Failure of sequential biliary stenting for unsuccessful common bile duct stone removal

AIM: To determine the factors associated with the failure of stone removal by a biliary stenting strategy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 645 patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for stone removal in Siriraj GI Endoscopy center, Siriraj Hospital from June 2009 to June 2012. A total of 42 patients with unsuccessful initial removal of large CBD stones that underwent sequential biliary stenting were enrolled in the present study. The demographic data, laboratory results, stone characteristics, procedure details, and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed. In addition, the patients were classified into two groups based on outcome, successful or failed sequential biliary stenting, and the above factors were compared. RESULTS: Among the initial 42 patients with unsuccessful initial removal of large CBD stones, there were 37 successful biliary stenting cases and five failed cases. Complete CBD clearance was achieved in 88.0% of cases. The average number of sessions needed beforecomplete stone removal was achieved was 2.43 at an average of 25 wk after the first procedure. Complications during the follow-up period occurred in 19.1% of cases, comprising ascending cholangitis (14.3%) and pancreatitis (4.8%). The factors associated with failure of complete CBD stone clearance in the biliary stenting group were unchanged CBD stone size after the first biliary stenting attempt (10.2 wk) and a greater number of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography sessions performed (4.2 sessions). CONCLUSION: The sequential biliary stenting is an effective management strategy for the failure of initial large CBD stone removal.

Biliary metal stents should be placed near the hilar duct in distal malignant biliary stricture patients

BACKGROUND Endoscopic biliary drainage using a self-expandable metallic stent(SEMS)has been widely performed to treat distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).However,the optimal position of the stent remains unclear.AIM To determine the ideal position for SEMS placement.METHODS In total,135 DMBO patients underwent SEMS(uncovered or covered)placement over a ten-year period.A total of 127 patients with biliary obstruction between the junction of the cystic duct and Vater’s papilla were enrolled.An SEMS was placed through the upper common bile duct 2 cm from the biliary hilar duct in 83 patients(Hilar group)or near the top of the biliary obstruction in 44 patients(Lower group).Technical and functional success,adverse events,and risk factors for SEMS dysfunction were evaluated.RESULTS The stent patency period was significantly longer in the Hilar group than in the Lower group(P value<0.01).In multivariate analysis,the only statistically significant risk factor for SEMS dysfunction was being in the Lower group(hazard ratio:9.94,95%confidence interval:2.25–44.0,P<0.01).CONCLUSION A longer patency period was achieved by positioning the SEMS near the biliary hilar duct.

Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents

AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life.

New 14-mm diameter Niti-S biliary uncovered metal stent for unresectable distal biliary malignant obstruction

AIM To investigate whether an uncovered self-expandable metal stent(UCSEMS) with a large diameter could prevent recurrent biliary obstruction(RBO).METHODS Thirty-eight patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent treatment with an UCSEMS with a 14-mm diameter(Niti-S 14). Retrospectively, we evaluated technical and functional success rate, RBO rate, time to RBO, survival time, and adverse events in these patients.RESULTS Stent placement success and functional success were achieved in all patients. Two patients(5.3%) had RBO due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth. The median time to RBO was 190(range, 164-215) d. The median survival time was 120(range, 18-502) d. The 6-mo non-RBO rate was 91%. Other adverse events other than RBO occurred as follows: Acute cholecystitis, post-ERCP pancreatitis, hemobilia, and fever without exacerbation of liver injury, and liver abscess in 4(10.3%), 3(7.9%), 2(5.3%), 1(2.6%), and 1(2.6%), respectively. Migration of the stents was not observed.CONCLUSION Niti-S 14 is considered to be a preferable metal stent because of a low rate of RBO with no migration.

