The formation of bile depends on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus and its impairment, in different situations, results in the syndrome of cholestasis. The structural bases that p...The formation of bile depends on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus and its impairment, in different situations, results in the syndrome of cholestasis. The structural bases that permit bile secretion as well as various aspects related with its composition and flow rate in physiological conditions will first be reviewed. Canalicular bile is produced by polarized hepatocytes that hold transporters in their basolateral (sinusoidal) and apical (canalicular) plasma membrane. This review summarizes recent data on the molecular determinants of this primary bile formation. The major function of the biliary tree is modification of canalicular bile by secretory and reabsorptive processes in bileduct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) as bile passes through bile ducts. The mechanisms of fluid and solute transport in cholangiocytes will also be discussed. In contrast to hepatocytes where secretion is constant and poorly controlled, cholangiocyte secretion is regulated by hormones and nerves. A short section dedicated to these regulatory mechanisms of bile secretion has been included. The aim of this revision was to set the bases for other reviews in this series that will be devoted to specific issues related with biliary physiology and pathology.展开更多
During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has...During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has evolved considerably. In the series of mini-reviews that the World Journal of Gastroenterology is to publish in its section of ＂Highlight Topics＇; we will intend to give a brief but updated overview of our knowledge in this field. This introductory letter is intended to thank all scientists who have contributed to the development of this area of knowledge in gastroenterology.展开更多
This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gal...This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, i.e. acute pancreatitis and obstructive jandice, can be lethal, and patients with acalculous gallbladder pain often pose diagnostic difficulties and undergo repeated ultrasound scans and oral cholecystograms. Moreover, surgery to remove the gallbladder in these patients, in an attempt to relieve the symptoms, gives variable results. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the physiological and pathological functions of the biliary system, but the mechanism of the pathogenesis of gallstones and pain production still remain poorly understood. It is believed that the mechanical factors play an essential role in the mechanisms of the gallstone formation and biliary diseases. However, despite the extensive literature in clinical studies, only limited work has been carried out to study the biliary system from the mechanical point of view. In this paper, we discuss the state of art knowledge of the fluid dynamics of bile flow in the biliary tract, the solid mechanics of the gallbladder and bile ducts, recent mathematical and numerical modelling of the system, and finally the future challenges in the area.展开更多
通过采用硫酸铵盐析法、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析法提取分离制备苦荞水溶性蛋白,并通过磷酸盐缓冲液pH值、动态层析流速的最佳选择改善分离提纯效果。同时通过体外吸附胆酸盐能力的测定证实所提取分离得到的苦荞水溶性蛋...通过采用硫酸铵盐析法、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析法提取分离制备苦荞水溶性蛋白,并通过磷酸盐缓冲液pH值、动态层析流速的最佳选择改善分离提纯效果。同时通过体外吸附胆酸盐能力的测定证实所提取分离得到的苦荞水溶性蛋白具有一定的降血脂功能。结果发现:当磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH值为6.5、流速1.0mL/min于室温下洗脱的效果最好,得到的3个主要分离组分中峰3的体外吸附胆酸盐能力最佳。展开更多
文摘The formation of bile depends on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus and its impairment, in different situations, results in the syndrome of cholestasis. The structural bases that permit bile secretion as well as various aspects related with its composition and flow rate in physiological conditions will first be reviewed. Canalicular bile is produced by polarized hepatocytes that hold transporters in their basolateral (sinusoidal) and apical (canalicular) plasma membrane. This review summarizes recent data on the molecular determinants of this primary bile formation. The major function of the biliary tree is modification of canalicular bile by secretory and reabsorptive processes in bileduct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) as bile passes through bile ducts. The mechanisms of fluid and solute transport in cholangiocytes will also be discussed. In contrast to hepatocytes where secretion is constant and poorly controlled, cholangiocyte secretion is regulated by hormones and nerves. A short section dedicated to these regulatory mechanisms of bile secretion has been included. The aim of this revision was to set the bases for other reviews in this series that will be devoted to specific issues related with biliary physiology and pathology.
文摘During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has evolved considerably. In the series of mini-reviews that the World Journal of Gastroenterology is to publish in its section of ＂Highlight Topics＇; we will intend to give a brief but updated overview of our knowledge in this field. This introductory letter is intended to thank all scientists who have contributed to the development of this area of knowledge in gastroenterology.
文摘This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, i.e. acute pancreatitis and obstructive jandice, can be lethal, and patients with acalculous gallbladder pain often pose diagnostic difficulties and undergo repeated ultrasound scans and oral cholecystograms. Moreover, surgery to remove the gallbladder in these patients, in an attempt to relieve the symptoms, gives variable results. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the physiological and pathological functions of the biliary system, but the mechanism of the pathogenesis of gallstones and pain production still remain poorly understood. It is believed that the mechanical factors play an essential role in the mechanisms of the gallstone formation and biliary diseases. However, despite the extensive literature in clinical studies, only limited work has been carried out to study the biliary system from the mechanical point of view. In this paper, we discuss the state of art knowledge of the fluid dynamics of bile flow in the biliary tract, the solid mechanics of the gallbladder and bile ducts, recent mathematical and numerical modelling of the system, and finally the future challenges in the area.
文摘通过采用硫酸铵盐析法、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析法提取分离制备苦荞水溶性蛋白,并通过磷酸盐缓冲液pH值、动态层析流速的最佳选择改善分离提纯效果。同时通过体外吸附胆酸盐能力的测定证实所提取分离得到的苦荞水溶性蛋白具有一定的降血脂功能。结果发现:当磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH值为6.5、流速1.0mL/min于室温下洗脱的效果最好,得到的3个主要分离组分中峰3的体外吸附胆酸盐能力最佳。
