Rubidium-modified bioactive glass-ceramics with hydroxyapatite crystals for bone regeneration

In order to study the influence of rubidium(Rb)addition on the phase composition,microstructure,mechanical properties and cell response of bioactive glass-ceramics,CaO−SiO2−Na2O−B2O3−MgO−ZnO−P2O5 glass system was designed with and without addition of Rb.The results show that hydroxyapatite(HA)and Mg−whitelockite(Ca18Mg2H2(PO4)14)crystalline phases are formed in the glass matrix without Rb.After the addition of Rb,only HA phase is detected.The grain size of the crystals in the glass-ceramics is larger with the addition of Rb than that of samples without Rb.Rb addition can improve the bending strength of glass-ceramics.The cultivation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)on Rb-containing glass-ceramics demonstrates enhanced cell adhesion,proliferation and ALP activity.In conclusion,Rb-modified glass-ceramics exhibit good mechanical property,excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility,which have potential for bone regeneration application.

RESEARCH ON A NEW TYPE OF MACHINABLE BIOACTIVE GLASS-CERAMICS

A new type of machinable bioactive glass-ceramics for bone substitution has been developed in the glass system SiO_2-MgO-K_2O-F^--CaO-P_2O_5, which contains Mg- muscovite [K_2Mg_5 (Si_8O_(20)) F_4] and fluorapatite as the two main crystal phases. The phase separation and the crystallization of the glass have been studied. A series of tests have showed that the material is good at mechanical property and bioactivity. Espe- cially, by analysing the structure of the interface layer between the material and the bone of animal with scanning electron microscope, electron probe, etc., it has been found that the new bone hydroxya- patite is formed on the surface of the material so that the material is connected firmly with the bone.

Preparation of Machinable Bioactive Glass-ceramics by Sol-gel Method

The purpose of this research was to prepare machinable bioactive glass-ceramics by sol-gel method. A multi-component composite sol with great uniformity and stability was first prepared by a 2-step method. The composite sol was then transformed into gel by aging under different temperatures. The gel was dried finally by super critically drying method and sintered to obtain the machinable bioactive glass-ceramics. Effect of thermal treatment on crystallization of the glass-ceramics was investigated by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ） analysis. Microstructure of the glass- ceramics was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） and the mechanism of machinability was discussed. Phlogopite and hydroxylapatite were identified as main crystal phases by XRD analysis under thermal treatment at 750℃ and 950℃ for 1.5 h separately. The relative bulk density could achieve 99% under 1050℃ for 4 h. Microstructure of the glass-ceramics showed that the randomly distributed phlogopite and hydroxylapatite phases were favorable to the machinability of the glass-ceramics. A mean bending strength of about 160- 180 MPa and a fracture toughness parameter KIC of aboat 2.1-2.3 were determined for the glass-ceramics.

Fabrication and multiscale characterization of 3D silver containing bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds

In this work,we fabricated and characterized bioactive 3D glass-ceramic scaffolds with inherent antibacterial properties.The sol-gel(solution-gelation)technique and the sacrificial template method were applied for the fabrication of 3D highly porous scaffolds in the 58.6SiO2-24.9CaO-7.2P2O5-4.2Al2O3–1.5Na2O−1.5K2O–2.1Ag2O system(Ag-BG).This system is known for its advanced bioactive and antibacterial properties.The fabrication of 3D scaffolds has potential applications that impact tissue engineering.The study of the developed scaffolds from macro-characteristics to nano-,revealed a strong correlation between the macroscale properties such as antibacterial action,bioactivity with the microstructural characteristics such as elemental analysis,crystallinity.Elemental homogeneity,morphological,and microstructural characteristics of the scaffolds were studied by scanning electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),transmittance electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and UV-visible spectroscopy methods.The compressive strength of the 3D scaffolds was measured within the range of values for glass-ceramic scaffolds with similar compositions,porosity,and pore size.The capability of the scaffolds to form an apatite-like phase was tested by immersing the scaffolds in simulated body fluid(SBF)and the antibacterial response against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was studied.The formation of an apatite phase was observed after two weeks of immersion in SBF and the anti-MRSA effect occurs after both direct and indirect exposure.