Endoscopic multiple metal stenting for the treatment of enteral leaks near the biliary orifice: A novel effective rescue procedure

Between April 2013 and October 2015, 6 patients developed periampul ary duodenal or jejunal/biliary leaks after major abdominal surgery. In all patients, percutaneous drainage of the collection or re-operation with primary surgical repair was attempted at first but failed. A fully covered enteral metal stent was placed in all patients to seal the leak. Subsequently, we cannulated the common bile duct and, in some cases, and the main pancreatic duct inserting hydrophilic guidewires through the stent after dilating the stent mesh with a dilatation balloon or breaking the meshes with Argon Plasma Beam. Finally, we inserted a fully covered biliary metal stent to drain the bile into the lumen of the enteral stent. In cases of normal proximal upper gastrointestinal anatomy, a pancreatic plastic stent was also inserted. Oral food intake was initiated when the abdominal drain outflow stopped completely. Stent removal was scheduled four to eight weeks later after a CT scan to confirm the complete healing of the fistula and the absence of any perilesional residual fluid collection. The leak resolved in five patients. One patient died two days after the procedure due to severe, pre-existing, sepsis. The stents were removed endoscopically in four weeks in four patients. In one patient we experiencedstent migration causing small bowel obstruction. In this case, the stents were removed surgically. Four patients are still alive today. They are still under follow-up and doing well. Bilio-enteral fully covered metal stenting with or without pancreatic stenting was feasible, safe and effective in treating postoperative enteral leaks near the biliopancreatic orifice in our small series. This minimally invasive procedure can be implemented in selected patients as a rescue procedure to repair these challenging leaks.

Successful stent-in-stent dilatation of the common bile duct through a duodenal prosthesis,a novel technique for malignant obstruction:A case report and review of literature

For patients suffering from both biliary and duodenal obstruction,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with stent placement is the treatment of choice.ERCP through an already existing duodenal prosthesis is an uncommon procedure and furthermore no studies have reported installing a covered metal stent onto an already existing bare metal stent in the common bile duct(CBD).We describe a rare case of a stent-in-stent dilatation of the CBD through an already existing self-expanding metal stent in the second part of duodenum for the patient presenting with jaundice in setting of biliary and duodenal obstruction from pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The biliary obstruction was relieved with a decrease in bilirubin levels post-stenting.

胰管支架置入对急性胆源性胰腺炎患者预后及并发症的影响

目的分析急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)患者应用胰管支架置入治疗对预后及并发症的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月收治的300例ABP患者,按治疗方法不同分组,A组100例行鼻胆管引流治疗,B组100例行开腹胆总管探查联合T型管引流术治疗,C组100例行鼻胆管引流联合胰管支架置入治疗,对比3组肝功能、并发症、死亡率及恢复情况。结果B组术后总胆红素(TBIL)、天冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平低于A组(P<0.05);C组术后TBIL、AST、ALT水平低于A组和B组(P<0.05);B组恢复进食时间、体温恢复时间、住院时间较A组更短(P<0.05);C组恢复进食时间、腹痛消失时间、体温恢复时间及住院时间短于A组和B组(P<0.05);C组并发症发生率4.00%低于A组的12.00%(P<0.05);C组1.00%死亡率低于A组8.00%(P<0.05)。结论ABP患者应用胰管支架置入治疗,可有缩短患者恢复时间,有利于改善肝功能,死亡率低,且并发症少。

CT联合分泌型卷曲受体蛋白4及可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白对恶性胆道梗阻患者术后并发胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的探讨计算机断层扫描(CT)联合血清分泌型卷曲受体蛋白4(SFRP4)及可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)对恶性胆道梗阻(MBO)患者胆管支架置入术后并发胰腺炎的诊断价值。方法选取行胆管支架置入术的243例MBO患者为研究对象,根据术后并发胰腺炎情况分为胰腺炎组105例和无胰腺炎组138例。采用酶联免疫法检测SFRP4、sST2水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和四表格法分析SFRP4、sST2单独及联合CT诊断术后并发胰腺炎的临床价值。结果胰腺炎组血清SFRP4、sST2水平高于无胰腺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清SFRP4、sST2水平诊断术后并发胰腺炎的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.694、0.667。CT诊断术后并发胰腺炎的敏感度为76.19%,特异度为60.87%;CT联合血清SFRP4、sST2水平诊断术后并发胰腺炎的敏感度为98.10%、准确度为76.54%;三者联合诊断的敏感度和准确度高于CT、SFRP4、sST2单独诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胆管支架置入术后并发胰腺炎的MBO患者血清SFRP4、sST2水平较高,CT联合血清SFRP4、sST2水平对术后并发胰腺炎具有较高的诊断价值。

