Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Effects of Full-Element Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield,and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Pepper

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.

Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Characters of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Trails on Its Effect When Applied to Peach

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer and its effect when applied to peach.[Method] Through launching demonstration trial on the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the major fruit producing areas in Liaoning Province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on peach growth and soil were investigated.[Results] After application of bio-organic fertilizer,both the peach yield and fruit quality were improved to some extent,of which yields was increased by 16.4％ compared with the control,and vitamin C and total sugar contents were also significantly increased; application of bio-organic fertilizer also improved the contents of total nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil,and reduced the soil volume weight.[Conclusion] Bioorganic fertilizer can significantly improve fruit yield and quality,as well as improving orchard soil and protecting the environment,thus possessing a bright application prospect in the production of green fruits.

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Application Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Chuanzhu 16

Through the application of bio-organic fertilizer on Chuanzhuo 16, the re- sults showed that the yield could reach 185.23 kg in treatment with bio-organic fer- tilizer, 40.22 kg more than the conventional fertilization, and the yield increase rate reached up to 27.7%.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

有机肥替代化肥氮对谷子氮素累积、产量及品质的影响

有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。

A Field Study on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Modes on Nutrient Uptake,Crop Yield and Soil Biological Properties in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

Rational application of nitrogen （N） fertilizers is an important measure to raise N fertilizer recovery rate and reduce N loss.A two-year field experiment of rice-wheat rotation was employed to study the effects of N fertilization modes including a N fertilizer reduction and an organic manure replacement on crop yield,nutrient uptake,soil enzyme activity,and number of microbes as well as diversity of microbes.The result showed that 20% reduction of traditional N fertilizer dose of local farmers did not significantly change crop yield,N uptake,soil enzyme activity,and the number of microbes （bacteria,actinomycetes,and fungi）.On the basis of 20% reduction of N fertilizer,50% replacement of N fertilizer by organic manure increased the activity of sucrose,protease,urease,and phosphatase by 46-62,27-89,33-46,and 35-74%,respectively,and the number of microbes,i.e.,bacteria,actinomycetes,and fungi by 36-150,11-153,and 43-56%,respectively.Further,organic fertilizer replacement had a Shannon＇s diversity index （H） of 2.18,which was higher than that of other modes of single N fertilizer application.The results suggested that reducing N fertilizer by 20% and applying organic manure in the experimental areas could effectively lower the production costs and significantly improve soil fertility and biological properties.

有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮对间作珠芽魔芋生长及养分积累利用的影响

为探索胶园间作珠芽魔芋的合理施氮方法,对有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮对珠芽魔芋生理特性、产量、品质及养分积累利用的影响进行了研究。研究设6个处理,分别为不施氮对照(T1)、当地习惯化肥氮用量(N 450kg/hm^(2))(T2)、80%习惯化肥氮用量+20%有机肥氮用量(T3)、80%习惯化肥氮用量(T4)、60%习惯化肥氮用量+20%有机肥氮用量(T5)、30%习惯化肥氮用量+50%有机肥氮用量(T6)。成熟期测定珠芽魔芋叶片形态指标、叶面球茎数量及倒伏株数、地下球茎产量、可溶性糖、淀粉、葡甘聚糖含量、氮磷钾含量及氮肥利用率。结果表明:与纯施化肥氮相比,有机肥代替部分化肥珠芽魔芋株高、茎粗、叶面球茎数量、繁殖系数增加,抗倒伏能力增强,提高了地下球茎氮肥利用率、产量、单株鲜重、膨大系数及氮、磷、钾吸收量。胶园间作珠芽魔芋的合理施氮模式为80%化肥氮+20%有机肥氮或者30%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮。

茶园化肥减施的认识误区及实施建议

茶园化肥减施是不是茶园不让施化肥了,是不是不施肥的茶叶品质更好?茶园化肥减施,茶叶还能长好吗?针对化肥减施行动实施以来,部分茶叶生产者的认识误区,讨论了茶园施肥的必要性、化肥减施的紧迫性,以及合理的化肥减施措施及成效。茶园施肥不足会影响茶树的正常生长,茶叶减产降质明显;施肥过量则会使土壤质量恶化,同样对茶树生长不利。只有通过合理施肥,并配套增效技术,才能促进茶树正常生长。茶园化肥减施要根据不同生产茶园具体情况进行,基本原则为总氮控制、磷钾基准养分合理配比,有机肥替代(以纯N计)比例25%~40%。

