Effect of Sweet Corn Straw Returning to the Field on Soil Fertility, Yield and Benefit

It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.

Effects of Method for Returning Straw to Field on Soil Properties,Straw Decomposition and Nutrient Release

[Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the experimental base,the effects of returning double-crop wheat and corn straw to field(Twm),returning single-crop corn straw to field(Tm),returning single-crop wheat straw to field(Tw)on soil temperature,water content,straw decomposition rate and nutrient release,soil organic matter and bulk density were studied systematically.[Results]Twm treatment could effectively alleviate the effects of meteorological conditions on soil temperature and water content.The decomposition rate of straw treated with Twm was 4.7%higher than that of Tm treatment,3.8%higher than that of Tw treatment,10.5%higher than that of Tm treatment,and the decomposition rate of straw showed a trend of"first fast,then slow and then fast".The release of nitrogen from straw was basically similar to that of straw decay,and the release of potassium and phosphorus increased at first and then remained basically unchanged.The release rate of potassium was the highest,followed by phosphorus and nitrogen.The content of soil organic matter in Twm treatment increased by 11.67%annually,an annual average of 0.998 g/kg.The soil bulk density of Twm treatment decreased by 0.058 g/cm^(3) annually,an annual average of 4.29%.The fundamental reason is that Twm treatment provides conditions(temperature,water content,nutrition)for microbial growth,reproduction,enzyme production and biochemical reaction,and increases the exchange capacity of soil and external water,heat,gas and fertilizer.[Conclusions]It is expected is to help people change their understanding of returning straw to field from"quick harvest"to"fertilizer transformation".

Study on Characteristics of Underground Horizontal Electric Field Caused by Lightning Return Stroke Based on FDTD Method

Based on the MTLL lightning return stroke model,a two-dimensional cylindrical finite-difference time-domain( FDTD) model for underground horizontal electric field was established,and the effects of distance from lightning channel,depth,soil electrical conductivity and its distribution,and return stroke current on the characteristics of underground horizontal electric field were analyzed. The results showed that as long as the electrical conductivity of soil existed,the peak of underground horizontal electric field decreased with the increase in the horizontal distance from lightning channel. When the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was much smaller than that of the lower soil,the peak of corresponding horizontal electric field was larger than the electric field peak as the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was larger than that of the lower soil. When the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was less than that of the lower soil,the growth and decay of the horizontal electric field were faster than the growth and decay as the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was larger than that of the lower soil.

Effects of Amount of Green Manure Returned to Field on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that significant positive correlation existed between tobacco leaf yield and small or moderate amount of green manure returned to field. Path analysis showed that moderate amount of green manure returned to field affected yield and quality of tobacco leaves, small green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf yield, while large amount of green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf quality. Therefore, the effect of moderate amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of tobacco leaves was best, and moderate amount of green manure returned to field was recommended in production of flue-cured tobacco.

Effects of Long-term Return of Milk Vetch(Astragalus sinicus)on Soil Nutrients and Microorganism Communities in Double-rice Cropping Field

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)on soil nutrients and microorganisms in paddy fields after returning to the field.[Methods]Three treatments,no fertilization,single application of chemical fertilizers and milk vetch return combined with chemical fertilizers,were set up to determine soil nutrient contents and the quantity of microorganisms,respectively.[Results]The return of milk vetch combined with chemical fertilizers could significantly increase the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in the paddy soil,while the contents of available potassium and available phosphorus decreased.Milk vetch return combined with chemical fertilizers could significantly increase the quantity of soil microorganisms in the paddy field.[Conclusions]The return of milk vetch can be used as a feasible measure to improve soil fertility.

