Effects of rare earth on microstructures and properties of Ni-W-P-CeO_2-SiO_2 nano-composite coatings

Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2 nano-composite coatings were prepared on common carbon steel surface by pulse electrodeposition of nickel, tungsten, phosphorus, rare earth （nano-CeO2） and silicon carbide （nano-SiO2） particles. The effects of nano-CeO2 concentrations in electrolyte on microstructures and properties of nano-composite coatings were studied. The samples were characterized with chemical compositions, elements distributions, microhardness and microstructures. The results indicated that when nano-CeO2 concentration was controlled at 10 g/L, the nano-composite coatings possessed higher microhardness and compact microstmctures with clear outline of spherical matrix metal crystallites, fine crystallite sizes and uniform distribution of elements W, P, Ce and Si within the Ni-W-P matrix metal. Increasing the nano-CeO2 particles concentrations from 4 to 10 g/L led to refinement in grain structure and improvement of microstructures, while when increased to 14 g/L, the crystallite sizes began to increase again and there were a lot of small boss with nodulation shape appearing on the nano-composite coatings surface.

Wear and corrosion resistance and electroplating characteristics of electrodeposited Cr-SiC nano-composite coatings

Cr-SiC nanocomposite coatings with various contents of SiC nanoparticles were prepared by electrodeposition in optimized Cr plating bath containing different concentrations of SiC nanoparticles. Direct current electrocodeposition technique was used to deposit chromium layers with and without SiC nanoparticles on mild carbon steel. The effects of current density, stirring rate and concentration of nanoparticles in the plating bath were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study surface morphology. Energy dispersive analysis technique was used to verify the presence of SiC nanoparticles in the coated layers. The corrosion behaviors of coatings were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in 0.05 mol/L HCl, 1 mol/L NaOH and 3.5% NaCl （mass fraction）, respectively. Microhardness measurements and pin-on- disc tribometer technique were used to investigate the wear behavior of the coatings.

Influence of SiO_2 Particles on Microstructures and Properties of Ni-W-P-CeO_2-SiO_2 Nano-Composite Coatings

Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2 nano-composite coatings were prepared on the carbon steel surface by pulse co-deposition of nickel, tungsten, phosphorus, nano-CeO2 and nano-SiO2 particles. The influence of nano-SiO2 particles concentrations in electrolyte on microstructures and properties of the nano-composite coatings were researched, and the characteristics were assessed by chemical compositions, element distribution, deposition rate, microhardness and microstructures. The results indicate that when nano-SiO2 particles concentrations in electrolyte are controlled at 20 g·L-1, the deposition rate with 27.07 μm·h-1 and the microhardness with 666 Hv of the nano-composite coatings are highest, element line scanning and area scanning analyses show that the average contents of elements W, P, Si and Ce in the nano-composite coatings are close, displaying that the distribution of every element within the nano-composite coatings is even. An increase in nano-SiO2 particles concentrations in electrolyte (when lower than 20 g·L-1) leads to refinement in grain structure of nano-composite coatings, but when it improved to 30 g·L-1, the crystallite sizes increase again and in the meantime there are a lot of small boss with nodulation shape appearing on the surface of nano-composite coatings.

Preparation and properties of nano-composite ceramic coating by thermo chemical reaction method

Nano-composite ceramic coating was fabricated on Q235 steel through thermo chemical reaction method. Structure of the coating was analyzed and the properties were tested. The results show that a few of new ceramic phases, such as MgAI2O4, ZnAI2O4, AI2SiO5, Ni3Fe and Fe3AI, are formed on the coating during the process of solidifying at 600 ℃. The ceramic coating is dense and the high bonding strength is obtained. The average bonding strength between the coating and matrix could be 14.22 MPa. The acid resistance of the coating increase by 8.8 times, the alkali resistance by 4.1 times, the salt resistance bv 10.3 times, and the wear resistance bv 2.39 times.

Design and micro mechanical properties of nano-SiO_2 strengthened composite coatings towards remanufacturing

Nano-SiO2 particles strengthened Ni-based composite coating was designed and prepared on steel substrate. The structures and nanoparticle content of the nano-SiO2/Ni composite coating were determined by SEM, EDS and TEM; and the micro mechanical properties were tested by nano-indentation technique. The results show that 56% of particles in the solution are dispersed in size of less than 100nm, the content of nanoparticles co-deposited in the coating doubles and structure of the coating is more compact and uniform than that of Ni coating. Nano-SiO2/Ni coating exhibits excellent micro mechanical properties, and the nanohardness and elastic modulus are 7.81GPa and 198GPa, respectively, which are attributed to finer crystal strengthening, dispersion strengthening and high-density dislocation strengthening of nano-SiO2 particles to the composite coatings.

Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni-CeO_2 nano-composite coatings

Current machinery requires metallic materials to have better surface properties. Based on an orthogonal experimental design and analysis method, the CeO2-rein- forced nickel nano-composite coatings were prepared by direct current electrodeposition in a nickel sulfate bath containing CeO2 nanoparticles. Statistical results indicate that current density is the most significant variable in the electrodeposition processing, while temperature is the least important factor. The microstructure of Ni and Ni-CeO2 nano-composite coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） equipped with energy-disper- sive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The microhardness of the Ni coating is enhanced by the incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were used to characterize the corrosion behavior of Ni and Ni-CeO2 coatings. These studies show that Ni- CeOz coating has better corrosion resistance compared to Ni coating.

电沉积工艺参数对Ni-TiN-CeO_2二元纳米复合镀层中粒子复合量的影响

采用超声-脉冲电沉积法制备了Ni-TiN-CeO2二元纳米复合镀层,研究了工艺参数对镀层中CeO2及TiN粒子复合量的影响,并对镀层的表面形貌及成分进行了测试和分析。结果表明,超声-脉冲电沉积Ni-TiN-CeO2纳米复合镀层的最佳工艺参数为阴极电流密度4A/dm2,TiN粒子添加量15g/L,CeO2粒子添加量40g/L,正向脉冲占空比20%,超声波功率180W。在该工艺条件下,可获得CeO2质量分数为3.3%、TiN质量分数为4.4%的Ni-TiN-CeO2二元纳米复合镀层。同时,TiN与CeO2二元纳米粒子的加入,充分发挥了两种纳米粒子复合的协同效应,优化了粒子与基质金属的共沉积方式,大大改善了镀层质量。

新型环保醇基铸造涂料悬浮剂研究

通过对SN悬浮剂、BTA悬浮剂、二元悬浮剂的悬浮性试验,找到了可替代有机膨润土的新型醇基铸造涂料悬浮剂——二元悬浮剂。试验结果表明,该悬浮剂在性价比、环保方面完全可与有机膨润土相比,能够适应21世纪绿色铸造的要求。

二元包覆的AP吸湿性及热分解性能研究

AP易吸潮结块而影响其使用性能,需对其进行疏水处理,降低其吸湿性。采用氧化石墨烯(GO)对AP进行一元包覆制备出AP/GO复合物,用氟硅烷(FAS:十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)对AP进行二元包覆制备出AP/GO/FAS复合物。吸湿率测试结果表明,在20℃、相对湿度为85%的条件下,AP粒径越大,吸湿率越小。对AP进行二元包覆后的复合物吸湿率均小于纯AP和一元包覆后的AP复合物的吸湿率,且GO质量分数为0.4%,FAS质量分数为1%时,二元包覆AP后的复合物的吸湿率最小。通过热分析测试结果可知,GO质量分数为0.4%、FAS质量分数为1%的AP/GO/FAS复合物的高温放热分解峰比纯AP提前了约32.9℃。

二元复合结构聚合物涂层的制备及其机理研究

采用高压空气喷涂工艺,基于界面流与界面变形理论,制备出一种聚合物涂层。利用白光干涉三维形貌仪对涂层表面形貌进行表征。结果表明涂层表面具有亚毫米级和微米级二元复合的形貌特征。利用光学显微镜和红外热像仪对涂料成膜过程进行实验观察,并通过计算流体力学方法对其进行数值模拟,在此基础上讨论了涂层表面形貌的形成机理。利用小型高速水洞对聚合物涂层减阻性能进行初步测试,结果表明聚合物涂层可有效降低摩擦阻力。

高速电弧喷涂工艺的模糊综合评判

高速电弧喷涂工艺的合理选择对涂层性能的优劣具有决定作用,通过不同喷涂工艺形成涂层的组织结构、涂层与基体的界面结合形貌、孔隙率与氧化物分布等涂层微观结构的金相试验结果,建立喷涂工艺的评价指标集;利用二元对比分析法确定各指标的组合权重,提出了喷涂工艺对涂层性能影响的模糊综合评定模型。结果表明:通过将二元对比分析法和模糊综合评判相结合,可以对喷涂涂层的定性指标进行有效的综合权衡分析,为喷涂工艺的选择提供合理依据。