应对少子化的生育支持政策体系的实践与思考

完善生育支持政策体系是对当前中国所面临的严峻少子化形势的积极应对。揭示各地实践进展、分析措施效果与问题、探讨政策改进方案,有助于完善生育支持政策体系和激励机制,推动建设生育友好型社会。自2021年以来,全国各地从经济支持、时间支持和服务支持三个方面持续发力,努力推进生育政策的配套支持措施落地落实,但在经济补贴的范围与力度、产假时间的长度与性质、托育服务的扩容与增效等具体内容方面,还存在实践差异性和理念上的分歧。完善生育支持政策体系使其充分发挥效力需要把握难点、重点和发力点:难点在于转变工作理念、提高治理能力;重点是聚焦“体系”、因地制宜、因人而异;发力点是重塑社会婚育文化。

有机无机肥配施对江苏滨海盐碱土农田生产力和碳库的影响

[目的]有机肥施用是江苏滨海轻度盐碱地主要的改土提质技术,本试验通过研究在有机替代模式下夏玉米种植系统农田生产力和土壤碳库的变化特征,探索在粉垄耕作模式下有机肥还田同氮肥减量的最佳比例。[方法]按照等氮量投入原则,以当地氮肥施用(CK)为对照,设置25%有机肥+75%氮肥(CT25)、50%有机肥+50%氮肥(CT50)、75%有机肥+25%氮肥(CT75)、有机肥全量替代氮肥(CT100)处理,开展粉垄耕作模式下不同比例有机肥替代氮肥玉米种植田间试验,对玉米农田生产力和土壤碳库指标进行测定。[结果]与氮肥全量施用相比,有机肥替代化肥比例在25%~50%时,玉米籽粒产量可增加8.74%~11.21%,其中CT25处理的玉米光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))显著增加,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均较单施氮肥显著增加,有机替代比例超过50%以上时玉米产量和土壤养分较纯施氮肥无显著变化。相较于纯施氮肥,有机肥替代比例在25%~75%时土壤碳储量提升9.47%~14.61%,这主要依赖于土壤有机碳含量和容重的显著增加。土壤有机碳含量和玉米产量呈显著的正相关关系。[结论]粉垄耕作模式条件下,有机肥替代氮肥在25%~50%可以显著改善土壤理化性质,增加土壤碳储量,提升农田生产力,可作为江苏滨海旱作玉米种植推荐施肥技术。

有机肥替代化肥对玉露香梨生长及果实品质的影响

为筛选出适宜玉露香梨生长及提质的最优施肥处理,采用主成分分析的评价函数确定常规测土配方施肥处理(T_(1))、有机肥替代25%(T_(2))、50%(T_(3))、75%(T_(4))的化肥氮和单施有机肥(T_(5))5个处理对玉露香梨生长及品质指标的影响。结果表明,前2个主成分的累计贡献率达90.946%。第一主成分占70.492%的累计贡献率,可溶性糖、可溶性固形物是改善果实品质的主要指标;第二主成分(F_(2))占20.454%的累计贡献率,其中果实纵径占比最高。结合PCA综合评价,有机肥替代化肥氮50%处理果实品质综合得分最高。可见,T_(3)处理是促进玉露香梨生长及提质的最佳处理。

不同有机肥替代比例对橘园土壤及果实品质影响研究

为降低柑橘化肥氮用量促进橘园可持续发展,开展有机肥替代化肥对柑橘果实品质、土壤养分、微生物活性以及细菌群落的影响研究。采用单因素随机区组设计,设置4个有机肥替代化肥处理:0(CK)、25%替代(T1)、50%替代(T2)、75%替代(T3)。在柑橘成熟期,取样测定土壤养分、果实品质、土壤酶活性、土壤细菌群落以及全年柑橘CO_(2)通量。施用有机肥显著提升土壤速效养分进而提升柑橘果重、维生素C、可溶性固形物等果实品质。有机肥替代化肥提升了土壤微生物活性,提高了土壤CO_(2)排放通量。施用有机肥显著提升了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,显著降低了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。有机肥替代化肥显著提升了土壤细菌群落多样性,提高了土壤抗病菌如红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes)与芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度。RDA分析结果表明:有机肥替代化肥对土壤细菌群落产生影响,其中土壤有效磷、有机质、pH、有效镁是本试验中影响橘园土壤细菌群落的关键因子。有机肥替代显著提高了土壤微生物活性,提升了土壤速效养分,增加了有益菌的相对丰度,对柑橘健康生长发挥了重要作用,其中有机肥替代基肥中50%的化肥在提升土壤速效养分与柑橘品质方面效果最佳,与施用化肥的对照相比,显著提升34.58%柑橘果重、14.02%横径、15.21%纵径、25.43%可溶性固形物含量、16.46%维生素C含量。研究结果可为合理开展柑橘园有机肥替代化肥,提高柑橘品质和促进橘园可持续发展提供参考。