火箭触发闪电的回击电流及电场特征分析

2019年夏季在广州开展了火箭引雷试验,成功地触发了14次闪电,总回击(RS)数达74次,平均回击数为5.3次,单次闪电的最大回击数为14次。该文对火箭引雷的回击电流及不同距离电场波形特征进行了分析。回击的间隔时间、峰值电流、10%~90%上升时间、半峰值宽度、1 ms转移电荷和1 ms作用积分的几何平均值分别为38.45 ms、12.38 kA、0.25μs、8.31μs、0.68C和2.12×10^(3)A^(2)·s,回击电流的转移电荷量和作用积分量均与回击峰值电流呈幂函数相关性。回击的先导电场强度峰值和回击电场强度峰值会随距离的增大而减小,而电场的10%~90%上升时间和半峰值宽度会随距离的增大而增大。回击电场强度峰值会随距离的增大而呈现出幂函数减小,且峰值电流与不同距离的先导电场强度峰值和回击电场峰值均呈现一定线性相关,距离越大,其线性拟合关系越好。

小龙虾扰动下水稻秸秆腐解及养分释放和表面结构变化特征

为探究持续泡水条件下小龙虾参与水稻秸秆腐解过程与特征,完善稻虾模式水稻秸秆还田技术、实现秸秆资源的高效利用及农田可持续发展,采用自制尼龙网箱法,在稻虾环沟模式的养殖沟内,以不养虾为对照,模拟研究小龙虾扰动下水稻秸秆的腐解特性、养分释放特征及其表面微观结构变化特点。结果显示,无论是否有小龙虾参与,水稻秸秆各时段平均腐解率表现出快—慢—快—慢—快的特点;150d及以前,有虾处理与无虾处理各时段腐解量、累计腐解率和各时段平均腐解率差异均不显著,180d及以后各指标均表现为有虾处理显著高于无虾处理,至210d时,有虾处理水稻秸秆累计腐解率达85.67%,比无虾处理高出12.35百分点。秸秆养分累积释放率均表现为K>P>N;150 d及以后,有虾处理N累积释放率表现出高于无虾处理的趋势,180 d及以上,有虾处理P累积释放率和总养分累积释放率表现出高于无虾处理的趋势,至210 d,有虾处理K累积释放率表现出高于无虾处理的趋势。120d及以后,有虾处理的秸秆表面结构受破坏程度明显大于无虾处理。结果表明,稻虾环沟模式下,小龙虾扰动能增加中后期水稻秸秆表面微观结构的受破坏程度,促进后期水稻秸秆腐解和养分释放。

秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响

为明确秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响,设置秸秆覆盖还田(FG)、秸秆翻埋还田(FM)和秸秆不还田翻耕(FD)3个处理,测定土壤含水量、水分特征曲线、容重、硬度、土壤三相比及结构稳定性等参数。结果表明:(1)秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高春季耕层(0~30 cm)土壤含水量,较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增幅为11.17%~150.84%;不同处理耕层土壤在水吸力中吸力段土壤含水量变化曲线平滑,秸秆覆盖还田处理具有较高的土壤持水性。(2)秸秆还田能显著提高土壤水分有效性,与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比,秸秆覆盖还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤田间持水量提高4.85%~11.03%,土壤凋萎系数提高10.85%~18.00%;秸秆翻埋还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤重力水增加9.65%~80.73%。秸秆翻埋还田提升了土壤供水能力,土壤比水容量较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增加4.8%~10.0%。(3)与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比,秸秆还田降低了收获后土壤紧实度,降低幅度为0.18~0.31 MPa;秸秆覆盖还田增加表层土壤容重,降低土壤孔隙度,促进三相结构趋于合理,显著增加土壤结构稳定性。(4)皮尔森相关分析表明,三相比R值与结构距离(r=0.73*)、土壤容重(r=0.70*)相关性显著,在一定范围内三相比R值的增加有利于改善并促进土壤结构稳定。综上可知,东北黑土农田实施秸秆还田是提高春季土壤含水量、增强土壤持水性、提升土壤供水能力、调节土壤紧实性、调控土壤三相比、改善土壤结构和提高土壤宜耕性的有效措施。

南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机作业效果研究

为考察自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机大田作业效果,以原谷珍香为供试品种进行大田试验,并设置现有的常规秸秆还田机作业进行对照,通过对早稻不同高度的留茬秸秆进行还田作业,考察了该机具的耕作效果,并研究了对后茬晚稻机插质量、群体质量构建及产量和产量构成等指标的影响。结果显示,较对照,同一留茬高度时,经自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机处理的效果显著,其耕深、耕深稳定性、埋茬深度、耕后地面平整度和植被覆盖率分别平均提升5.18%、4.64%、20.85%、21.61%和4.43%,漏插率、漂秧率、伤秧率和翻倒率分别平均降低28.79%、23.17%、29.84%和45.02%,均匀度合格率和插秧深度合格率分别平均提高1.40%和1.65%,茎蘖数平均提高2.52%~6.62%,SPAD值(移栽后27d始)平均提高3.59%~6.53%,地上部干物质重(插秧后34 d始)平均提高1.78%~4.81%,穗干重和收获指数分别平均提高3.39%和2.16%,有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重、结实率和理论产量分别平均提高2.52%、1.34%、0.08%、1.41%和5.47%,实际产量平均增产268.86 kg·hm^(-2),平均增产率4.09%。该机具对秸秆的留茬高度适应性强,作业效果好,适宜在南方双季稻区水田进行推广应用。

