Impact of salinity on treatment of saline wastewater by sequencing batch biofilm reactor process

High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

In this study, the performance of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater was evaluated. The replacement rate of wastewater was set at 12.5% throughout the experiment. The anaerobic and aerobic times were 3 h and 7 h, respectively, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic phase was about 3.95 mg·L-1. The SBBR process demonstrated good performance in treating swine wastewater. The percentage removal of total chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) was 98.2%, 95.7%, 95.6%, and 96.2% at effluent concentrations of COD85.6 mg·L-1, NH4+-N 35.22 mg·L-1, TN 44.64 mg·L-1, and TP 1.13 mg·L-1, respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomenon was observed. Further improvement in removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN occurred at COD/TN ratio of 11:1, with effluent concentrations at NH4+-N 18.5 mg·L-1and TN 34 mg·L-1, while no such improvement in COD and TP removal was found. Microbial electron microscopy analysis showed that the filler surface was covered with a thick biofilm, forming an anaerobic–aerobic microenvironment and facilitating the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters. A long-term experiment(15 weeks) showed that stable removal efficiency for N and P could be achieved in the SBBR system.

Treatment of Wastewater with Modified Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Technology

This paper describes the removal of COD and nitrogen from wastewater with modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The strategy of simultaneous feeding and draining was explored.The results show that introduction of a new batch of wastewater and withdrawal of the purified water can be conducted simultaneously with the maximum volumetric exchange rate of about 70%.Application of this feeding and draining mode leads to the reduction of the cycle time, the increase of the utilization of the reactor volume and the simplification of the reactor structure. The treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing COD and nitrogen was investigated. The operation mode of F(D) O ( i.e ., simultaneous feeding and draining followed by the aerobic condition) was adopted. It was found that COD was degraded very fast in the initial reaction period of time, then reduced slowly and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased with time respectively, while the nitrite nitrogen level increased first and then reduced. The relationship between the COD or ammonia nitrogen loading and its removal rate was examined, and the removal of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen could exceed 95%, 90% and 80% respectively. The fact that nitrogen could be removed more completely under constant aeration (aerobic condition) of the SBBR operation mode is very interesting and could be explained in several respects.

Research Development and Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

Frequent variations of the wastewater quality and quantity and other uncertain factors are the challenges faced by many wastewater treatment plants during the operation. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process provides a new idea for an effective solution to this problem. This paper introduces the basic processes and characteristics of the sequencing batch biofilm reactor（ SBBR） process,and summarizes the research status of this process in wastewater treatment. Factors affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the SBBR process are also analyzed.

Performance of Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor(SBBR) under Micro-aerobic Condition for Aniline-Contaminated Wastewater Treatment

The performance of sequencing biofilm batch reactor( SBBR) under micro-aerobic condition for aniline-contaminated wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. Dissolved oxygen( DO) and aniline concentrations were selected as the operating variables to analyze,model,and optimize the process. In order to analyze the process,5 dependent parameters,chemical oxygen demand( COD),aniline,ammonium,total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorous( TP) removal as the process responses were studied. From the results, increase in DO concentration could promote the removal of COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN,while increase in aniline concentration has a slightly negative impact on the removal of pollutants. The optimum DO concentration was found to be 0. 4-0. 5 mg /L. The removal efficiencies for COD,aniline,ammonium,and TN at the optimum point( DO concentration0. 5 mg /L,aniline concentration 11 mg /L) were 95. 84%,100%,75. 72%,and 45. 39%,respectively. The oxidative deamination was the main degradation method for aniline under micro-aerobic condition. Simultaneously nitrification-denitrification( SND)process performed under micro-aerobic condition and about 20%-40% nitrogen was removed by SND.

