[ Objective ] The study aimed at treating wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） effluent by using bio-film reactor with filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier. [ Method] With the aid of a continuous flow reactor, a bio-film ...[ Objective ] The study aimed at treating wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） effluent by using bio-film reactor with filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier. [ Method] With the aid of a continuous flow reactor, a bio-film reactor using filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier was used to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio, and the removal effects of CODc,, TN （total nitrogen）, and NO3--N in the wastewater were analyzed.[ Result ] The average removal rates of CODcr, TN, and NO3- -N reached 47.7%, 23.6% and 34.5% when the C/N ratio of influent was around 2. In addi- tion, a stable bio-film was formed very well in the secondary effluent with low C/N ratio and hardly degradable organic pollutants. The pollutants could be removed effectively because of the excellent surface characteristics and compositions of filamentous bamboo. [ Conclusion] The research provides a new method to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio.展开更多
The in vivo bioavailability of soy protein isolates and corn zein film material before and after film formation by heat/ pressure was determined. The In vitro digestibility of corn zein before and after film formation...The in vivo bioavailability of soy protein isolates and corn zein film material before and after film formation by heat/ pressure was determined. The In vitro digestibility of corn zein before and after film formation was also measured. Films were produced from anhydrous protein with 30% glycerol added using a heat-press method with no use of casting solvents or cross-linking agents. Corn zein raw and film material were ground under liquid nitrogen then digested in two enzyme-acid cocktails with free amino acid analysis before and after digestion. The protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio were determined for both zein and soy protein using a weanling Sprague-Dawley descended rat feeding study. The In vitro digestibility study indicated that the non-heat pressed corn zein was more digestible than the heat pressed zein. However, the in vivo results indicated that corn and soy protein were equally bioavailable whether they were derived from film mixture prior to or after film formation. Both corn zein and soy protein material had lower protein efficiency ratio than the control diet. Furthermore, soy protein films materials had a higher protein efficiency ratio than corn zein.展开更多
Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of ...Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation.展开更多
High methoxyl pectin (DE = 59.53%) was extracted from plantain peel using acid extraction method. Pectin yield was 40.5%;moisture content was 87.56%;equivalent weight was 1000 g/ml, and galacturonic acid content was 2...High methoxyl pectin (DE = 59.53%) was extracted from plantain peel using acid extraction method. Pectin yield was 40.5%;moisture content was 87.56%;equivalent weight was 1000 g/ml, and galacturonic acid content was 2.89 mg/ml. Composite polymer films incorporating the extracted pectin manifest their best mechanical properties;tensile strength and % elongation of 5.51 MPa and 5.75% respectively with 10 ml glycerol/1g pectin. Raman spectra peaks at 2930 cm1, 1750 cm–1 and 820 cm–1 indicated CH-stretch, C=O ester group of pectin and COH ring in pectin respectively. Films containing pectin sourced from waste are considered potential alternative sources of environmentally benign packaging materials.展开更多
随着全球生物经济的发展,生物基材料由于其绿色低碳、环境友好和资源节约等特点成为了新的研究焦点。本文以同一生物基来源的2,5-呋喃二甲酸和1,5-戊二醇为基础,通过熔融聚合制备了一系列无规的韧性聚酯材料——聚呋喃二甲酸戊二醇酯(PP...随着全球生物经济的发展,生物基材料由于其绿色低碳、环境友好和资源节约等特点成为了新的研究焦点。本文以同一生物基来源的2,5-呋喃二甲酸和1,5-戊二醇为基础,通过熔融聚合制备了一系列无规的韧性聚酯材料——聚呋喃二甲酸戊二醇酯(PPeF)。利用1 H NMR和FTIR确定其分子结构后,通过溶剂铺膜的方式得到薄膜材料。GPC的结果表明,PPeF的数均分子量均在2万以上,且多分散性指数为2.0~2.4,分子量分布较窄。TG的结果表明,PPeF的初始热分解温度约为370℃,具有良好的耐热性及加工性。XRD的结果表明,PPeF处于非结晶状态。力学测试结果表明,PPeF薄膜具备较好的延展性,其最大的断裂伸长率可达1764%。PPeF作为一种可生物降解的材料,可将其应用于脆性生物基材料的改性。展开更多
1.ABSTRACT Recently,developing sustainable architectural materials from renewable resources is gaining great interest.This interest is intended to alleviate the drawbacks of petro-leum-based materials and their contri...1.ABSTRACT Recently,developing sustainable architectural materials from renewable resources is gaining great interest.This interest is intended to alleviate the drawbacks of petro-leum-based materials and their contribution in the escalation of CO_(2) emissions causing the current environmental deterioration.Achieving sustainability through developing efficient architectural materials have been always conditioned by tech-nological advancements and economic potential.This has affected the architectural design and construction sectors,especially in times of disasters or economic crisis,resulting in paralysis in the architectural construction and material development.These effects were caused by the capitalization and centralization of architectural construction industries.The recent trend of self-sufficiency that had first emerged in environmental activities supporting recycling,environmental purification and conservation,oxygen,food,and electricity