Control Effect of Four Kinds of Agents for Anthracnose in Autumn Greenhouse Cowpea

In order to mitigate the occurrence and damage of cowpea anthracnose and reduce the chemical pesticide consumption, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis were conducted to study the control effect of biopesticide chitosan, biochemical compound Prochloraz-Chitosan and chemical pesticides difenoconazole and thifluzamide by field efficacy trials. The results showed that under serious occurrence of anthracnose in autumn greenhouse cowpea, when the 2% chJtosan AS （2 250 g/hm^2）, 46% Prochloraz-Chitosan EW （450 g/hm^2）, 10% difenoconazole WG （900 g/hm^2, CK） or 24% thifluzamide SC （360 ml/hm^2） were applied three times with an interval of 5-8 d, the control efficiency on day 7, 14 and 20 reached 83%, 78% and 73%, respectively. No significant difference was found in control efficiency among the four kinds of agents. These four kinds of agents, especially chitosan and Prochloraz-Chitosan, could be used as ideal agents for controlling anthracnose, as well as for modern agricultural demonstration zones, pollution-free agricultural products, green agricultural products and organic agricultural products,thereby meeting the develop- ment needs of ＇modern agriculture, green agriculture, organic agriculture and ecological agriculture.

Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of selected seaweeds from Okha coast,Gujarat,India

Objective:To deal with the assessment of the chemical composition of carbohydrate,protein,phenol,flavanoid,chlorophyll,and carotenoid and antifungal activity of various marine seaweeds collected from Okha coast,Gujarat during September,2013.Methods:Biochemical compounds of selected seaweeds were quantified and antifungal activity of these species belonging to red,green,and brown seaweeds was explored and the seaweeds were extracted in acetone,ethanol and chloroform.Results:The carbohydrate content was highest inCystoseira indica Mairh,protein was highest inGracilaria corticataJ.Agardh and phenol content was highest inPadina boergesenii;flavanoid content was found greater inCystoseira indica,chlorophyll content was found greater inMonostroma latissimum Wittrock and carotenoid content was more inDictyopteris acrostichoides Bornet.The highest inhibiting effect was noted forSargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh andTurbinaria ornata J.Agardh belonging to brown algae,againstAspergillus niger andPenicillium janthinellum in chloroform extracts and ethanolic extracts,which caused opportunistic infection ofHIV-infected person,lung disease,aspergillosis,and otomycosis(fungal ear infections).Conclusions:The study reveals that the seaweeds contain high amount of biochemical constituents.Besides,the crude extracts of the seaweeds showed promising activity against the tested fungal pathogens.Therefore,seaweeds collected from Okha coast,Gujarat region are biochemical compounds with potential capacity which make them useful for screening natural products for pharmaceutical industry.