Effect of the C:N:P ratio on the denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)

A series of investigations were conducted using sequencing batch biofilm reactor（SBBR） to explore the influence of C：N：P ratio on biological dephosphatation including the denitrifying dephosphatation and the denitrification process.Biomass in the reactor occurred mainly in the form of a biofilm attached to completely submerged disks.Acetic acid was used as the source of organic carbon.C：N：P ratios have had a significant effect on the profiles of phosphate release and phosphate uptake and nitrogen removal.The highest rates of phosphate release and phosphate uptake were recorded at the C：N：P ratio of 140：70：7.The C：N ratio of 2.5：1 ensured complete denitrification.The highest rate of denitrification was achieved at the C：N：P ratio of 140：35：7.The increase of nitrogen load caused an increase in phosphates removal until a ratio C：N：P of 140：140：7.Bacteria of the biofilm exposed to alternate conditions of mixing and aeration exhibited enhanced intracellular accumulation of polyphosphates.Also,the structure of the biofilm encouraged anaerobic-aerobic as well as anoxic-anaerobic and absolutely anaerobic conditions in a SBBR.These heterogeneous conditions in the presence of nitrates may be a significant factor determining the promotion of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organism（DNPAO） development.

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs),which was designed independently.At the liquid temperature of(32P0.4)°C,and after a 58-days domestica-tion period and a 33-days stabilization period,the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%.Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria,and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)bacteria and nitritebacteria.This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH.During the aeration stage,the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2-1.4 mg/L.The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually.During the anoxic stage,along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen,ANAMMOX bacteria became domi-nant;then,the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.

Effect of pH on biologic degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in sequencing batch biofilm reactors

In this paper, the effect of pH on biological degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors （SBBRs） was investigated. After 10 d filming with waste activated sludge, the biological film could be formed, and the bioreactors in which laid polyolefin resin filler were used to treat algal culture. By comparing the removal efficiency of chlorophyll a at different aerobic time, the optimum time was determined as 5 h. Under pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 conditions, the removal rates of Microcystis aeruginosa were respectively 75.9%, 83.6%, and 78.3% （in term of chlorophyll a）, and that of Chemical Oxygen Demand （CODMn） were 30.6%, 35.8%, and 33.5%. While the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen （NH＋ -N） were all 100%. It was observed that the sequence of the removal efficiencies of algae, NH＋ -N and organic matter were pH 7.5 〉 pH 8.5 〉 pH 6.5. The results showed that the dominant alga-lysing bacteria in the SBBRs was strain HM-01, which was identified as Bacillus sp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLAST） analysis, and compar- ison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database. The algicidal activated substance which HM-01 strain excreted could withstand high temperature and pressure, also had better hydrophily and stronger polarity.

Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen （COD/TN） ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor （NSBBR） was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/ TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxie unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR （CSBBR） operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios （9.0, 4.8 and 2.5）. In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low CODfrN ratios （4.8 and 2.5）. Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.

侧流与主流磷回收工艺对比及调控因子分析

从污水中回收磷是缓解磷资源危机的有效途径,目前,污水处理厂常用的磷回收工艺主要为从剩余污泥中回收磷的侧流工艺,存在工艺复杂、回收效率低等问题.以生物膜为主体的主流磷回收工艺可实现磷的同步去除与富集,工艺简单且高效,因此更具发展前景.两种工艺在运行原理及模式上存在显著差异,因此对两者的调控措施不尽相同.本文分别以A^(2)O工艺和生物膜序批式反应器工艺为代表,对比了侧流和主流磷回收工艺在运行原理及模式上的异同,并以聚磷菌的代谢机理为基础,总结了温度、pH值、水力停留时间、溶解氧、碳源和蓄磷量等调控因子对两种工艺产生的影响,并阐述了其差异化机制,以期为生物膜磷回收工艺的进一步发展提供参考.

碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR深度处理焦化废水研究

采用碱激活过一硫酸盐(PMS)氧化法协同序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺深度处理焦化废水,研究当以NaOH作为激活剂时,pH、PMS浓度和温度对碱/PMS体系去除焦化废水生化出水COD和色度的影响,之后考察SBBR工艺处理碱/PMS体系出水的效果。研究结果表明,碱/PMS体系深度处理焦化废水的最佳条件为温度25℃、pH=10、PMS投加浓度7 mmol/L、反应时间4 h,在此条件下色度和COD的去除率分别为96.1%和45.9%。电子顺磁共振实验表明碱/PMS体系存在^(1)O_(2)、O_(2)•-、∙OH和SO_(4)•-等活性氧物种。废水经碱/PMS体系处理后可生化性提高,之后经SBBR工艺进一步处理后出水COD<60 mg/L。总体而言,碱激活PMS氧化法协同SBBR工艺对COD的平均去除率达66.7%。焦化废水生化出水处理前后的三维荧光光谱分析表明,碱/PMS体系协同SBBR工艺能去除焦化废水生化出水中的芳香蛋白类物质和类腐殖酸物质。

生物膜法SBR(BSBR)在循环养殖水处理中影响因素分析

膜法SBR（sequence batch reactor）是将SBR法与接触氧化法相结合的一种新型生物膜法处理工艺。此研究以总氨氮（TAN）及总氮（TN）的去除反应速度作为考察指标，分析生物膜法SBR（biofilm sequence batch reactor，BSBR）处理水产循环养殖系统水体中影响TAN及TN去除效果的主要因素。其中，pH和碱度对硝化反应有很大的影响，pH控制在6．3以上时TAN处理效果较好。溶解氧（DO）对反硝化反应也有较大的影响，同时考虑到水生生物的生长需求，在此试验系统中进入反应器的水体DO最好能控制在4．5～6．5mg·L^-1。水温保持在20％左右，可以保证有一个较好的脱氮效果。

厌氧-好氧-缺氧SBBR工艺对垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮处理的试验

传统的垃圾渗滤液生化处理工艺以厌氧-好氧(AO)为主,存在总氮(TN)去除率较低的问题。为提高垃圾渗滤液的TN去除率和去除速率,本研究采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)工艺处理COD_(Cr)质量浓度为7760 mg/L、TN质量浓度为1200 mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。该SBBR的运行模式为厌氧-好氧-缺氧运行,在不增加外加碳源的情况下,经过85 d的启动和驯化,出水TN质量浓度低于20 mg/L,TN的去除效率>97%。与序批式反应器(SBR)相比,投加填料提高了同步硝化反硝化(SND)的去除效率,周期从19.5 h缩短到13.75 h。高通量分析表明,SBBR的优势类群为变形菌门(26.43%),而SBR的优势类群为绿弯菌门(28.53%),不同的优势菌群可能是SBBR相比SBR脱氮效率更高的原因之一。

持续负荷冲击下AnSBBR运行性能及群落结构响应

以厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(AnSBBR)处理葡萄酒生产废水,考察反应器在持续负荷冲击下的运行特性及群落结构响应.结果显示,持续负荷冲击的前13d(29~41d),反应器运行稳定;因逐渐增加的氢分压和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs),到56d时系统稳定性降低(VFA/TA=0.72),乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA)降低46.2%,但氢利用速率(HUR)增加69.2%,辅酶F420浓度增加11.9%.在42d时仅外层的Slime-EPS浓度明显增加(34.1%);在56d时TB-EPS和LB-EPS浓度增加61.3%和62.8%,其PN/PS比值增加197.8%和126.0%,负荷冲击诱导EPS分泌大量的应急性蛋白类产物,其电活性物质提高了系统的电子传递活性(35.5%).Illumina MiSeq显示,负荷冲击下Desulfovibrio、Ruminococcus和Geobacter等产酸菌丰度降低,而Methanobacterium丰度由32.2%增至50.9%.生物膜系统通过逐级EPS分泌和强化还原CO_(2)产甲烷来响应持续负荷冲击的影响.

