Ecological Restoration Technologies of Urban Artificial Landscape Lakes

Aiming at the problems of water pollution and ecological environment degradation in urban artificial landscape lakes,the ecological restoration technologies of artificial landscape lakes at home and abroad were studied to provide some reference for the ecological restoration of urban artificial landscape lakes in China.

Influences of Limited Ammonium Nitrogen and Water Temperature on the Urban Stream Restoration Using Bacterial Technology – View from the Perspective of Numerical Modelling

To complete the previously information issued on the feasibility study and some technical challenges identi-fied from the application of bacterial technology, this study presents another characteristics of numerical output as the bacterial growth is now also limited to ammonium nitrogen and water temperature. Based on the results obtained, it is found that the degradation of readily biodegradable COD will be much slower be-cause of lower bacterial growth. At certain period, the COD concentration will increase and be plotted higher later on compared to the model which is limited only to substrate and oxygen. Besides the ammonium nitro-gen, other parameters i.e. particulate products from COD decay and particulate degradable organic nitrogen will also increase soon after certain time. Considering the increase of ammonium nitrogen as it is also con-verted to nitrate nitrogen, it can be predicted that some algae may show up during the treatment processes. When the model is simulated under different water temperature, slower biodegradation process is presented at lower water temperature. Because the bacteria grow better at higher water temperature, more oxygen is then required. Finally, from this study, it is also identified that the artificial mixing and addition of oxygen at initial stage of treatment will considerably influence the restoration.

Review of Restoration Technology and Multi-environmental Factors Analysis of West Lake Ecosystem in Hangzhou City

The urban lake ecosystem has the characteristics of long-term,complex and comprehensive in its ecological restoration process because it is related to social and economic activities at multiple levels.Located in Hangzhou City,China,the West Lake is a national-level scenic spot and a world heritage cultural landscape.It provides key ecosystem services for the city and has a significant impact on the urban ecological environment and the well-being of citizens.The West Lake has undergone an 1800-year governance process in history,realizing the harmonious coexistence with Hangzhou City.Since modern times,due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the water quality of the West Lake and its freshwater ecosystem have been greatly damaged.Since 2002,Hangzhou City has achieved the overall restoration of the West Lake ecosystem through a series of measures,such as water diversion projects,dredging projects,and the West Lake comprehensive protection project,and the water environment and lakeshore landscape have been greatly improved.This study analyzed the restoration technology of the West Lake ecosystem from two scales of the watershed and the site and discussed the water ecological governance system of the West Lake in the past 20 years.Through thedata analyses of the West Lake land use,vegetation,TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,COD_(Mn) and other multi-environmental factors,the results showed that the water quality,transparency and eutrophication of the West Lake had been greatly improved.At the same time,the application of large-scale restoration methods and technologies also required long-term observation,and attention should be paid to the proliferation of alien species and the loss of heritage value,so as to further avoid potential ecological risks caused by ecological restoration.

Extended activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) for simulating biodegradation process using bacterial technology

Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required to support various kinds of biodegradation processes. As this particular nutrient is not included in the activated sludge model no. 1 （ASM1）, this study extended this model in order to determine the fate of phosphorus during the biodegradation processes. When some of the kinetics parameters are modified using observed data from the restoration project of the Xuxi River in Wuxi City, China, from August 25 to 31 in 2009, the extended model shows excellent results. In order to obtain optimum values of coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus, the mass fraction method was used to ensure that the final results were reasonable and practically relevant. The temporal distribution of the data calculated with the extended ASM1 approximates that of the observed data.

Research Progress of Analysis and Control Technologies against Urban Landscape Water Pollution

The root causes of urban landscape water pollution were analyzed in this study, the bio-ecological restoration technologies combing both exogenous and endogenous pollution control were put forward.