玉米秸秆堆腐还田对黑土区土壤性状的影响

本研究针对东北地区秋冬季节气候寒冷特点和秸秆堆腐还田的实际操作需求,开展秸秆堆腐还田试验。在秋季玉米收获之后进行田间堆腐试验,期间连续监测环境温度、降水、秸秆堆温度、秸秆失重率等指标。离田玉米秸秆经过腐熟后作为肥料还田,连续施用3年,检测土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、土壤孔隙度、土壤容重等指标。在基本农田和棚室保护地进行为期2年的应用试验。结果表明:120 d秸秆失重率达到31.53%。施用腐熟秸秆3年,土壤有机质提高了4.06~6.31 g/kg、土壤中碱解氮提高了15.08~27.35 mg/kg、速效磷提高了18.11~21.95 mg/kg、速效钾提高63.97~89.93 mg/kg;土壤容重降低了0.10~0.14 g/cm^(3)、土壤田间持水量提高了7.51%~9.24%(V/V)、土壤孔隙度提高了3.69%~5.27%(V/V),且差异显著(P≤0.05)。基本农田和棚室保护地应用试验中,速效养分与有机质有所增长,土壤容重与田间持水量变化显著。逐年施用腐熟秸秆对于提高土壤有机质含量、速效养分具有显著作用。同时,施用腐熟秸秆能够降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度与田间持水量,改善土壤板结问题。腐熟秸秆在改良与保育黑土性质方面具有良好的作用。

1LF-5型液压翻转犁的设计与试验

为推动玉米秸秆还田保护性耕作农艺的发展,设计了一种集土壤耕作技术、玉米秸秆还田技术于一体的1LF-5型液压翻转犁,一次作业既翻转了土层、松碎了土壤,又可将土壤表层的玉米秸秆与作物残茬翻入土层下,形成隔层进行还田;同时,犁体受到突发外力冲击时,安全装置自动生效,使犁柱绕固定轴栓旋转,从而保护犁体与犁柱的安全。田间试验表明:1LF-5型液压翻转犁的平均耕作深度稳定为33.45cm,平整度为20mm,变异系数在3.166%~3.535%之间;在第1工况下,翻转犁的耕宽平均值为220.75cm,耕宽的变异系数范围为1.21%~1.71%;在第2工况下,翻转犁的耕宽平均值170.1cm,耕作宽度的变异系数范围为1.26%~1.68%;植被覆盖率平均值为89.97%,土垡破碎率为72.27%。机具满足国家标准GB/T14225对于耕作质量的各项要求,也满足翻耕农艺要求。

半干旱地区秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分及产量的影响

为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响,以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,对CK(常规种植)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FG(秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理下土壤颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量进行分析。结果表明:不同处理各土层均是黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量最高。FM处理4个土层砂粒(>0.250μm)和黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量平均值分别提高了21.78%和20.51%,FG处理分别提高了25.87%和13.52%。FM处理在各土层水溶性有机碳含量最高,在0~10和>10~20 cm土层中顺序为FM>FG>CK,其中FM处理分别较CK增加22.73%和38.25%,FG处理分别较CK提高2.48%和26.32%。在>20~30和>30~40 cm土层中,土壤水溶性有机碳含量依次为FM>CK>FG,其中FG降低幅度分别为14.55%和9.41%,而FM处理增加幅度分别为10.68%和17.85%。不同处理之间穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不明显。穗粒数顺序为FM>FG>CK,籽粒含水量顺序为FG>CK>FM;产量顺序为FM>FG>CK,FM和FG处理分别较CK增产5.20%和3.20%。

