Effects of Full-Element Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield,and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Pepper

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.

Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Characters of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Trails on Its Effect When Applied to Peach

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer and its effect when applied to peach.[Method] Through launching demonstration trial on the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the major fruit producing areas in Liaoning Province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on peach growth and soil were investigated.[Results] After application of bio-organic fertilizer,both the peach yield and fruit quality were improved to some extent,of which yields was increased by 16.4％ compared with the control,and vitamin C and total sugar contents were also significantly increased; application of bio-organic fertilizer also improved the contents of total nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil,and reduced the soil volume weight.[Conclusion] Bioorganic fertilizer can significantly improve fruit yield and quality,as well as improving orchard soil and protecting the environment,thus possessing a bright application prospect in the production of green fruits.

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Application Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Chuanzhu 16

Through the application of bio-organic fertilizer on Chuanzhuo 16, the re- sults showed that the yield could reach 185.23 kg in treatment with bio-organic fer- tilizer, 40.22 kg more than the conventional fertilization, and the yield increase rate reached up to 27.7%.

Preliminary Report on Application Effects of Slow-release Formula Fertilizer in Tea Plants

In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special slow-release formula fertilizer in tea plants were investigated in Wuhan. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of tea plant-specific slow-release formula fertilizer improved the yield of tea by more than 30%. The amino acid content in tea was increased by 21.05% and 30.82%, respectively, and the income was increased 27 696 （33.88%） and 27 624 （33.79%） yuan/hm2, respectively.

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Multiscale Regional Formula Fertilization Considering Environment Information Incompleteness

Conventional formula fertilization tends to calculate regional rate of fertilizer application by means of analyzing spatial distribution of regional cultivated land productivity combined with experiment data. However,as environment information of cultivated land is incomplete due to limitation of traditional cultivated land management technology and data acquisition,uncertainty of rate of fertilizer makes it hard to define the interval of formula fertilization and support the regional fertilization task. With the technique of spatial analysis and multiscale uncertainty theory,conventional fertilization can be optimized. Four steps are involved to calculate regional formula fertilization interval based on conventional formula fertilization:( i) To simulate cultivated land productivity according to EGLSN Model,and make it crop target field;( ii) To determine rate of fertilizer according to target field to define cultivated land productivity fertilizer interval and mid-value;( iii) To define region fertilizer interval length and value of region varying with scales as environment information becomes complete gradually;( iv) To apply block fertilizer combined with conventional formula by soil testing. Multiscale optimizing formula fertilization system has been established by using the Arc Engine as a platform to integrate the methods,which is applied in Xinjiang County,Shanxi Province,in order to optimize the existing fertilization formula in study area. It showed that the optimized formula fertilization had more spatial details of productivity than the original one.And the new method is available to support formula fertilization in any region or the block with uncertain environment information. It is therefore concluded that the proposed method has the potential for popularity,which provides a multiscale,multiple-factor and standardized formula fertilization method.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Soil Nutrients,Yield and Quality of Cucumber Under Moistube Irrigation

[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.

配方施肥对薄壳山核桃生长及土壤性状的影响

为探索薄壳山核桃幼林生长发育的适宜施肥配方,采用氮、磷、钾3因素4水平16个处理的正交试验设计,探究不同施肥配方对薄壳山核桃幼林生长、土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量及叶片矿质养分含量的影响。结果表明:影响幼林树高和茎粗增长量大小的肥料主次顺序为:尿素、氯化钾、过磷酸钙,最优水平组合为:尿素0.45 kg/株+过磷酸钙1.71 kg/株+氯化钾0.28 kg/株;影响叶片氮、磷、钾含量高低的肥料主次顺序为:氯化钾、尿素、过磷酸钙,最优水平组合为:尿素0.11 kg/株+过磷酸钙0.85 kg/株+氯化钾0.46 kg/株;影响土壤有效氮、磷、钾及有机质含量高低的肥料主次顺序为:尿素、氯化钾、过磷酸钙,最优水平组合为:尿素0.33 kg/株+过磷酸钙1.28 kg/株+氯化钾0.28 kg/株;影响土壤酶活性高低的肥料主次顺序为:尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾,最优水平组合为:尿素0.22 kg/株+过磷酸钙0.85 kg/株+氯化钾0.28 kg/株。树高和茎粗增长量与叶片全氮和全磷含量存在显著负相关,土壤蔗糖酶与土壤有效氮、磷、钾存在显著正相关。总体上,对薄壳山核桃幼林生长发育影响的肥料主次顺序为:尿素、氯化钾、过磷酸钙,最优施肥水平组合为尿素0.45 kg/株+过磷酸钙0.85 kg/株+氯化钾0.28 kg/株。

Effects of Fertilization on Young Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua Hongye Growth

Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N＋P＋K〉N＋K〉N＋P, P＋K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [（NH2）2CO, 150 g/plant] ＋ calcium superphosphate [Ca（H2PO4）2.H20, 220 g/plant] ＋ potassium sulphate （K2SO4, 75 g/plant）.