海水养殖废水序批式生物膜反应器构建及其脱氮性能与微生物群落结构解析

【目的】评估不同盐度条件下序批式反应器(SBR)和序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)的氨氮去除效果及其表面生物膜特性,探究高盐条件下能实现高效去除氨氮的微生物菌群结构,为海水养殖过程中微生物高效硝化技术的开发与应用提供参考依据。【方法】SBR和SBBR接种相同的活性污泥后,模拟海水养殖废水处理,并在未加盐的条件下首次启动,保持15 d的稳定运行后将反应器内的盐度逐渐增加到1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%,然后通过扫描电子显微镜—能谱分析、N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺光度法、纳氏试剂光度法和宏基因组测序分析对每个盐度阶段不同反应器的硝化性能、微生物群落结构及代谢基因丰度变化进行评价。【结果】SBR硝化性能受盐度的影响较明显,在高盐(3.0%和4.0%)条件下的氨氮去除率仅为43.18%和37.97%;盐度变化对SBBR的硝化功能无明显影响,在4.0%的高盐条件下仍能实现高效硝化(氨氮去除率在98.00%以上)。相对于SBR,SBBR中微生物群落的物种丰度及多样性更高、群落结构相对更稳定,尤其是冰冷杆菌属(Gelidibacter)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)的相对丰度不受盐度变化的影响;副球菌属(Paracoccus)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)及假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等反硝化细菌在SBBR中也具有较高的相对丰度。相对于SBR,反硝化关键基因norB和nosZ在SBBR中的丰度更高,且具有更强的协同效应。【结论】以海绵生物膜填料为载体的SBBR能在高盐条件下实现短期启动硝化脱氮及维持微生物群落结构稳定性,促使SBBR存在多种脱氮途径,同时表现出更强的脱氮基因协同效果。SBBR的脱氮效果较传统活性污泥法有明显提升,为高盐条件下海水养殖废水脱氮处理提供了有效的解决方案。

Anaerobic-aerobic processes for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes:Effect of number of stages and bioreactor type

In this study,the effect of number of stages and bioreactor type on the removal performance of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic process employing activated sludge for the treatment of a simulated textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes was considered.Two stage processes performed better than one stage ones,both in terms of overall organic and color removal,as well as the higher contribution of anaerobic stage to the overall removal performance,thereby making them a more energy efficient option.The employment of a moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor,which uses both suspended and attached biomass,for the implementation of the anaerobic stage of the process,was compared with a sequencing batch reactor that only employs suspended biomass.The results showed that,although there was no meaningful difference in biomass concentration between the two bioreactors,the latter reactor had better performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency and rate and color removal rate.Further exploratory tests revealed a difference between the roles of suspended and attached bacterial populations,with the former yielding better color removal whilst the latter had better COD removal performance.The sequential anaerobic–aerobic process,employing an aerobic membrane bioreactor in the aerobic stage resulted in COD and color removal of 77.1±7.9%and 79.9±1.5%,respectively.The incomplete COD and color removal was attributed to the presence of soluble microbial products in the effluent and the autoxidation of dye reduction metabolites,respectively.Also,aerobic partial mineralization of the dye reduction metabolites,was experimentally observed.

聚乙烯填料序批式移动床生物膜反应器工艺处理低温市政污水效能研究

针对北方地区冬季低温脱氮效率低的问题,采用序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)对低温市政污水进行处理,并对不同规格的聚乙烯填料进行比较分析。结果表明,在水温9~12℃、pH 7~8、水力停留时间(HRT)48 h的条件下,SBMBBR在64 d启动成功,白色、黑色两种聚乙烯填料在运行7 d后有显著的生物膜,运行31 d后投加白色聚乙烯填料的反应器中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷(TP)的去除率分别为83.6%、74.4%、60.8%,所以白色聚乙烯为最佳填料。优化参数后,确定反应器最佳缺氧时间为3 h,好氧时间为7 h;好氧段溶解氧(DO)保持在>6.0~7.5 mg/L,无填料反应器中HRT为82 h时最佳,而投加黑色聚乙烯填料的反应器和投加白色聚乙烯填料的反应器中HRT为42 h时最佳。