有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤养分和马铃薯块茎品质的影响

研究旨在评估有机肥替代化肥对土壤和马铃薯的影响,并确定最佳的有机替代比例。试验于2022年在宁夏固原市西吉县进行,以‘青薯9号’马铃薯品种为供试材料,设置5个处理组,对照组(CK)仅施用化肥,T1组20%的化肥被有机肥替代,T2组40%的化肥被有机肥替代,T3组60%的化肥被有机肥替代,T_(4)组完全施用有机肥。研究分析不同处理对马铃薯生长期间土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性及块茎品质的影响,并探讨三者之间的关系。结果显示:(1)与CK、T_(4)相比,有机肥替代部分化肥能显著提高碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,其中速效钾的增长最为明显,增幅为13.86%~37.74%、2.55%~42.10%。(2)土层深度0~20cm的土壤酶活性略高于20~40cm,有机肥替代部分化肥提高了土壤酶活性,特别是碱性磷酸酶活性,在0~20、20~40 cm土层较CK分别提高了3.74%~56.11%、2.02%~55.90%;较T_(4)分别提高了7.57%~64.94%、8.56%~50.57%。(3)与CK和T_(4)处理相比,有机肥替代部分化肥处理提高了马铃薯块茎品质含量。(4)相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量呈正相关,土壤养分含量的增加会促进酶活性的提升。逐步线性回归分析发现,碱解氮、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶以及20~40cm土层的过氧化氢酶活性与马铃薯品质有显著关联。研究表明,有机肥替代40%的化肥对提升土壤养分含量、增强土壤酶活性、改善马铃薯品质的效果最为显著。

有机肥氮替代化肥氮对茶叶产量和品质及土壤肥力的影响

为综合评价有机肥氮替代化肥氮对茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响,指导茶园科学施用有机肥。在贵州省湄潭县开展田间试验,以单施化肥(ON0)为对照,设置有机肥氮替代20%(ON20)、40%(ON40)、60%(ON60)、80%(ON80)和100%(ON100)的化学氮肥,分析各处理茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力的变化。结果表明,随有机肥氮替代比例的增加,茶叶产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中以ON20处理最高,较ON0处理增产21.53%。有机肥氮替代化肥氮显著提升了茶叶游离氨基酸总量,茶叶酚氨比降低,茶叶品质提升。与单施化肥比较,有机肥氮替代化肥氮能够提升土壤pH和有机质含量,土壤铵态氮和微生物量氮含量有所降低。与单施化肥处理比较,有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮条件下,茶园土壤硝态氮、碱解氮和可溶性总氮含量分别提升21.35%、3.13%和10.73%。因此,有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮处理,茶叶产量和品质均提升,土壤pH、有机质和氮含量也得到提高,是较优的有机肥配施模式。

有机肥替代化肥对葡萄产量品质及土壤养分的影响

[目的]研究有机肥替代化肥对萧县葡萄果实品质及果园土壤养分的影响。[方法]以设施葡萄为研究对象,分别设置不施肥(T_(1))、常规施肥(T_(2))、优化化肥施肥(T_(3))、有机肥替代15%化肥(T_(4))、有机肥替代30%化肥(T_(5))、有机肥替代15%氮(T_(6))和有机肥替代30%氮(T_(7))共7个处理。[结果]与T_(2)处理相比,T_(4)~T_(7)处理土壤pH和有机质、全氮、全钾含量分别提高1.72%~3.03%、5.62%~13.30%、5.71%~21.90%和7.37%~11.58%。T_(4)和T_(5)处理与T_(2)处理相比,葡萄可溶性固形物含量分别提高5.06%和1.74%、糖酸比含量提高7.28%和2.08%,土壤阳离子交换量提高4.85%和5.45%,速效钾含量提高25.76%和7.12%,果实还原性糖、维生素和土壤全磷含量降低;其中T_(4)处理葡萄产量和土壤有效磷含量较T_(2)处理分别增加13.26%和44.42%。与T_(2)处理相比,T_(6)处理葡萄产量、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比和维生素含量分别提高1.74%、3.13%、9.38%和3.64%,土壤pH、有机质、全钾、全磷、有效磷含量均有所增加。T_(7)处理葡萄产量、还原性糖、可溶性固形物和维生素含量分别降低13.84%、1.27%、0.41%、2.20%和3.73%。[结论]综合果实品质和土壤质量,T_(4)处理的效果最佳。