production,has extended to cover more sophisticated products,such as wearables,gadgets and architecture.Achieving self-sufficiency in architecture is of interest to multidisciplinary researchers who focus on developing both self-suf-ficient systems and materials as the two main components of the built environment.Developing architectural materials aims to provide cheap,recycled,renewable,environmentally friendly,durable and sustainable building material regardless of the possibility of the autonomous production of these materials on a popular democratic basis.Architectural building materials production was always and still is consid-ered a massive industry that is centralized in major firms and LTDs,limiting the architectural construction process to the availability of major economic capacity.This centralization had its merits in forcing forward large-scale economies and vital-izing the architectural design and construction market,but only on the large scale;however,this centralization shows its drawbacks every time in disasters or economic crisis,causing almost total paralysis in the construction industry due to economic impotence caused by different reasons.Moreover,the centralization of the building and construction industry have affected developing communities,causing economic drawbacks and creating a ripple-like crisis in housing.In this paper,the authors propose the self-sufficiency approach in the develop-ment and production of sustainable architectural material from abundant and renew-able microbial agents,in order to democratize and popularize material production on a domestic and personalized basis.The current work presents Bacterial Cellulose(BC)as a structural and mem-brane material in different architectural elements and applications,developed through simple and domestically applied procedures in order to create distributed and self-sufficient productive units for architectural materials production.The current study aims specifically at the easiness and simplification of the pro-duction practices and procedures of the biopolymers,and specifically bacterial cellu-lose for encouraging and establishing the popularization of self-sufficient production units of these renewable and abundant biopolymers.In this regard,the current study is part of the ongoing research on enhancing the mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose in order to use it for structural applications,that will be further developed in terms of medium optimization,bacterial cellulose production efficiency analysis,and material mechanical and physical properties testing.The following sections will contain a literature review on the chemical base and physical/mechanical properties of biopolymers including bacterial cellulose,followed by the experimental work conducted in this paper to develop bacterial cellulose as an architectural material.The results were further analyzed through formal and struc-tural customization proposing possible applications in architectural design.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Postgraduates of ZhengZhou University (A1003) Open Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering (K11027)
文摘[ Objective ] The study aimed at treating wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） effluent by using bio-film reactor with filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier. [ Method] With the aid of a continuous flow reactor, a bio-film reactor using filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier was used to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio, and the removal effects of CODc,, TN （total nitrogen）, and NO3--N in the wastewater were analyzed.[ Result ] The average removal rates of CODcr, TN, and NO3- -N reached 47.7%, 23.6% and 34.5% when the C/N ratio of influent was around 2. In addi- tion, a stable bio-film was formed very well in the secondary effluent with low C/N ratio and hardly degradable organic pollutants. The pollutants could be removed effectively because of the excellent surface characteristics and compositions of filamentous bamboo. [ Conclusion] The research provides a new method to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio.
文摘The in vivo bioavailability of soy protein isolates and corn zein film material before and after film formation by heat/ pressure was determined. The In vitro digestibility of corn zein before and after film formation was also measured. Films were produced from anhydrous protein with 30% glycerol added using a heat-press method with no use of casting solvents or cross-linking agents. Corn zein raw and film material were ground under liquid nitrogen then digested in two enzyme-acid cocktails with free amino acid analysis before and after digestion. The protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio were determined for both zein and soy protein using a weanling Sprague-Dawley descended rat feeding study. The In vitro digestibility study indicated that the non-heat pressed corn zein was more digestible than the heat pressed zein. However, the in vivo results indicated that corn and soy protein were equally bioavailable whether they were derived from film mixture prior to or after film formation. Both corn zein and soy protein material had lower protein efficiency ratio than the control diet. Furthermore, soy protein films materials had a higher protein efficiency ratio than corn zein.