土壤酸化原因、阻控技术及改良策略分析

对研究区1980s农业土壤普查数据和2010s测土配方施肥项目中20000多个土壤样本pH数据进行比较分析,探讨土壤的pH变化趋势、土壤酸化的原因、主要阻控技术以及适宜的土壤改良措施。结果表明,1980s—2010s研究区土壤pH平均值呈下降趋势,中性土壤比例下降13.1%,酸性土壤比例增加14.4%,土壤pH下降1个单位的土壤面积占比24.48%。分析认为土壤酸化由成土母质和化肥施用、土地利用方式、酸雨以及草木灰等碱性物质施用量减少等多种因素造成;基于土壤酸化原因,探讨了现行的土壤酸化阻控技术,包括碱性物质中和技术、有机肥料替代化肥技术、农业工程措施降渍治渍技术及绿肥+生物菌肥改良技术;提出了适宜研究区实际情况的土壤改良措施,包括增加石灰、有机物灰渣等碱性物质和增加有机肥料等。

永州烟区新型烟草专用基肥应用效果研究

为进一步提高肥料利用率,保障烟叶高产优质,以云烟87为研究对象,采用田间小区试验方法,开展了永州烟区不同新型烟草专用基肥应用效果研究。结果表明:与现用烟草专用基肥相比,不同新型配方基肥总体上均可提高烟株株高、有效叶数和茎围,其中以新型配方基肥2号对烟株生长发育的促进效果最佳,移栽后75d,株高显著提高4.52%,茎围显著提高4.62%,最大叶长显著提高4.21%,最大叶宽显著提高28.49%。与现用烟草专用基肥相比,新型配方基肥2号能改善烟叶化学品质,总氮提高10.71%,总钾含量提高5.85%,烟碱含量和糖碱比均达到优质烟叶范围。与现用烟草专用基肥相比,新型配方基肥处理烟叶产量提高12.25%~16.84%,产值提高7.28%~20.65%,中等烟比例提升3.75%~13.26%。综合来看,新型配方基肥2号对改善烟株农艺性状、改善烟叶化学成分和提高烟叶经济效益效果最好。

三亚市水稻氮磷钾肥利用率田间试验探析

海南省三亚市是中国南繁育种基地之一,水稻为全市的主要粮食作物,在生产过程中合理施用肥料以提高产量极其重要。本试验通过田间水稻种植试验和实验室检测及数据分析,探讨氮肥、磷肥、钾肥不同配施水平对水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,测土配方施肥的水稻产量最高,处理1的理论产量为558.04 kg/667m^(2),氮肥利用率为41.37%、磷肥利用率为22.73%、钾肥利用率为45.84%。本试验旨在为三亚市水稻种植中推广测土配方施肥技术提供数据支撑和参考。

不同施肥处理对‘渝城1号’核桃产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

以‘渝城1号’核桃为研究对象,设置单施复合肥、单施有机肥、施用核桃配方肥及不施肥4个处理,测定不同施肥处理时核桃产量、品质及核桃园土壤理化性质、微生物数量等,对核桃配方肥的应用效果进行评价。结果表明:施复合肥、有机肥及核桃配方肥均能提高核桃产量,其中,施用核桃配方肥的增产效果最好,经济效益最高,该施肥处理比不施肥的收益提高88.1%。相比于不施肥,施用核桃配方肥时核桃果实的蛋白质及脂肪总量显著提高,油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸占比增加,硬脂酸、棕榈酸等饱和脂肪酸占比下降。施用复合肥能促进核桃园土壤有效氮、磷、钾质量分数的增加,但会引起土壤pH及有机质质量分数下降。施用有机肥和核桃配方肥均能促进土壤有机质和有效养分质量分数增加。施用核桃配方肥后,土壤总微生物量增加,固氮菌、解磷菌、解钾菌、纤维降解菌等功能微生物数量均显著增多,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等活性大幅升高。施用核桃配方肥能显著提升核桃的产量和品质,更利于土壤养分转化和果园可持续经营。

氮磷钾配施对栀子幼苗生长的影响

为探索栀子幼苗最佳施肥配比,培育栀子良种壮苗,以1年生栀子幼苗为试验材料,开展了不同施肥配比试验,通过测定不同施肥配比条件下栀子幼苗的苗高、地径、平均叶面积、苗木生物量、根系等性状指标,利用隶属函数进行综合评价。结果表明:供试施肥处理均能促进栀子幼苗生长,但不同施肥配比对栀子幼苗各生长指标的促进作用不同。处理T3和T5能较好地促进栀子幼苗苗高和地径的增长,其苗高增长量均达到39.0 cm以上,地径增长量也均高于3.6 mm;T4施肥处理的栀子叶面积增长量最大,可达38.08 cm^(2),比对照组增加202.22%;T7施肥处理的总根长、侧根数、根平均直径、根表面积、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量以及总生物量在所有施肥处理当中表现最好,与对照相比分别增加25.50%、139.29%、57.85%、71.30%、51.28%、132.11%和103.14%。利用隶属函数对栀子幼苗各生长指标进行综合评价可知,栀子幼苗最佳的施肥处理为T7,尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾的施用量分别为3.0、0.8、1.2 g·株^(-1)。