二相系涂层液溶剂扩散数值模拟进展

为了预测二相系涂料成膜过程中溶剂浓度的变化以及最终的成膜质量,建立二相系涂层液溶剂扩散系数的模型以及二相系涂层液干燥过程的模型并进行数值模拟,对于指导涂层的制备及优化设备构造具有非常重要的意义。综述了近年来关于计算溶剂-聚合物涂层液二相系统中溶剂扩散系数的数学模型,以及建立溶剂-聚合物涂层液干燥模型进行数值模拟的进展,并分析了目前关于溶剂扩散系数模型与溶剂-聚合物二相系涂层干燥模型及数值模拟研究中存在的问题。提出在创建二相系涂层干燥模型时,要更加全面地考虑基体与涂层液的性质、涂膜收缩率以及涂膜温度变化等因素,进一步完善涂层干燥模型,提高模拟计算的准确度。对溶剂扩散系数模型与溶剂-聚合物二相系涂层干燥模型,分别提出了有效的实验验证方法,为验证模型的准确性提供了可能。预测溶剂-聚合物涂层液二相系在烘干过程中溶剂的扩散行为,可增强对涂层成膜过程的认识,且有益于节能环保地进行涂层产品的设计及涂层工艺的优化。

二元复合结构聚合物涂层的减阻机理研究

对二元复合结构聚合物涂层阻力特性与形貌特征参数之间的关系进行了实验研究,并采用计算流体力学方法对形貌效应作用下形貌壁面的阻力特性进行了数值模拟,在此基础上讨论了聚合物涂层的减阻机理。结果表明,一阶形貌特征长度以及二阶形貌分布密度对聚合物涂层的减阻性能有显著影响;在来流条件下,聚合物涂层在二元复合结构表面形貌效应作用下,近壁面流场出现涡结构和流动分离现象,导致相应区域内的流场发生漩涡空化,促使二阶凹坑内驻留的微气泡生长形成气膜,在固/液界面间构建出气相结构,以气/液剪切代替固/液剪切实现界面效应减阻,有效降低了形貌壁面的摩擦阻力。

Al_2O_3陶瓷表面二元离子复合渗镀Ni-Ti合金化研究

运用多元离子复合渗镀合金的方法,采用自制的二元复合靶对Al2O3陶瓷表面进行Ni-Ti复合渗镀,实现了Al2O3陶瓷表面的合金化。采用EDS,SEM,XRD分析方法和声发射划痕试验对Al2O3陶瓷表面的沉积层进行了分析,研究了沉积层成分、物相以及界面结合强度。结果表明,沉积层中含有镍、钛、铁等元素,各元素分布较为均匀,没有明显的成分聚集现象;沉积层由镍钛的氧化物Ni[TiO3]、镍钛化合物Ni4Ti3、镍单相组成。沉积层与Al2O3陶瓷基体界面成分过渡连续,没有显著的微观和宏观缺陷;声发射划痕实验结果表明,沉积层与陶瓷基体结合得较好,在100N的最大载荷下,沉积层没有出现剥离和崩落现象。这一方法为Al2O3陶瓷表面合金化提供了新的途径。

携带黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的双元载体构建

以黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因为目的基因,以大肠杆菌DH5α为表达载体体外操作寄主菌,农杆菌LBA4404为最终双元载体寄主菌。将RT-PCR获得的目的基因片段连接到pMD18-Tsi mple Vectoer上,冻融法转化到大肠杆菌扩繁后,经限制性核酸内切酶酶切插入表达载体适宜酶切位点上,重组质粒DNA经冻融法转化到只含辅助质粒的根癌农杆菌中得到工程菌,完成含目的基因的双元载体构建,为培育抗CMV病毒的番茄品种打下基础。

