Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current...Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current study evaluated the rate of binge drinking among university students as they returned to normal life post-lockdown and whether binge drinking affected their mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study included 1382 university students (18 - 24 years) of one private Southwestern university in Brazil. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief were used. Data were collected after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period (from October 2021 to May 2022). Results: 52.6% of the students reported binge drinking, and 35.6% reported symptoms of depression. Binge drinkers were 1.41 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms when compared with non-binge drinkers, and binge drinking was a risk factor for lower quality of life in all three domains (physical, psychological and environmental). Conclusion: Our study highlights an increased prevalence of binge drinking in university students after the pandemic lockdown. The rise in binge drinking rates was linked to depressive symptoms and worsening of quality of life.展开更多
The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a...The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a socio-sanitary problem with few known consequences in terms of individual and third-party social impacts(in the form of violence or traffic accidents) and its organic impact(affects the liver and other organs and systems, such as the nervous and cardiovascular systems) and represents an important financial burden due to its increasing economic impact. This review provides a global approach to binge drinking and emphasizes its epidemiological character, the effect of this type of consumption and the possible management of a problem with an increasing tendency in our society.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has...BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.展开更多
AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human s...AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human scenario. METHODS: Rats were chronically treated with ethanol in liquid diet for 4 wk followed by a single binge mode of ethanol administration (5 mg/kg body weight). Samples were processed 4 h after binge ethanol administration (chronic ethanol binge). Control rats were fed isocaloric diet. In the control for binge, ethanol was replaced by water. Expression of mRNA for angioten-sinogen, c-fos and LDL-receptor, and nuclear accumulation of phospho-extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and ERK1/2 protein were examined. RESULTS: Binge ethanol administration in chronically treated rats caused increase in steatosis and necrosis. Chronic ethanol alone had negligible effect on mRNA levels of LDL-receptor, or on the levels of nuclear ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2. But, chronic ethanol followed by binge caused a decrease in LDL-receptor mRNA, and also decreased the levels of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in the nuclear compartment. On the other hand, chronic ethanol-binge increased mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and c-fos. CONCLUSION: Binge ethanol after chronic exposure, causes transcriptional dysregulation of LDL-receptor and angiotensinogen genes, both cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who wer...AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who were included in the study and candidate for bariatric surgery(weight loss surgery) were clinically interviewed to identify the BED group, and patients were divided into two groups: Those with BED and those without BED. The comorbidity rate of groups was determined by using structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ). A sociodemographic data form including the story of previous psychiatric treatment, structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were applied to both of the groups.RESULTS In regard to 241 obese individuals included in the study, total score and score of attention subscale for BED(+) group were significantly high(P < 0.05). In addition, suicide attempt, story of psychiatric consultation, and score for BDI were again significantly high in the BED(+) group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In assessment of obese individuals, assessment of associated psychopathology such as impulsive characteristics and suicide attempt in addition to disrupted eating behaviors will allow to have a more extensive view.展开更多
Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy ne...Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates the same reward circuits,as do drugs of abuse.According to the last report of the World Health Organization,the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980,reaching especially critical levels in children and young people,who are overexposed to high-fat,high-sugar,energy-dense foods.Over the past few decades,there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders.Herein,we review the most recent research on the subject,focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction.The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients.Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders,and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.展开更多
The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin ...The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.展开更多
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, hig...Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased fasting blood glucose. Approximately 9% of the general population suffer from Binge eating disorder (BED), a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study evaluates the association between Binge Eating disorder (BED) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) development through a systematic review. Through analysis of previous studies, we discovered that 93 percent of those with BED had metabolic syndrome parameters in a series of investigations on BED conducted in general care. This systematic review aims to connect the frequency of binge-eating episodes and the development of metabolic syndrome. We have extracted five major studies (n = 5) through screening following systematic review standards.展开更多