Repair of a common bile duct defect with a decellularized ureteral graft

AIM To evaluate the feasibility of repairing a common bile duct defect with a decellularized ureteral graft in a porcine model.METHODS Eighteen pigs were randomly divided into three groups. An approximately 1 cm segment of the common bile duct was excised from all the pigs. The defect was repaired using a 2 cm long decellularized ureteral graft over a T-tube(T-tube group, n = 6) or a silicone stent(stent group, n = 6). Six pigs underwent bile duct reconstruction with a graft alone(stentless group). The surviving animals were euthanized at 3 mo. Specimens of the common bile ducts were obtained for histological analysis.RESULTS The animals in the T-tube and stent groups survived until sacrifice. The blood test results were normal in both groups. The histology results showed a biliary epithelial layer covering the neo-bile duct. In contrast, all the animals in the stentless group died due to biliary peritonitis and cholangitis within two months post-surgery. Neither biliary epithelial cells nor accessory glands were observed at the graft sites in the stentless group.CONCLUSION Repair of a common bile duct defect with a decellularized ureteral graft appears to be feasible. A T-tube or intraluminal stent was necessary to reduce postoperative complications.

Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography inthe management of benign biliary strictures:What's new?

Benign biliary strictures comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. The most common strictures amenable to endoscopic treatment are post-cholecystectomy, post-liver transplantation, related to primary sclerosing cholangitis and to chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic treatment of benign biliary strictures is widely used as first line therapy, since it is effective, safe, noninvasive and repeatable. Endoscopic techniques currently used are dilation, multiple plastic stents insertion and fully covered self-expandable metal stents. The main indication for dilation alone is primary sclerosing cholangitis related strictures. In the vast majority of the remaining cases, temporary placement of multiple plastic stents with/without dilation is considered the treatment of choice. Although this approach is effective, it requires multiple endoscopic sessions due to the short duration of stent patency. Fully covered self-expandable metal stents appear as a good alternative to plastic stents, since they have an increased radial diameter, longer stent patency, easier insertion technique and similar efficacy. Recent advances in endoscopic technique and various devices have allowed successful treatment in most cases. The development of novel endoscopic techniques and devices is still ongoing.

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of biliary leak in patients following liver transplantation:a prospective clinical study

BACKGROUND: Orthotopic liver transplantation has been widely used in patients with end-stage liver disease within the last two decades. However, the prevalence of biliary complications after liver transplantation remains high. The most common short-term biliary complication may be biliary leak. So, we examined 13 patients with biliary leak after liver transplantation, attempting to evaluate the role of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of biliary leak and the incidence of bile duct stricture after healing of the leak. METHODS: Six cases of T-tube leak and seven cases of anastomosis leak complicating liver transplantation were enrolled in this prospective study. Six patients were treated by endoscopic plastic stent placement, two by nasobiliary catheter drainage, two by papillosphincterotomy, and three by nasobiliary catheter drainage combined with plastic stent placement. Some patients received growth hormone treatment. RESULTS: The bile leak resolution time was 10-35 days in 10 patients with complete documentation. The median time of leak resolution was 15.3 days. Four cases of anastomosis stricture, three cases of common hepatic duct and one case of multiple bile duct stenosis were detected by follow-up nasobiliary catheter cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic nasobiliary catheter or plastic stent placement is a safe and effective treatment for bile duct stricture occurring after bile leak resolution in most liver transplantation patients. Nasobiliary catheter combined with plastic stent placement may be the best choice for treating bile leak, because, theoretically, it may prevent the serious condition resulting from accidental nasobiliary catheter dislocation, and it may have prophylactic effects on upcoming bile duct stricture, although this should be further confirmed.