The Evolution of Desertification Control and Restoration Technology in Typical Ecologically Vulnerable Regions

Global economic development and increasing human activities have brought great challenges to fragile ecosystems.In order to avoid,reduce,and reverse desertification,Chinese and foreign scientists and ecological governance institutions have developed a series of ecological restoration technologies(ERTs)and models in the past few decades.These technologies can improve residents’livelihoods,strengthen disaster resilience,and launch a comprehensive review of degraded ecosystems in desertification regions.However,some studies and practices have limited the selection and promotion of good technologies and the assessments of these technologies,resulting in the waste and loss of funds and manpower.The objective of this study is to identify desertification control and restoration technologies and models,summarize the evolutionary features and trends of these technologies under different natural conditions,and evaluate the various ERTs that are now available.The data sources of this study include the databases of international organizations,CNKI,related literature and reports,and questionnaires from institutions and experts.First,the three stages of ERTs evolution were summarized,and the key events and social-economic developments were identified as the driving forces of evolution.Then,the four categories of ERTs were identified as biological,engineering,agricultural,and management ERTs.Finally,the key ERTs were evaluated in the five dimensions of the degree of difficulty,the degree of maturity,effectiveness,suitability,and potential for transfer.The management ERTs scores for the degree of difficulty,the degree of maturity,and potential for transfer are higher.This study provides a reference for adapting to local conditions,the comprehensive management,rational development,and utilization of dryland resources,improving the application of ecological technologies,and promoting the export and import of the excellent technologies.

Research on Ecological Restoration Technology in Arid or Semi-arid Areas from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative

In the new era of the rapid development of economic globalization and the community of human destiny,the implementation of the “One Belt and One Road”(OBOR) construction model is designed to coordinate environmental protection and economic development. Most of the countries along the Silk Road in the 21st century are developing countries, and the majority of them are facing the same ecological and developmental difficulties as China. In this paper, under the background of the “OBOR” strategy and on the basis of the distribution of global climate types, we selected Central Asia and Northwest China, which have temperate continental climates, as the research objects. We sorted out and summarized the main ecological problems faced by Western China and Central Asia during the development of the “Belt and Road” initiative. At the same time, in combination with the major ecological governance projects implemented in recent years, we proposed key ecological governance technologies that have a certain degree of scalability, such as key technologies for water resource utilization and protection, sand prevention and control, and saline-alkali land governance. The aim was to offer the experiences and a reference for providing technological models for the “one belt along the road” region and the country to build an effective ecological governance system. Two suggestions are then proposed for improving the feasibility and rationality of ecological governance technology in the construction of the “One Belt, One Road”. 1) With the implementation of the strategy of “OBOR” construction, the ecological threats the OBOR countries are facing cannot be ignored. Every country needs to jointly act to build an “OBOR” ecological civilization. 2) The participants must pay attention to the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of ecological carrying capacity, and provide data reference and support for the reasonable allocation of ecological governance technology.

Overview of Ecological Restoration Technologies and Evaluation Systems

Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method（The Mert）, targeting The Mert to qualitative（quick and extensive） and quantitative（detailed） evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.

Grassland Degradation,Construction and the Econmic-technological Strategies of Sustainable Development of Grassland-agriculture

Natural grassland in the West of Northeastern China is located in 40°0′- 43°5′N latitude and 117°0′ -127°5′Elongitude. It lies in the Liao River Valley, the Songhua River Valley and Nen River Valley. About 130 years ago, this region had rich natural grassland resources, was numerically 26.67 millions in hectare of grasslands. Since the last stage of Qing Dynasty, the grassland has been destroyed seriously in 3 times. Up to now, this region only preserved about 2 millions in hectare of the grasslands. In addition, 3.33 millions in hectare of the grasslands have changed from primary grassland to desertification, salinizatio-nalkalinization and degeneration grasslands in the form of patches of bare soil(their simple form of a name is'3 kinds of degeneration grasslands'). This paper indicaed that in any period both grasslands destruction and its restoration were relevant to economic changes and economic systems, particularly to market econmy in that time. The following agricultural economic-technological strategies have been applied to transform of retrogressive grasslands: ① to return reclaimed grassland as farmland to primary grassland in order to greatly increase-economic ecological benefits; ② to close desertification, salinizationalkalinization and degradation grasslands in the form of patches of bare soil; ③to develop grassland-agriculture for establishment of stable production bases of concentrated feed crops and coarse herbage crops.