Background: Qin Bing eye drop is prepared with cortex fraxini and borneol. It has been commonly used to relieve the symptoms of photokeratoconjunctivitis (PKC), chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis for more than forty...Background: Qin Bing eye drop is prepared with cortex fraxini and borneol. It has been commonly used to relieve the symptoms of photokeratoconjunctivitis (PKC), chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis for more than forty years. However, the origins of cortex fraxini are various, which may result in the unstable quality. Methods: The animal model of PKC was established using rabbit’s eyes exposure to Ultraviolet (UV);levofloxaxin drop, normal saline, Qin Bing eye drops made of herbs from Hebei province and Shanxi province were respectively instilled to both eyes of rabbits;the symptoms of rabbits’ eyes were observed at different time points and scores based on weights were recorded;the recovery rates of different groups were evaluated. Results: The scores of both eyes for all rabbits were above 9 points, indicating animal models for PKC were successful;the average recovery rates of therapeutic groups, including Qin Bing eye drop groups, were higher than untreated group at different time points;the slopes of recovery rate in Qin Bing eye drop (Hebei) were above Shanxi. Conclusion: PKD animal model can be established successfully;Qin Bing eye drop groups promoted the symptoms of PKD recovering quicker than untreated group. Furthermore, Qin Bing eye drop made of herbs from province Hebei had better effects than Shanxi, which was consistent with chemical results. This indicated that chemical constituents of herbs were able to reflect the effects to a certain extent.展开更多
Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of s...Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of studies in humans. We performed an experimental study on 10 adult volunteers (7M/3F) under the age of 40 who were occasional binge drinkers. In all participants, we performed a baseline two-hour euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at 80 mU•m−2•min−1 at baseline for comparison with an age and sex matched control population of non-drinkers. On a second occasion, before and after ingestion of 78 g of alcohol (beer) in 2 hrs we also measured insulin sensitivity using a 15-minute short insulin tolerance test in drinkers. Blood glucose was also measured every 15 mins over 2 hours during alcohol ingestion. Volunteers were aged 27.6 ± 5.7 years, with a BMI of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and ALAT of 24.7 ± 3.0 UI/L. Insulin sensitivity evaluated by the clamp technique was higher in occasional drinkers (M = 12.7 ± 3.4 mg•kg−1•min−1 vs. 8.0 ± 2.3 mg•kg−1•min−1 in non-drinkers, p = 0.011). Acute alcohol ingestion was associated with a non-significant trends towards improved glucose disappearance during short insulin tolerance test (KITT 2.53% ± 0.22%/min before vs. 3.11% ± 1.15%/min after;p = 0.122). Beer consumption induced a significant increase in capillary glycaemia of 78% (p = 0.001). Bingeing was associated with reduced insulin secretion (Homa-β 113.5 ± 22.7 vs. 155.4 ± 57.6;p = 0.047). Binge drinking may induce an increase in insulin sensitivity but acutely decrease insulin secretion.展开更多
文摘Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current study evaluated the rate of binge drinking among university students as they returned to normal life post-lockdown and whether binge drinking affected their mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study included 1382 university students (18 - 24 years) of one private Southwestern university in Brazil. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief were used. Data were collected after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period (from October 2021 to May 2022). Results: 52.6% of the students reported binge drinking, and 35.6% reported symptoms of depression. Binge drinkers were 1.41 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms when compared with non-binge drinkers, and binge drinking was a risk factor for lower quality of life in all three domains (physical, psychological and environmental). Conclusion: Our study highlights an increased prevalence of binge drinking in university students after the pandemic lockdown. The rise in binge drinking rates was linked to depressive symptoms and worsening of quality of life.
文摘The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a socio-sanitary problem with few known consequences in terms of individual and third-party social impacts(in the form of violence or traffic accidents) and its organic impact(affects the liver and other organs and systems, such as the nervous and cardiovascular systems) and represents an important financial burden due to its increasing economic impact. This review provides a global approach to binge drinking and emphasizes its epidemiological character, the effect of this type of consumption and the possible management of a problem with an increasing tendency in our society.
文摘BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.
文摘AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human scenario. METHODS: Rats were chronically treated with ethanol in liquid diet for 4 wk followed by a single binge mode of ethanol administration (5 mg/kg body weight). Samples were processed 4 h after binge ethanol administration (chronic ethanol binge). Control rats were fed isocaloric diet. In the control for binge, ethanol was replaced by water. Expression of mRNA for angioten-sinogen, c-fos and LDL-receptor, and nuclear accumulation of phospho-extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and ERK1/2 protein were examined. RESULTS: Binge ethanol administration in chronically treated rats caused increase in steatosis and necrosis. Chronic ethanol alone had negligible effect on mRNA levels of LDL-receptor, or on the levels of nuclear ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2. But, chronic ethanol followed by binge caused a decrease in LDL-receptor mRNA, and also decreased the levels of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in the nuclear compartment. On the other hand, chronic ethanol-binge increased mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and c-fos. CONCLUSION: Binge ethanol after chronic exposure, causes transcriptional dysregulation of LDL-receptor and angiotensinogen genes, both cardiovascular risk factors.