Isotropic sintering shrinkage of 3D glass-ceramic nanolattices:backbone preforming and mechanical enhancement

There is a perpetual pursuit for free-form glasses and ceramics featuring outstanding mechanical properties as well as chemical and thermal resistance.It is a promising idea to shape inorganic materials in three-dimensional(3D)forms to reduce their weight while maintaining high mechanical properties.A popular strategy for the preparation of 3D inorganic materials is to mold the organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists into 3D micro-and nano-structures and remove the organic components by subsequent sintering.However,due to the discrete arrangement of inorganic components in the organic-inorganic hybrid photoresists,it remains a huge challenge to attain isotropic shrinkage during sintering.Herein,we demonstrate the isotropic sintering shrinkage by forming the consecutive–Si–O–Si–O–Zr–O–inorganic backbone in photoresists and fabricating 3D glass–ceramic nanolattices with enhanced mechanical properties.The femtosecond(fs)laser is used in two-photon polymerization(TPP)to fabricate 3D green body structures.After subsequent sintering at 1000℃,high-quality 3D glass–ceramic microstructures can be obtained with perfectly intact and smooth morphology.In-suit compression experiments and finite-element simulations reveal that octahedral-truss(oct-truss)lattices possess remarkable adeptness in bearing stress concentration and maintain the structural integrity to resist rod bending,indicating that this structure is a candidate for preparing lightweight and high stiffness glass–ceramic nanolattices.3D printing of such glasses and ceramics has significant implications in a number of industrial applications,including metamaterials,microelectromechanical systems,photonic crystals,and damage-tolerant lightweight materials.

Transcriptomic analysis of Andrias davidianus meat and experimental validation for exploring its bioactive components as functional foods

Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.

Preparation, Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Potassium Aluminosilicate Glass-ceramics

In this study,transparent K_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(KAS)glass-ceramics with leucite as the main crystalline phase were prepared by melting-quench method and two-step heat treatment.The effects of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio and heat treatment on crystallization and mechanical properties were studied.The crystallization kinetics and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)results showed that SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio and heat treatment system had a direct impact on the crystallization behavior of potassium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics.When heat-treated at 680℃/2 h and 780℃/1 h,cracks generated on the surface of the sample with the addition of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)=4.8(in mol)due to the huge difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between glass matrix and surface.When the addition of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)(in mol)was 4,the sample with leucite as the main crystalline phase showed an excellent fracture toughness(1.46 MPa·m^(0.5))after the heat treatment of 680℃/2 h and 780℃/5 h.And there was a phase transformation from kaliophilite to leucite.The crystalline phases of the sample heat-treated at 680℃/8 h and 780℃/1 h were leucite and kaliophilite,which resulted in the visible light transmittance of 63%and the fracture toughness of 0.91 MPa·m^(0.5).Furthermore,after the heat treatment of 680℃/2 h and 780℃/5 h,the main crystalline phase of the sample with SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)=3.2(in mol)was still kaliophilite.Because leucite only grows on the surface of the sample and is hard to grow inward,it is hard to achieve the bulk crystallization of leucite in the sample with SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)=3.2(in mol).

Glass-Ceramics with High Strength and High Transmittance Obtained by Multi-Factor Controlling

The presence of Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) and LiAlSi_(4)O_(10) could effectively improve the elastic modulus and transmittance of lithium disilicate(LD)glass-ceramics.Through synergistically modulation of the crystal content and grain size,we obtained high strength and high transmittance of LD glass-ceramics.The optimal sample had a high transmittance of 90.3%,the hardness was 7.72 GPa,the fracture toughness was 1.07 MPa·m^(1/2),and the elastic modulus was 103.1 GPa.

Pharmacological effects of bioactive agents in earthworm extract:A comprehensive review

This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract(EE)and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE.We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain.We summarize the bioactive components of EE,including G-90,lysenin,lumbrokinase,antimicrobial peptides,earthworm serine protease(ESP),and polyphenols,and detail the antitumor,antithrombotic,antiviral,antibacterial,anti-i nflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,wound-healing,antifibrotic,and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies.We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies,and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance.The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis.Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix.The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage.Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections,and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial,fungal,and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections,effectively reducing pain.Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose.EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.

Extraction,chemical components,bioactive functions and adulteration identification of walnut oils:A review

Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils.There are various extraction methods for walnut oil,including traditional(pressing,solvent-and enzymeassisted extraction)and novel methods(microwave,ultrasound,supercritical CO_(2),subcritical and other extraction technologies).Walnut oil is rich in nutrients,including phytosterols,tocopherols,polyphenols,squalene and minerals.It provides many health benefits,such as antioxidant,antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and lipid metabolism-related functions.In addition,the authentication of walnut oil has received much research attention.The present review provides detailed research on walnut oil extraction,composition,health benefits and adulteration identification methods.The path toward further walnut oil improvement in the context of the market value of walnut oil is also discussed.

Bioactive compounds in Hericium erinaceus and their biological properties:a review

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.