钢铁表面化学镀镍的研究进展

综述了化学镀镍的研究进展,包括Ni-P二元合金镀层、Ni-P基多元合金镀层和复合镀层,指出了化学镀镍未来的发展方向。

Ni-ZrO_2-CeO_2二元纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损及耐蚀性研究

利用超声-脉冲电沉积法在45钢基体上制备了纯Ni镀层、Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合镀层和Ni-ZrO_2-CeO_2纳米复合镀层,对比研究了3种镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、摩擦磨损及耐蚀性能。结果表明与纯Ni镀层、Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合镀层相比,Ni-ZrO_2-CeO_2纳米复合镀层表面最光滑且晶粒最细小,表面显微硬度最高为494.18 Hv0.1;在施加载荷50N、转速300r/min、磨擦时间3min的磨损条件下磨损量最小为2.6mg且摩擦系数最小为0.285;在常温3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀条件下腐蚀速率最低为0.060383mm/year,表面腐蚀特征不明显。镀层中共沉积的纳米ZrO_2、CeO_2颗粒充分发挥了二元纳米粒子协同生长的优势,使得镀层金属晶粒更加细化,表面更加平滑光整,镀层的耐腐蚀性能得到提高。

含氟碳聚丙烯酸酯乳液疏水涂层的研究

以丙烯酸六氟丁酯为疏水功能单体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯等单体共聚,合成了系列粒径不等、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)不同、核壳结构不同的含氟碳聚丙烯酸酯乳液,并测定了各自成膜后的接触角。将粒径不等、Tg不同的乳液复配、核壳结构不同的乳液复配,并测定了复配物成膜后的接触角,讨论了它们可能产生的二元协同作用。结果表明,含氟碳聚丙烯酸酯乳液疏水涂层可产生符合Wenzel方程的微纳米级别的粗糙面。通过SEM表征,观测到了这些微纳米粗糙面结构,其接触角超出了单组分含氟碳聚丙烯酸酯乳液涂层的接触角,最大水动态水接触角达到125.05°,静态水接触角达到130°;还观测到以大量保护胶为壳的核壳结构乳液在成膜时产生了核壳剥离自组装行为,同样产生了二元协同的粗糙面。

Ni-Co-P-BN（h）-Al2O3二元纳米复合镀层表面组织结构及耐磨性研究

为改善材料表面耐磨性能,采用电沉积法在不同纳米颗粒质量浓度及其混杂配比下制备了Ni-Co-P-BN(h)、Ni-Co-P-Al2O3和Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3的3种纳米复合镀层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损仪及激光共聚焦显微镜,对镀层的表面组织结构与耐磨性能进行了研究.结果表明:不同纳米颗粒质量浓度及其混杂配比对纳米复合镀层表面组织结构有重要影响,纳米复合镀层表面呈现出典型的包状结构,混杂配比后出现明显纳米Al2O3的衍射峰;与Ni-Co-P-BN(h)和Ni-Co-P-Al2O3镀层相比,Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3二元纳米复合镀层的平均显微硬度更大,达到753.6 HV 0.2;摩擦磨损试验中对摩件是直径4 mm的GCr15合金球,在施加载荷3.2N、转速500 r/min、摩擦时间30 min的磨损条件下,二元纳米复合镀层磨损量最小为9.2 mg/h.纳米BN(h)和Al 2O 3在电沉积加工过程中充分发挥了二元纳米粒子协同生长的优势,使得Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3二元纳米复合镀层具有更好的耐磨性能.

Ni-Co-P-BN（h）-Al2O3二元纳米复合镀层润湿性及耐蚀性

采用电沉积法在45钢表面制得Ni-Co-P-BN(h)、Ni-Co-P-Al2O3及Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3纳米复合镀层。利用SEM、EDS、XRD对镀层的组织、成分及相结构进行了表征和分析,并利用激光共聚焦显微镜、光学接触角测量仪和电化学工作站分别对镀层的表面粗糙度、润湿性及防腐性能进行研究。结果表明:二元纳米颗粒掺杂配比对Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3镀层的表面形貌、表面粗糙度及厚度均有影响。与Ni-Co-P-BN(h)和Ni-Co-P-Al2O3镀层相比,在水滴体积为3μL、速度为1μL/s条件下,Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3镀层表面静态接触角为133°,镀层表面具有更高的疏水角。电化学试验表明:在5%的NaCl溶液中,Ni-Co-P-BN(h)-Al2O3镀层的最小腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率分别为1.0806×10^-6A/cm^2和0.01308mm/a,镀层具有更优的耐蚀性。镀层中共沉积的纳米BN(h)、Al2O3颗粒充分发挥二元纳米粒子的优势,进一步提高了二元纳米复合镀层表面的疏水性和耐蚀性。