极薄氧化锆贴面的研究进展

全瓷贴面修复是改善牙齿形态、色泽和排列的常用方法。随着口腔陶瓷材料和修复体加工方式的不断发展,微创/无创贴面修复是医生和患者对牙齿修复提出的共同要求。本文回顾了全瓷贴面的发展历程和应用现状,对极薄氧化锆贴面相关的新材料、新工艺做一介绍,并对其技术前景和临床效果进行展望。

古建筑彩画常用颜料层保护材料的加固性能评估

我国在不同年代、不同区域、不同机构相继开展了古建筑彩画不同的科技修复保护技术,但缺少对科技保护历史沿革比较、科技保护修复效果评价研究,亟需建立科学、客观、符合我国实际的古建筑彩画修复保护评价体系。本研究为国家文物局重点科研基地自筹经费项目“彩画保护科技历史沿革及效果评价研究”部分研究内容,选取经过至少5年保护效果、且前期资料较完备的全国10处典型古建筑彩画进行详细调研,并根据调研结果,选择其中5种加固材料进行了实验室模拟试验,对颜料层保护材料加固性能进行评价,期望为古建筑彩画的保护材料选择提供可靠的实际案例及实验数据支撑,为文物保护和相关材料评价提供新的参考和启示。

水生态修复技术专业课证融通模式探索与实践

课证融通是一种创新的教育理念,有助于提高教育质量和学生的综合素质。水生态修复技术专业是为适应国家战略和社会发展需求而设立的新兴专业,课证融通模式仍在探索阶段。在对课证融通内涵分析的基础上,对融通方式及实施步骤进行了总结,探索了水生态修复技术专业课证融通模式的构建,以期促进水生态修复技术专业高质量发展,提高人才培养质量。

中高职一体化课程体系构建研究与实践——以水生态修复技术专业为例

中高职一体化培养是建立现代职业教育体系的重要举措之一,中高职衔接的核心是一体化课程体系的构建。通过分析一体化课程体系内涵及构建途径,以水生态修复技术专业为例,探索构建中高职一体化课程体系,以实现中高职一体化人才培养的有效衔接,提高技术技能人才培养质量。

2023年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2024年展望——土地工程与信息技术分报告

研究目的:归纳分析2023年国内外土地工程与信息技术领域的研究进展,展望研究趋势。研究方法:文献分析法。研究结果:国内研究主要集中在土地综合开发模式与运行机制、全域土地综合整治的潜力机制及路径、碳中和背景下的土地复垦与生态修复、土壤—植物—微生物模式下的复垦土壤重构、国土空间生态修复差异化分区与格局构建、土地信息智能化监测技术与信息提取方法、数字化国土空间规划技术、基于GIS的土地管理技术。国外研究主要集中在农业用地土地整理模式、基于土壤改良的矿区土地复垦、土壤—植物—微生物协同修复作用机制、基于社会经济和生态指标的生态修复、土地信息监测与预测技术、基于人工智能的土地规划技术、土地管理系统优化技术。研究结论:2023年土地工程与信息技术在全域土地综合整治、土地复垦与土壤重构、国土空间生态修复、土地信息监测与管理技术等方面取得了一定进展。结合当前科技需求,2024年及未来重点关注山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理、全域土地综合整治和国土空间生态保护修复、碳中和目标下的矿区土地复垦、乡村振兴背景下的土地集约利用和低效用地治理、土地信息可视化技术和土地信息智能化处理技术。

纸张检测技术在古籍修复中的应用研究

古籍文化的传承与保护越来越重要,因此,古籍修复技术也逐渐受到关注。随着科学技术的快速发展,现代科学技术逐渐运用于古籍修复工作中,为修复工作的顺利开展提供依据。基于此,介绍了纸张检测的要点,分析纸张检测在古籍修复中的价值,并分析纸张检测技术在古籍修复中的具体应用,发现纸张检测技术在古籍修复中的应用前景广泛,其采用的相应技术不断发展完善,必将为古籍保护与传承做出更大贡献。

复合树脂直接粘接技术用于前牙美学修复的疗效分析

目的探讨复合树脂直接粘接技术在前牙美学修复中的应用效果。方法以2022年6月至2024年1月在安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院行前牙美学修复的54例患者为研究对象,所有患者均采用复合树脂直接粘接技术进行修复。统计前牙美学修复成功率,并分析失败原因。结果随访结果显示54例患者中有50例修复成功,修复成功率为92.59%。4例修复失败,失败率为7.41%,其中树脂脱落2例,树脂变色1例,边缘不密合1例。结论复合树脂直接粘接技术用于前牙美学修复中可取得较好的临床疗效,可有效恢复前牙结构、功能和美观程度。

