. The dose was calculated depending on the age, height and weight of the patient. It was usually 1-2 mL per segment blocked.RESULTS: Ninety eight percent of the 1509 patients underwent ESWL under TEA. The subjects selected were within American Society of Anesthesiologists grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ. ESWL using EA permitted successful elimination of bile duct or pancreatic calculi with minimal morbidity. The procedure time was shorter in patients with TEA than in those who underwent ESWL under total intravenous anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Almost all patients undergoing ESWL with EA had effective blocks with a single catheter insertion and local anesthetic injection.展开更多
目的探讨对于复杂性胆总管结石行腹腔镜下胆总管探查(Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)术后,同时行胆总管一期缝合的安全性及可行性研究.方法回顾性分析2019年12月~2022年09月我科收治的75例复杂性胆总管结石患者的临...目的探讨对于复杂性胆总管结石行腹腔镜下胆总管探查(Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)术后,同时行胆总管一期缝合的安全性及可行性研究.方法回顾性分析2019年12月~2022年09月我科收治的75例复杂性胆总管结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为胆管一期缝合组(Primary duct closure,PDC)和T管外引流组(T tube drainage,TTD),其中30例行LCBDE+PDC术,45例行LCBDE+TTD术,比较两组患者性别、年龄、术前合并症、术前白细胞水平、手术时间、术胆总管直径、最大结石直径、结石数目、住院费用、术后并发症、术后住院时间等围术期资料.结果两组在性别、年龄BMI、术前合并症等一般资料中差异无统计学意义;一期缝合组和T管组的手术时间分别为(110.30±18.81)min、(157.56±51.88)min,术中出血量分别为(19.57±14.88)ml、(32.89±30.85)ml,引流管拔除时间分别为(5.03±0.98)d、(6.02±1.74)d,术后住院时间分别为(6.50±1.63)d、(9.20±3.14)d,住院费用分别为(23028.37±3590.62)元、(31514.16±9977.78)元差异有统计学意义;其余在胆管直径、最大结石直径、术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论复杂性胆管结石患者并非是胆管一期缝合的禁忌症,在术者有足够的腔镜手术经验、充分暴露胆管、取净结石的前提下行胆管一期缝合是安全可行的.展开更多
文摘Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi that are not amenable to routine endotherapy.Pancreatic calculi in the head and body are targeted by ESWL,with an aim to fragment them to<3 mm diameter so that they can be extracted by subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).In our experience,complete clearance of the pancreatic duct was achieved in 76% and partial clearance in 17%of 1006 patients.Short-term pain relief with reduction in the number of analgesics ingested was seen in 84%of these patients.For large CBD calculi,a nasobiliary tube is placed to help target the calculi,as well as bathe the calculi in salinea simple maneuver which helps to facilitate fragmenta-tion.The aim is to fragment calculi to<5 mm size and clear the same during ERCP.Complete clearance of the CBD was achieved in 84.4%of and partial clearance in 12.3%of 283 patients.More than 90%of the patients with pancreatic and biliary calculi needed three or fewer sessions of ESWL with 5000 shocks being de-livered at each session.The use of epidural anesthesia helped in reducing patient movement.This,together with the better focus achieved with newer third-gen-eration lithotripters,prevents collateral tissue damage and minimizes the complications.Complications in our experience with nearly 1300 patients were minimal,and no extension of hospital stay was required.Similar rates of clearance of pancreatic and biliary calculi with minimal adverse effects have been reported from the centers where ESWL is performed regularly.In view of its high efficiency,non-invasive nature and low complication rates,ESWL can be offered as the first-line therapy for selected patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). METHODS: ESWL is an effective, non-invasive technique for the treatment of difficult pancreatic and large bile duct calculi. The procedure is often painful and requires large doses of analgesics. Many different anesthetic techniques have been used. Patients with either large bile duct calculi or pancreatic duct calculi which could not be extracted by routine endoscopic methods were selected. Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) was routinely used in all the subjects unless contraindicated. Bupivacaine 0.25% with or without clonidine was used to block the segments D6 to D12. The dose was calculated depending on the age, height and weight of the patient. It was usually 1-2 mL per segment blocked.RESULTS: Ninety eight percent of the 1509 patients underwent ESWL under TEA. The subjects selected were within American Society of Anesthesiologists grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ. ESWL using EA permitted successful elimination of bile duct or pancreatic calculi with minimal morbidity. The procedure time was shorter in patients with TEA than in those who underwent ESWL under total intravenous anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Almost all patients undergoing ESWL with EA had effective blocks with a single catheter insertion and local anesthetic injection.
文摘目的探讨对于复杂性胆总管结石行腹腔镜下胆总管探查(Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)术后,同时行胆总管一期缝合的安全性及可行性研究.方法回顾性分析2019年12月~2022年09月我科收治的75例复杂性胆总管结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为胆管一期缝合组(Primary duct closure,PDC)和T管外引流组(T tube drainage,TTD),其中30例行LCBDE+PDC术,45例行LCBDE+TTD术,比较两组患者性别、年龄、术前合并症、术前白细胞水平、手术时间、术胆总管直径、最大结石直径、结石数目、住院费用、术后并发症、术后住院时间等围术期资料.结果两组在性别、年龄BMI、术前合并症等一般资料中差异无统计学意义;一期缝合组和T管组的手术时间分别为(110.30±18.81)min、(157.56±51.88)min,术中出血量分别为(19.57±14.88)ml、(32.89±30.85)ml,引流管拔除时间分别为(5.03±0.98)d、(6.02±1.74)d,术后住院时间分别为(6.50±1.63)d、(9.20±3.14)d,住院费用分别为(23028.37±3590.62)元、(31514.16±9977.78)元差异有统计学意义;其余在胆管直径、最大结石直径、术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论复杂性胆管结石患者并非是胆管一期缝合的禁忌症,在术者有足够的腔镜手术经验、充分暴露胆管、取净结石的前提下行胆管一期缝合是安全可行的.