Pancreatic guidewire placement for achieving selective biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

AIM: To investigate the frequency and risk factors for acute pancreatitis after pancreatic guidewire placement (P-GW) in achieving cannulation of the bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). METHODS: P-GW was performed in 113 patients in whom cannulation of the bile duct was difficult. The success rate of biliary cannulation, the frequency and risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and the frequency of spontaneous migration of the pancreatic duct stent were investigated. RESULTS: Selective biliary cannulation with P-GW was achieved in 73% of the patients. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 12% (14 patients: mild, 13; moderate, 1). Prophylactic pancreatic stenting was attempted in 59% of the patients. Of the 64 patients who successfully underwent stent placement, three developed mild pancreatitis (4.7%). Of the 49 patients without stent placement, 11 developed pancreatitis (22%: mild, 10; moderate, 1). Of the five patients in whom stent placement was unsuccessful, two developed mild pancreatitis. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no pancreatic stenting to be the only significant risk factor for pancreatitis. Spontaneous migration of the stent was observed within two weeks in 92% of the patients who had undergone pancreatic duct stenting.CONCLUSION: P-GW is useful for achieving selective biliary cannulation. Pancreatic duct stenting after P-GW can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, which requires evaluation by means of prospective randomized controlled trials.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage-current status and future perspectives

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with stenting is the treatment modality of choice for patients with benign and malignant bile duct obstruction.ERCP could fail in cases of duodenal obstruction,duodenal diverticulum,ampullary neoplastic infiltration or surgically altered anatomy.In these cases percutaneous biliary drainage(PTBD)is traditionally used as a rescue procedure but is related to high morbidity and mortality and lower quality of life.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)is a relatively new interventional procedure that arose due to the development of curvilinear echoendoscope and the various endoscopic devices.A large amount of data is already collected that proves its efficacy,safety and ability to replace PTBD in cases of ERCP failure.It is also possible that EUS-BD could be chosen as a first-line treatment option in some clinical scenarios in the near future.Several EUS-BD techniques are developed EUS-guided transmural stenting,antegrade stenting and rendezvous technique and can be personalized depending on the individual anatomy.EUS-BD is normally performed in the same session from the same endoscopist in case of ERCP failure.The lack of training,absence of enough dedicated devices and lack of standardization still makes EUS-BD a difficult and not very popular procedure,which is related to life-threatening adverse events.Developing training models,dedicated devices and guidelines hopefully will make EUS-BD easier,safer and well accepted in the future.This paper focuses on the technical aspects of the different EUS-BD procedures,available literature data,advantages,negative aspects and the future perspectives of these modalities.

How do we manage post-OLT redundant bile duct?