不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦不同穗粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

为探讨安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆连续全量还田对冬小麦穗部结实特性的影响,2021-2022年基于农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站13年的长期定位试验,比较分析了小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田(T1)、小麦玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田(T2)、玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田(T3)、小麦玉米秸秆全年不还田(CK)4个不同还田模式下小麦不同小穗位结实粒数及粒重的差异。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理的主茎穗小穗结实总粒数较CK分别提高了21.21%、7.50%和12.55%;第2粒位(G2)结实粒数分别提高了7.71%、7.71%和5.79%;上部小穗结实粒数分别提高了51.41%、22.79%和31.36%,其G2结实粒数分别提高了30.95%、30.95%和23.09%,其中T1处理对小麦粒数的提升效果最好。不同季秸秆还田处理下小麦主茎穗及其G2粒重、分蘖穗及其第三粒位(G3)粒重均高于CK,T1、T2和T3处理的主茎穗粒重增幅分别为16.06%、4.14%和16.06%,分蘖穗增幅分别为9.86%、0.71%和8.87%;T1、T2和T3处理下主茎穗G2粒重增幅分别为20.69%、10.34%和17.24%,分蘖穗G3粒重4.55%、2.27%和6.82%,其中T1处理对粒重提升效果最好,其次是T3。综合来看,在安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆还田能够提高小麦穗粒数和粒重,进而促进产量提升,其中T1处理对小麦结实粒数和粒重的提升效果最好,是适宜在该地区推广的秸秆还田模式。

场域理论视角下返乡精英帮扶乡村产业振兴的实践逻辑 ——以北京市延庆区K村为例

产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重,也是解决“三农”问题的前提。返乡精英能够有效对接外部市场并承接政府资源,在乡村产业振兴实践中处于特殊的地位。基于布尔迪厄的场域理论,从场域、资本和惯习的视角切入,以北京市延庆区K村为例,阐释返乡精英在乡村产业振兴过程中所发挥的精英帮扶作用,并剖析其形成机制、实践逻辑与影响模式。研究发现,在乡村振兴场域中,返乡精英利用政治势能、资本支持,通过对乡村内生惯习的激活,加强了基层治理水平,发挥了政群纽带、合作桥梁的作用,最终实现了对当地乡村产业振兴的推动。因此,实现乡村产业振兴,应重视返乡精英的正向影响,积极引导返乡精英将资源优势转化为治理效能,构建起返乡精英帮扶乡村产业的良性机制。

农作物秸秆资源化利用问题及发展策略研究

分析了我国现阶段农作物资源化利用存在的附加值低、农户积极性不高、筹资难、农业机械化发展不均衡、人才缺乏等问题,研究适合我国农作物秸秆资源化利用的发展策略及措施,以推动我国农作物秸秆资源化利用。

天水市旱作区春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究

为解决区域内春玉米—冬油菜一膜两用技术中秸秆利用不合理、土壤有机质含量低、有机肥投入不足、化肥施用不合理、土壤水分利用不足、肥料利用率较低等一系列问题,在天水市旱作区开展了春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究,以期为区域内化肥减施、地力提升和农业可持续发展提供依据。结果表明,秸秆粉碎带膜翻压还田可以提高玉米籽粒产量7.96%、冬油菜籽粒产量9.91%,增加0~20 cm土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷含量(分别增加2.53 g/kg、0.08 g/kg、10.93 mg/kg),缓冲土壤pH值,影响土壤速效钾、硝态氮和铵态氮水平。

深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响

为促进黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤固碳和玉米增产,以黑龙江省农业科学院耕作与秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,以CK(常规种植)、NFG(秸秆覆盖还田)、SFG(深松+秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理对土壤有机碳、不同粒径有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响进行分析,研究深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,(1)本试验中,在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量顺序均为SFG>NFG>CK。(2)<0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量明显高于>0.250 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级,在0~10 cm土层,SFG、NFG处理土层>0.250 mm、<0.053 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量均比对照CK提高10%以上。(3)在10~20 cm土层,SFG处理>0.250 mm粒级和NFG处理0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量增加较为明显。(4)不同处理之间玉米穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不显著,穗粒数和产量差异达到显著水平,其中SFG和NFG处理分别较CK产量提高了28.57%和15.10%。产量与土壤有机碳含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与团聚体有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系。