高回流比对序批式生物膜反应器脱氮性能的影响

硝化液回流是污水生物脱氮工艺实现前置反硝化脱氮的重要手段,通常回流比为200%~400%。本文研究了高回流比对序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)脱氮性能的影响,结果表明,在回流比为300%、1000%、3000%三种条件下回流比为3000%的总氮去除率最高,稳定运行期间TIN平均去除率为98.69%±0.81%,同时也使NH_(4)^(+)-N得以完全氧化。推测在高回流比引起的强对流环境下,生物膜内传质效率得以加强,从而提高了同步硝化反硝化(SND)效果。本研究结果对集成分散式污水处理装置的研发及改善市政污水处理生物脱氮效率具有重要意义。

玻璃轻石序批式生物膜反应器构建参数优化及水产养殖污水脱氮性能研究

【目的】探明玻璃轻石构建序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)在水产养殖污水中的脱氮性能,为生物膜法处理水产养殖污水工艺中高效、低廉的载体材料选择提供模型及数据参考。【方法】以玻璃轻石为载体构建SBBR模型,利用水产养殖池底泥进行挂膜,并进行玻璃轻石不同孔径(3~8、2~3、1~2和0.1~1.0 mm)、粒径(10~20、20~30和30~50mm)和填充率(20%、30%和40%)脱氮性能优化试验,以获得最佳脱氮性能SBBR参数;以沸石、火山石、活性炭和SiO2颗粒为对照,对比各载体材料生物膜中的挥发性悬浮物(VSS)和细胞外聚合物(EPS)含量,比较不同载体材料对疏水性蛋白的吸附能力。【结果】玻璃轻石以孔径1~2 mm、粒径10~20 mm、填充率20%构建SBBR的除氮性能最优,第30 d时氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮的去除率分别可达(90.61±0.30)%、(99.45±0.08)%和(94.04±0.14)%,玻璃轻石上的VSS含量为3.87±0.11 g/L,EPS含量为80.99±0.05 mg/g-VSS,显著高于其他载体材料处理(P<0.05,下同),同时EPS中具有更高的蛋白/多糖(PN/PS)比值,有利于生物膜的形成;除氮细菌吸附试验结果,玻璃轻石可吸附(58.08±0.15)%的牛血清白蛋白(BSA),显著高于沸石(41.72±0.40)%、火山石(25.34±0.53)%、活性炭(20.68±0.13)%和SiO2颗粒(15.56±0.38)%。【结论】以玻璃轻石构建的SBBR应用于水产养殖污水处理具有良好的脱氮性能,且具有较好的除氮细菌吸附能力,是良好的生物膜技术修复水产养殖污水的载体材料。

ASBR联合SBBR工艺同步硝化反硝化处理垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮效能

为了提高垃圾渗滤液生化处理的TN去除率,采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)串联序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理化学需氧量(COD)为(5700±500)mg/L、TN浓度为(210±50)mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。结果表明:ASBR的出水进入SBBR反应器进行深度脱氮,主要作用是调节后续SBBR进水的碳氮比(C/N),ASBR对渗滤液COD的去除率为90%。C/N是决定SBBR脱氮效率的关键,进水C/N调至4.8,在生物膜的作用下,SBBR仅通过厌氧搅拌和好氧阶段的同步硝化反硝化(SND)便可以实现对垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮,出水TN浓度低于10 mg/L,周期运行时长也由第54天的24 h缩短至5.6 h。整个串联系统经过103 d的驯化和启动可以达到最佳的处理效果,出水COD、氨氮(NH4+-N)、TN浓度分别为(380±10)、(1.0±0.5)、(5±5)mg/L,去除率分别达到93%、99%和95%。通过高通量测序分析可知,系统中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度较高,分别为55.11%、21.32%。系统中具有反硝化作用的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度占比为2.81%,这可能是SBBR取得优秀脱氮效果的关键。在属水平下,系统中具有反硝化功能的菌种主要为Thauera和Limnobacter,在系统中占比分别为15.22%和2.84%,它们的存在可能是系统SND效果好的主要原因之一。