AIM: To address endoscopic outcomes of post-Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients diagnosed with a "redundant bile duct" (RBD). METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent OLT at the Liver Transplant Center, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Texas were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with suspected biliary tract complications (BTC) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All ERCP were performed by experienced biliary endoscopist. RBD was defined as a looped, sigmoid-shaped bile duct on cholangiogram with associated cholestatic liver biomarkers. Patients with biliary T-tube placement, biliary anastomotic strictures, bile leaks, bile-duct stonessludge and suspected sphincter of oddi dysfunction were excluded. Therapy included single or multiple biliary stents with or without sphincterotomy. The incidence of RBD, the number of ERCP corrective sessions, and the type of endoscopic interventions were recorded. Successful response to endoscopic therapy was defined as resolution of RBD with normalization of associated cholestasis. Laboratory data and pertinent radiographic imaging noted included the pre-ERCP period and a follow up period of 6-12 mo after the last ERCP intervention. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and eighty-two patient records who received OLT from 1992 through 2011 were reviewed. Two hundred and twenty-four patients underwent ERCP for suspected BTC. RBD was reported in each of the initial cholangiograms. Twentyone out of 1282 (1.6%) were identified as having RBD. There were 12 men and 9 women, average age of 59.6 years. Primary indication for ERCP was cholestatic pattern of liver associated biomarkers. Nineteen out of 21 patients underwent endoscopic therapy and 2/21 required immediate surgical intervention. In the endoscopically managed group: 65 ERCP procedures were performed with an average of 3.4 per patient and 1.1 stent per session. Fifteen out of 19 (78.9%) patients were successfully managed with biliary stenting. All stents were plastic. Selection of stent size and length were based upon endoscopist preference. Stent size ranged from 7 to 11.5 Fr (average stent size 10 Fr); Stent length ranged from 6 to 15 cm (average length 9 cm). Concurrent biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 10/19 patients. Single ERCP session was sufficient in 6/15 (40.0%) patients, whereas 4/15 (26.7%) patients needed two ERCP sessions and 5/15 (33.3%) patients required more than two (average of 5.4 ERCP procedures). Single biliary stent was sufficient in 5 patients; the remaining patients required an average of 4.9 stents. Four out of 19 (21.1%) patients failed endotherapy (lack of resolution of RBD and recurrent cholestasis in the absence of biliary stent) and required either choledocojejunostomy (2/4) or percutaneous biliary drainage (2/4). Endoscopic complications included: 2/65 (3%) post-ERCP pancreatitis and 2/10 (20%)non-complicated post-sphincterotomy bleeding. No endoscopic related mortality was found. The medical records of the 15 successful endoscopically managed patients were reviewed for a period of one year after removal of all biliary stents. Eleven patients had continued resolution of cholestatic biomarkers (73%). One patient had recurrent hepatitis C, 2 patients suffered septic shock which was not associated with ERCP and 1 patient was transferred care to an outside provider and records were not available for our review. CONCLUSION: Although surgical biliary reconstruction techniques have improved, RBD represents a postOLT complication. This entity is rare however, endoscopic management of RBD represents a reasonable initial approach.

Radiation therapy for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Current evidences and future perspectives

Extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EBDC) is a rare malignancy that involves neoplastic changes extending from both hepatic ducts to the common bile duct. The treatment of choice is surgical resection, but the predominant pattern of initial treatment failure is locoregional recurrence. Accordingly, adjuvant radiotherapy has been administered after surgical resection based on these rationales. At this time, there is minimal evidence supporting adjuvant radiotherapy, because there have been no phase III trials evaluating its benefit. Relatively small retrospective studies have tried to compare outcomes associated with EBDC treated with or without radiotherapy. We aimed to review studies investigating adjuvant radiotherapy for resected EBDC. Because less than onethird of EBDC cases are amenable to curative resection at diagnosis, other locoregional treatment modalities need to be considered, including radiotherapy. The next aim of this review was to summarize reports of definitive radiotherapy for unresectable EBDC. Patients with advanced EBDC often experience biliary obstruction, which can lead to jaundice and progress to death. Biliary stent insertion is an important palliative procedure, but stents are prone to occlusion after subsequent ingrowth of the EBDC. Radiotherapy can be effective for maintaining the patency of inserted stents. We also reviewed the benefit of palliative radiotherapy combined with the biliary stent insertion. Lastly, we discuss the existing gaps in the evidence supporting radiotherapy in the management of EBDC.

Y型个性化胆道支架联合粒子条治疗Ⅲ型胆道梗阻1例

临床资料患者女性,68岁,因“周身皮肤黏膜及巩膜黄染10余日”于2017年12月就诊。行MRI及MRCP检查考虑肝门部胆管恶性肿瘤,肝内胆管显著扩张(图①②)。实验室检查:TBil 269.6μmol/L,DBil:248μmol/L,CA-1993505 kU/L,CA-242318.5 kU/L,铁蛋白2838μg/L,白蛋白30 g/L,AST 194 U/L,ALT 118 U/L。