多元化种植模式下秸秆还田配合水氮管理对水稻产量形成与氮素吸收利用的影响

研究多元化种植模式下,不同前茬秸秆还田与水氮管理对水稻产量形成、干物质积累分配及氮素吸收利用的影响。2018—2019年以杂交稻F优498为材料,采用三因素裂裂区设计,主区设置油菜-水稻(Py)、小麦-水稻(Px)、青菜-水稻(Pq)3种种植模式秸秆还田,裂区设置常规淹水灌溉(W_(0))和干湿交替灌溉(W_(1))2种水分管理方式,裂裂区设置不施氮处理(N_(0))、常规施氮处理(N_(1))、精量减氮处理(N_(2))3个施氮水平,分析测定了拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期不同处理下秸秆还田的腐解率、氮素释放率、水稻各器官的干物质积累分配、植株氮素吸收利用以及籽粒产量。结果表明,Py的平均产量分别较Px、Pq增加2.55%、13.99%,主要原因是其有效穗数和千粒重较高;Py可促进各营养器官干物质和氮素积累,有利于干物质分配、提高茎鞘氮素贡献率和氮肥利用率,Py各时期的平均干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量分别比Px和Pq增加5.25%、7.48%和14.60%、17.30%,Py的氮肥偏生产力较Pq显著增加24.90%,但Py的秸秆腐解率和氮素释放率较低。3种模式下W1处理的水稻产量分别比W0处理增加5.10%(Py)、1.76%(Px)和4.80%(Pq),W1处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,促进干物质积累和氮素吸收转运,有利于Py和Px模式下的干物质分配,进而提高氮肥利用率。同一秸秆还田和水分管理下,N2处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,有利于干物质分配和氮素转运,提高了齐穗期、成熟期茎鞘和叶片氮素积累量,进而提高氮肥利用率,N2处理的产量、干物质积累量较N1处理略有下降,但二者差异不显著。综合考虑分析,油-稻种植模式下,油菜秸秆还田配合干湿交替灌溉与精量减氮(120 kg hm^(-2))有利于干物质积累分配、氮素吸收转运,进而提高氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力,并可节约20%氮肥投入,实现水稻稳产高效生产。

一种基于直流式风洞的火星尘暴模拟装置

为了研究火星表面尘暴环境对探测器及人类活动的影响,研制了一种基于低密度直流式风洞的火星尘暴环境模拟装置:采用超声速引射器作为风洞动力源,结合具备多工况动态调节能力的大抽气量真空系统,实现了引射气量精准调控,可模拟100~1500 Pa低气压下的5~100 m/s大跨度风速;针对低气压下沙尘浓度难以精确控制的问题,采用振动式喂料、逆向螺旋式喷嘴设计以及大周期滞后串级调节方式,实现了0.1~1 g/m^(3)的沙尘浓度精确控制。该装置可用于研究火星尘暴环境对材料和机构的影响,同时还可用于火星气动力研究。

节水灌溉下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响

为探寻不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响,于2023年进行大田试验,设置常规灌溉(F)与控制灌溉(C)两种灌溉模式,同时设置秸秆还田(S)、秸秆炭化为生物炭还田(B)、秸秆过牛腹为有机肥还田(O)3种还田形式,以及秸秆不还田(N)作为对照组,共计8个处理。分析不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对稻田N_(2)O排放通量与水稻产量的影响,测定了水稻各生育期稻田土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量、pH值,并分析了N_(2)O排放总量和水稻产量与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:除返青期外,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量均表现为增加。相同秸秆还田形式下,控制灌溉模式下各处理生育期内土壤平均铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量较常规灌溉模式高36.23%~60.82%、14.16%~19.61%。同时,秸秆还田与生物炭还田能提高稻田土壤pH值。相同灌溉模式下,与秸秆不还田处理相比较,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理N_(2)O排放总量分别增加14.44%~24.09%、8.22%~14.44%,生物炭还田处理N_(2)O排放总量降低14.31%~23.90%。生物炭还田与有机肥还田各处理水稻产量提高3.28%~13.07%,其中控制灌溉模式下生物炭还田处理产量最高。综上所述,控制灌溉下生物炭还田可以实现节水、增产、减排的目的。