Nutritional values,bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane(Portulaca oleracea L.):a comprehensive review

Portulaca oleracea L.,commonly known as purslane,is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as“Global Panacea”.As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world,it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential“new crop”due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid(α-linolenic acid),as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals.Accordingly,emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperglycemic,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory.These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine.This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane,including the nutritional compositions,bioactive compounds,and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations,challenges,and future directions of research.Finally,we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.

Chemical incorporation of SiO_(2) into TiO_(2) layer by green plasma enhancer and quencher agents for synchronized improvements in the protective and bioactive properties

This study explores the dynamic interaction between environmentally sustainable plasma enhancer and quencher agents during the incorporation of SiO_(2) into a TiO_(2) layer,with the primary objective of simultaneously augmenting protective and bioactive attributes.This enhancement is realized through the synergistic utilization of Tetraethyl orthosilicate(TE)and Stevia(ST)within a plasma-assisted oxidation process.To achieve this goal,Ti–6Al–4V alloy underwent oxidation in an electrolyte solution containing acetate-glycerophosphate,with the addition of TE and ST separately and in combination.TE,as a silicon oxide(SiO_(2))precursor,facilitates the creation of a calcium-rich,rough,porous layer by undergoing hydrolysis to generate silanol groups(Si–OH),which subsequently condense into silicon-oxygen-silicon(Si–O–Si)bonds,resulting in SiO_(2) formation.In contrast,ST acts as a plasma quencher,absorbing highly reactive plasma species during the oxidation process,reducing energy levels,and diminishing sparking intensity.The combination of TE and ST results in moderate sparking,balancing Stevia's quenching effect and TE's sparking influence.As a result,this coating exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance and bioactivity compared to using either ST or TE alone.The study highlights the potential of this synergistic approach for advanced TiO_(2)-based coatings.

Bioactive Compounds Recovery from Larrea tridentata by Green Ultrasound- Assisted Extraction

Postharvest losses remain a significant challenge,particularly in developing countries that have inadequate infra-structure.Medicinal plants offer an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for managing diseases and pests in agri-cultural systems.These plants are rich in bioactive compounds,such as alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,phenolics,and essential oils,many of which have proven antimicrobial,antifungal,insecticidal,and antioxidant properties.These characteristics make medicinal plants viable candidates for postharvest disease and pest control.Among these,Larrea tridentata(creosote bush)is particularly notable for its bioactive compounds with strong antifungal properties.Their potential applications include agriculture,food preservation,and medicine.This study aimed to evaluate how different solvent mixtures affect the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction,total polyphenol content,antioxidant capacity,and antifungal activity of L.tridentata leaves and stems.Thefindings revealed that the 60%ethanol ultrasound-assisted extract of L.tridentata leaves(ULL 60%)contained the highest concentration of bioactive compounds,including hydrolysable tannins(690.2 mg GAE/100 g)and condensed tan-nins(329.9 mg CE/100 g).All extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in ABTS,DPPH,and FRAP assays,with ethanol-based extracts showing greater antioxidant potential than their aqueous counterparts.In terms of antifungal efficacy,100%ethanol leaf extract exhibited the strongest inhibition against Fusarium oxyspor-um(60.03%),whereas 50%ethanol extract effectively inhibited Alternaria alternata(53.61%).Six major polyphe-nolic compounds were identified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(RP-HPLC-ESI-MS).These include quercetin,luteolin,3,4-dihydrox-yphenylethanol,elenolic acid,nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA),and kaempferide.These compounds are known to have antibacterial,antifungal and antioxidant properties.Thesefindings underscore the potent fungi-static properties of L.tridentata leaf extracts against key phytopathogenic fungi,highlighting their potential as bioactive agents in the formulation of eco-friendly biopesticides.

Properties of Ultra-low Thermal Expansion LAS Transparent Glass-ceramics Prepared by Spodumene

The glass-ceramics were prepared with the spodumene mineral as the main raw material,and the effects of ZrO_(2)replacing TiO_(2)on the samples were systematically investigated.The results show that the substitution of ZrO_(2)for TiO_(2)is not conductive to precipitate𝛽β-quartz solid solution phase,but can improve the transparency and flexural strength of glass-ceramics.And the glass-ceramic with the highest visible light transmittance(87%)and flexural strength(231.80 MPa)exhibits an ultra-low thermal expansion of-0.028×10^(-7)K^(-1)in the region of 30-700℃.

Bioactive constituents and action mechanism of Xiaoyao San for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Xiaoyao San(XYS)is a classic Chinese medicine prescription.It is traditionally used to relieve syndrome of“liver stagnation and spleen deficiency”,a common syndrome type in traditional Chinese medicine,through soothing liver,tonifying spleen,and nourishing blood.Correspondingly,XYS has long application in the treatment of depression,dyspepsia and liver diseases.Given the rising of cutting-edge researches on XYS,there’s a significant need to diligently uncover the bioactive constituents and action mechanisms of XYS for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease accordingly.