青藏高原重大工程地质环境扰损机制及生态修复技术体系

青藏高原是我国重要生态屏障区及战略资源基地。近年来,国家在建和拟建的一大批重大工程乃至世纪超级工程都集中分布在青藏高原,在迎来巨大发展机遇的同时,因其地质环境复杂性和生态环境敏感脆弱性,也带来了系列生态地质环境问题,需迫切解决扰损问题识别与影响机制、生态韧性技术、工艺及装备系列“卡脖子”难题。本研究在厘清青藏高原重大工程建设对生态地质环境的主要影响与作用方式基础上,初步构建了青藏高原重大工程建设生态地质环境问题识别与修复技术体系:(1)开展脆弱生态地质环境多尺度全要素系统调查,建立重大工程生态地质环境问题识别与诊断技术;(2)通过“地质-材料-生态-工程”多学科交叉研究突破,解决地质体-工程结构-生物体互馈机理,探明韧性生物技术-工程强度有机适配动态再平衡过程机制与地质灾害防治生态耐久提升与自维护机制;(3)构建碎裂地质体疏排止水、陡立坡面抗冻融、大型松散堆积体渣土熟化-大气集水补灌等多类型复杂场景生态修复模式,研发低碳注浆、矿物-微生物渣土熟化成壤、高分子聚合物冻融促强、干旱区大气集水等高原寒旱山区生态修复新材料,构建近自然植生层重构生态修复技术,研制配套智能化、一体化装备;(4)建立“方案组合-设计优化-生物适配-耐久提升”有机配置技术,提升生态修复自适应维护能力。研究以期为青藏高原重大工程建设生态地质环境影响的总体认识,以及未来生态修复工程方案制定、技术配置、建设工程布局和生态修复耐久性评估、长期监测相关研究提供科学参考和技术支撑。

数字化技术在古陶瓷修复中的研究与运用

以古陶瓷的数字化修复为主题,以青花瓷的修复为案例,针对陶瓷修复行业出现的新技术、新工艺、新方法,进行实证性研究与实践。采用三维扫描数字采集、3D打印数字成型等新技术,运用逆向建模新流程和纹饰转印新工艺,实现了青花瓷“从残至整,从整至真”的高质量修复,初步形成了一套数字化的古陶瓷修复方法。

电动土工塑料排水板修复重金属污染高岭土试验研究

针对重金属锌和镉污染的低渗透性高岭土,采用电动土工塑料排水板(EKG)作为电极材料,通过自制模型试验装置研究了电动修复中电势梯度、通电时间、含水率对重金属去除率的影响,确定电动修复的最优试验条件。在最优试验条件下,开展了电极材料、电势梯度对不同种类重金属去除效果影响的试验研究。结果表明:随着修复时间的增长,阳极处重金属污染物逐渐减少,阴极处重金属污染物富集逐渐增加;试验条件相同情况下,重金属污染物Cd的除去率明显高于Zn;电势梯度越大,重金属Zn离子的去除率越高;电动土工塑料排水板作为电极的电动修复重金属污染土的效果要优于石墨电极。研究有助于揭示电动修复重金属污染土的效果和机理,为电动生态环境修复技术的应用提供技术支持。

矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术研究

为实现人与自然和谐共处的目标,我国矿山开采企业应当意识到自身的角色定位,避免过度开发矿产资源,并且在作业期间实现对生态环境的恢复、治理,而这就对矿山开采企业提出了较高的要求。矿山开采企业应当立足于自身的实际情况,运用科学且合理的技术手段实现对地质环境的恢复、治理,这样才能实现可持续发展。但当前发展,部分矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术的应用还不够深入,使得该类技术无法充分发挥其价值。面对这种情况,矿山开采企业应当建立与时俱进的精神,不断加强对新技术的理解、学习以及应用。基于此,本文将以矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术为研究对象,对其相关内容展开进一步探讨,旨在提升我国矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复工程施工技术的应用水平,助力我国实现人与自然和谐共处的格局。