同期三镜联合偏弯双头尾翼胆道支架预防胆总管探查一期缝合术后并发症的临床应用

目的探究同期三镜联合偏弯双头尾翼胆道支架预防胆总管探查一期缝合术后并发症中的应用价值。方法选择2018年1月—2021年1月于本院诊断为胆总管结石并实施手术治疗的86例患者作为研究对象,将其按照选择手术方式的不同分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各43例。对照组患者实施腹腔镜下胆总管取石一期缝合或留置T管引出腹腔外手术,观察组实施腹腔镜下胆总管取石一期缝合,术中留置胆道支架,对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、住院费用差异,比较两组患者治疗疗效以及肝功变化。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量及术后胃肠功能恢复时间低于对照组相应指标,但组间相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后住院时间短于对照组,住院费用少于对照组相应指标,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组主要并发症为胆瘘、结石复发、狭窄、出血,其中观察组胆瘘、结石复发、狭窄、出血分别为2.33%、0.00%、0.00%、0.00%,均分别低于对照组的4.65%、2.33%、2.33%、4.65%、其中观察组术后各类并发症总发生率为2.33%,低于对照组的13.95%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组TBIL、ALT、ALP对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后48 h观察组患者TBIL、ALT、ALP分别为(51.76±9.87)μmol/L、(36.87±4.32)U/L、(130.12±34.28)U/L,对照组为(51.85±10.21)μmol/L、(36.12±3.29)U/L、(131.72±30.53)U/L,均较治疗前出现明显的下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后48 h两组患者TBIL、ALT、ALP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胆总管探查一期缝合术后采用术后留置偏弯双头尾翼胆道支架可以显著加快患者围术期康复进程,有助于降低术后各类并发症的发生率,还可以降低患者医疗费用,值得临床推广应用。

一体式可回收胆管内塑料支架在恶性胆道疾病中的应用效果

目的探讨一体式可回收胆管内塑料支架在恶性胆道梗阻疾病治疗中的应用时效性和安全性。方法回顾性收集2019年1月-2022年5月于该院行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗的恶性胆道梗阻患者81例。其中,25例置入一体式可回收胆管内塑料支架(一体支架组),23例置入普通塑料支架(普通支架组),33例置入金属覆膜支架(金属支架组)。比较3组患者的肝功能变化、支架通畅时间、反流发生率、术后胰腺炎发生率、单次住院时间和住院费用。结果3组患者置入支架前肝功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);一体支架组和金属支架组较普通支架组总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)指标下降趋势更为明显,且一体支架组DBIL指标下降程度较金属支架组明显(P<0.05)。金属支架组支架通畅时间最长,为(184.70±16.40)d,一体支架组次之,为(118.64±16.00)d,普通支架组通畅时间最短,为(96.43±15.85)d,3组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。一体支架组反流发生率最低,金属支架组其次,普通支架组反流发生率最高,3组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者胰腺炎发生率和单次住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。金属支架组住院费用较一体支架组和普通支架组高,3组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比金属覆膜支架和普通塑料支架,一体式可回收胆管内塑料支架置入术后,肝功能恢复较好,支架通畅时间相对较长,反流发生率较低,住院费用少,且安全有效,是恶性胆道梗阻患者的最优选择。

胆道支架置入术对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影取石术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率的影响及术后结石复发的影响因素分析

目的分析胆道支架置入术对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率的影响及术后结石复发的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2020年8月于张家港市第一人民医院行ERCP取石治疗的320例胆总管结石患者的临床资料,根据是否置入胆道支架分为观察组(n=126)与对照组(n=194)。比较两组临床资料、随访时间、结石复发率及术后胆管炎发生率,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析术后结石复发的影响因素。结果两组年龄、性别、胆囊切除情况、壶腹周围憩室情况比较差异无统计学意义;观察组内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)+EPBD、多发性结石、机械碎石比例均明显高于对照组,结石直径大于对照组,手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。320例患者中,出现结石复发35例,术后胆管炎18例,结石复发率及术后胆管炎发生率分别为10.9%、5.6%。两组随访时间比较差异无统计学意义;观察组结石复发率、术后胆管炎发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结石复发患者与结石未复发患者年龄、性别、胆囊切除情况、ERCP方法、壶腹周围憩室情况、手术时间比较差异无统计学意义;结石复发患者多发性结石、机械碎石、未行胆道支架置入术比例均高于结石未复发患者,结石直径长于结石未复发患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,多发性结石是ERCP取石术后结石复发的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),胆道支架置入术是ERCP术后结石复发的独立预后因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论胆道支架置入术能有效降低ERCP术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率。