Characterization and Performance of Magnesium Doped Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

The bioactive glass and related biomaterials have become increasingly popular, and have also attracted the research interest of many researchers in recent years due its special performance and tissue engineering application. In this study, to create a material with a variety of properties Mg doped hollow bioactive glass (Mg-HBG) of 80SiO2-5P2O5-10CaO-5MgO system had been produced by using a sol-gel method. The porous structure nanoparticles were specifically made by employing the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Magnesium was selected as a doped material with HBG, because it is the most existing cations in the human body which helps for bone metabolism as well as it has antibacterial property. Based on different investigations resulted nanoparticle with the inclusion of the lower molar fractions magnesium has good tested result. For a drug model vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN) was used in this study and it has also good antibacterial activity effect. These findings help the possibility of using Mg-HBG nanoparticles to treat infectious bone abnormalities by demonstrating their compatibility with antibiotics, drug loading and release behavior.

Predicting bioactive compounds and cancer-related molecular targets of lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Lotus seedpod(Receptaculum Nelumbinis)is the abundant by-products produced during lotus seed processing,and the sources are usually considered to be wastes and are abandoned outdoors or incinerated.This study aims at predicting its bioactive compounds and cancer-related molecular targets against six cancers,including lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.Methods:Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were performed.Results:Network pharmacology results indicated that 14 core compounds(liensinine,tetrandrine,lysicamine,tricin,sanleng acid,cireneol G,ricinoleic acid,linolenic acid,5,7-dihydroxycoumarin,apigenin,luteolin,morin,quercetin and isorhamnetin)and 10 core targets(AKT1,ESR1,HSP90AA1,JUN,MAPK1,MAPK3,PIK3CA,PIK3R1,SRC and STAT3)were screened for lotus seedpod against the six cancers.Molecular docking analysis suggested that the binding abilities between the core compounds and the core targets were mostly strong.GO analysis revealed that the intersected targets between the bioactive compounds of lotus seedpod and the six cancers were significantly related to biological processes,cell compositions and molecular functions.KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt,TNF,Ras,MAPK,HIF-1 and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways were notably involved in the anti-cancer activities of lotus seedpod against the six cancers.Conclusions:14 core compounds and 10 core targets were screened for lotus seedpod against lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.This study supports the application of lotus seedpod in treating cancers,and promotes the recycling and the high-value utilization.

Crystallization kinetics and temperature dependence of energy storage properties of niobate glass-ceramics

Glass-ceramic materials of strontium barium niobate system were prepared through a melt-quenching method. The effects of crystallization temperature on the mierostructure, dielectric property, breakdown strength and energy storage density of barium strontium niobate glass-ceramics were studied. The crystallization mechanism of the glass-ceramics was discussed and should be one-dimensional interfacial growth. The results indicate that the breakdown strength remarkably increases with the increase of crystallization temperature. The glass-ceramic heat treated at 900 ℃ was found to possess optimal properties with breakdown strength of 1300 kV/cm and energy storage density of 2.8 J/cm3, which is promising dielectric materials for high energy storage density dielectrics.

Distribution, Development and Utilization of Bioactive Components Resources of Russian Melilotus officinalis

To confirm the content and distribution of bioactive components in roots, stems, leaves and grains of Russian Me/i/otus officina/is ＇Sligen 1 ＂, an experiment involving bioactive components detection and field planting was conducted. Kjeldahl method and high performance gas chromatography were used to detect the protein. The automatic amino acid analyzer was used to detect amino acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and molecular distillation apparatus were used to confirm the fatty acid content. Gravimetric method was used to detect saponin and alkaloid contents. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the coumarin content. The polyphenol content was determined by forint reagent colorimetric method. Anthracene copper-sulfuric acid colorimetry was used to detect the polysaccharide, and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide col- orimetric method was used to confirm flavone. The results showed that protein and amino acid were mainly distributed in leaves and seeds. The fatty acid was mainly distributed in seeds. The saponin was mainly distributed in roots and leave. The polyphenol was mainly distributed in roots, stems and leaves. The alkaloid was mainly distributed in stems, leaves and seeds. Seeds mainly contained coumarin. M. officinalis had little polysaccharide and flavone. The total production of bioactive in- gredients was 3 016.3 kg/hm2. The output of crude protein, amino acids and fatty acids was 1 400.6, 1 246.8, 112.2, respectively. The yields of effective components saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols and coumarin were 97.0, 77.9, 41.7, 40.1 kg/hm2, respectively. After separation, extraction and purification, those components can be used as the natural ingredients to develop medicine, food, chemical and other biotechnological products.