文摘Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation.
文摘High methoxyl pectin (DE = 59.53%) was extracted from plantain peel using acid extraction method. Pectin yield was 40.5%;moisture content was 87.56%;equivalent weight was 1000 g/ml, and galacturonic acid content was 2.89 mg/ml. Composite polymer films incorporating the extracted pectin manifest their best mechanical properties;tensile strength and % elongation of 5.51 MPa and 5.75% respectively with 10 ml glycerol/1g pectin. Raman spectra peaks at 2930 cm1, 1750 cm–1 and 820 cm–1 indicated CH-stretch, C=O ester group of pectin and COH ring in pectin respectively. Films containing pectin sourced from waste are considered potential alternative sources of environmentally benign packaging materials.
文摘随着全球生物经济的发展,生物基材料由于其绿色低碳、环境友好和资源节约等特点成为了新的研究焦点。本文以同一生物基来源的2,5-呋喃二甲酸和1,5-戊二醇为基础,通过熔融聚合制备了一系列无规的韧性聚酯材料——聚呋喃二甲酸戊二醇酯(PPeF)。利用1 H NMR和FTIR确定其分子结构后,通过溶剂铺膜的方式得到薄膜材料。GPC的结果表明,PPeF的数均分子量均在2万以上,且多分散性指数为2.0~2.4,分子量分布较窄。TG的结果表明,PPeF的初始热分解温度约为370℃,具有良好的耐热性及加工性。XRD的结果表明,PPeF处于非结晶状态。力学测试结果表明,PPeF薄膜具备较好的延展性,其最大的断裂伸长率可达1764%。PPeF作为一种可生物降解的材料,可将其应用于脆性生物基材料的改性。
文摘1.ABSTRACT Recently,developing sustainable architectural materials from renewable resources is gaining great interest.This interest is intended to alleviate the drawbacks of petro-leum-based materials and their contribution in the escalation of CO_(2) emissions causing the current environmental deterioration.Achieving sustainability through developing efficient architectural materials have been always conditioned by tech-nological advancements and economic potential.This has affected the architectural design and construction sectors,especially in times of disasters or economic crisis,resulting in paralysis in the architectural construction and material development.These effects were caused by the capitalization and centralization of architectural construction industries.The recent trend of self-sufficiency that had first emerged in environmental activities supporting recycling,environmental purification and conservation,oxygen,food,and electricity production,has extended to cover more sophisticated products,such as wearables,gadgets and architecture.Achieving self-sufficiency in architecture is of interest to multidisciplinary researchers who focus on developing both self-suf-ficient systems and materials as the two main components of the built environment.Developing architectural materials aims to provide cheap,recycled,renewable,environmentally friendly,durable and sustainable building material regardless of the possibility of the autonomous production of these materials on a popular democratic basis.Architectural building materials production was always and still is consid-ered a massive industry that is centralized in major firms and LTDs,limiting the architectural construction process to the availability of major economic capacity.This centralization had its merits in forcing forward large-scale economies and vital-izing the architectural design and construction market,but only on the large scale;however,this centralization shows its drawbacks every time in disasters or economic crisis,causing almost total paralysis in the construction industry due to economic impotence caused by different reasons.Moreover,the centralization of the building and construction industry have affected developing communities,causing economic drawbacks and creating a ripple-like crisis in housing.In this paper,the authors propose the self-sufficiency approach in the develop-ment and production of sustainable architectural material from abundant and renew-able microbial agents,in order to democratize and popularize material production on a domestic and personalized basis.The current work presents Bacterial Cellulose(BC)as a structural and mem-brane material in different architectural elements and applications,developed through simple and domestically applied procedures in order to create distributed and self-sufficient productive units for architectural materials production.The current study aims specifically at the easiness and simplification of the pro-duction practices and procedures of the biopolymers,and specifically bacterial cellu-lose for encouraging and establishing the popularization of self-sufficient production units of these renewable and abundant biopolymers.In this regard,the current study is part of the ongoing research on enhancing the mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose in order to use it for structural applications,that will be further developed in terms of medium optimization,bacterial cellulose production efficiency analysis,and material mechanical and physical properties testing.The following sections will contain a literature review on the chemical base and physical/mechanical properties of biopolymers including bacterial cellulose,followed by the experimental work conducted in this paper to develop bacterial cellulose as an architectural material.The results were further analyzed through formal and struc-tural customization proposing possible applications in architectural design.