文摘AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who were included in the study and candidate for bariatric surgery(weight loss surgery) were clinically interviewed to identify the BED group, and patients were divided into two groups: Those with BED and those without BED. The comorbidity rate of groups was determined by using structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ). A sociodemographic data form including the story of previous psychiatric treatment, structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were applied to both of the groups.RESULTS In regard to 241 obese individuals included in the study, total score and score of attention subscale for BED(+) group were significantly high(P < 0.05). In addition, suicide attempt, story of psychiatric consultation, and score for BDI were again significantly high in the BED(+) group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In assessment of obese individuals, assessment of associated psychopathology such as impulsive characteristics and suicide attempt in addition to disrupted eating behaviors will allow to have a more extensive view.
基金Supported by Generalitat Valenciana,Conselleria Educacion,Direccion General de Universidades,Grupos de Investigacion de Excelencia,No.PROMETEO 2018/132Ministerio de Sanidad,Servicios Sociales e Igualdad,Delegacion del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas,Proyectos de Investigacion sobre Drogodependencias,No.2018I013Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ,Red de Trastornos Adictivos y Union Europea,Fondos FEDER una manera de,No.RD16/0017/0007.
文摘Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates the same reward circuits,as do drugs of abuse.According to the last report of the World Health Organization,the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980,reaching especially critical levels in children and young people,who are overexposed to high-fat,high-sugar,energy-dense foods.Over the past few decades,there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders.Herein,we review the most recent research on the subject,focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction.The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients.Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders,and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
文摘The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.
文摘Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased fasting blood glucose. Approximately 9% of the general population suffer from Binge eating disorder (BED), a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study evaluates the association between Binge Eating disorder (BED) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) development through a systematic review. Through analysis of previous studies, we discovered that 93 percent of those with BED had metabolic syndrome parameters in a series of investigations on BED conducted in general care. This systematic review aims to connect the frequency of binge-eating episodes and the development of metabolic syndrome. We have extracted five major studies (n = 5) through screening following systematic review standards.
文摘Background: Qin Bing eye drop is prepared with cortex fraxini and borneol. It has been commonly used to relieve the symptoms of photokeratoconjunctivitis (PKC), chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis for more than forty years. However, the origins of cortex fraxini are various, which may result in the unstable quality. Methods: The animal model of PKC was established using rabbit’s eyes exposure to Ultraviolet (UV);levofloxaxin drop, normal saline, Qin Bing eye drops made of herbs from Hebei province and Shanxi province were respectively instilled to both eyes of rabbits;the symptoms of rabbits’ eyes were observed at different time points and scores based on weights were recorded;the recovery rates of different groups were evaluated. Results: The scores of both eyes for all rabbits were above 9 points, indicating animal models for PKC were successful;the average recovery rates of therapeutic groups, including Qin Bing eye drop groups, were higher than untreated group at different time points;the slopes of recovery rate in Qin Bing eye drop (Hebei) were above Shanxi. Conclusion: PKD animal model can be established successfully;Qin Bing eye drop groups promoted the symptoms of PKD recovering quicker than untreated group. Furthermore, Qin Bing eye drop made of herbs from province Hebei had better effects than Shanxi, which was consistent with chemical results. This indicated that chemical constituents of herbs were able to reflect the effects to a certain extent.
文摘Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of studies in humans. We performed an experimental study on 10 adult volunteers (7M/3F) under the age of 40 who were occasional binge drinkers. In all participants, we performed a baseline two-hour euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at 80 mU•m−2•min−1 at baseline for comparison with an age and sex matched control population of non-drinkers. On a second occasion, before and after ingestion of 78 g of alcohol (beer) in 2 hrs we also measured insulin sensitivity using a 15-minute short insulin tolerance test in drinkers. Blood glucose was also measured every 15 mins over 2 hours during alcohol ingestion. Volunteers were aged 27.6 ± 5.7 years, with a BMI of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and ALAT of 24.7 ± 3.0 UI/L. Insulin sensitivity evaluated by the clamp technique was higher in occasional drinkers (M = 12.7 ± 3.4 mg•kg−1•min−1 vs. 8.0 ± 2.3 mg•kg−1•min−1 in non-drinkers, p = 0.011). Acute alcohol ingestion was associated with a non-significant trends towards improved glucose disappearance during short insulin tolerance test (KITT 2.53% ± 0.22%/min before vs. 3.11% ± 1.15%/min after;p = 0.122). Beer consumption induced a significant increase in capillary glycaemia of 78% (p = 0.001). Bingeing was associated with reduced insulin secretion (Homa-β 113.5 ± 22.7 vs. 155.4 ± 57.6;p = 0.047). Binge drinking may induce an increase in insulin sensitivity but acutely decrease insulin secretion.
