Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Based on Landscape Ecology Theory:A Case Study of Waterfront Landscape Planning and Design of Dapo Town

With the rapid development of urbanization,landscape architecture has become an indispensable component of daily life.In order to achieve better landscape effects and protect the ecological environment,landscape ecology theory can be integrated into landscape planning to carry out disciplinary crossing and integration research between landscape ecology and landscape architecture.In this study,based on the basic theories of landscape ecology,the waterfront landscape of Dapo Town was designed,with the aim to achieve ecological balance in planning,showcase biodiversity,and create a harmonious landscape ecological environment which can benefit both nature and people.This design combined artificial and natural elements while improving the natural environment,which promoted a harmonious relationship between humans and nature,thus enriching the spatial organization of the city,and playing a role in regulating the urban environment and climate.

Forcing biological sciences into architectural design: On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and biological sciences.If biomimetics is defined as a science,once it is applied to architecture,biomimetic architecture should logically be defined as a science too.This assertion collides with the nature of architectural design,which may rather be defined as a technology:its aim is to transform the world,not to explain it.On the one hand,there is no obvious relationship between architecture and life sciences.On the other hand,the biomimetic approach tends to redefine the concept of science itself by seeking to avoid the excesses of scientism.Moreover,existing applications of biomimetic design show that it is difficult to observe a genuine biomimetic architecture;most cases are closer to engineering component or urban planning and sometimes they involve little or no life sciences.The aim of this paper is to describe this conceptual confusion through two movements called“forcings”,occurring between design and science.These forcings are conceptualised as shifts between constructed scientific objects and given empirical objects.Models,used in biology as in architecture,allow these shifts by virtue of their double function.They are both tools for knowledge and for design,thus they may be conceptually forced into what they are not supposed to be,particularly in the field of biomimetic architecture where design process and scientific knowledge are said to meet.

Application of Fractal Theory in Landscape Design

Research and application of fractal theory in landscape design has greatly enriched the concepts and techniques of garden creation,and pushed forward landscape design closer to the natural world.By elaborating internal connection between fractal theory and landscape design,this paper uses iterative function system of the fractal theory and matlab to draw fractal trees.Two designed experiments demonstrate that the fractal theory can be employed to realize the vivid drawing of natural landscapes with the support of limited data.Therefore,fractal theory is a practical tool used to draw vivid natural landscapes efficiently.

TOWARDS A FOURTH ECOLOGY: Social and Environmental Sustainability with Architecture and Urban Design

The architect has always been interested in the social and cultural dimensions while creating architecture for people to last,with the help of building science and technology.Science could solve some problems,but is yet to solve many of the problems of urbanization in human history.Perhaps many of the problems can only be solved with careful understanding of human behavior,social intercourse,and economics in relation to the urban environments and organizations,and the natural environment simultaneously.There seemed to be a divide between the way an engineer and an architect think and practice in making a building and a piece of architecture,where the former is highly mathematical,and the latter deals with cultural poetics and a whole range of social and technical issues of which the physics of the environment is but one dimension(Bay and Ong 2006).It may appear natural in this age of environmental crisis and rapid urban development in many cities that the current Ecologically Sustainable Design(ESD)system,which is mainly based on science of the physical world,would be readily accepted by the architect in practice and education.Many of the current ESD guidelines can contribute to the avoidance of a further decay of the earth,thus preventing droughts and floods,etc.,and hope to maintain the status quo of the environment for all the“business as usual”social-economic activities.With more world leaders of the developed world agreeing in principle on the need to address climate change,perhaps a lot more will be done based on the engineering models for ecologically friendly planning,commerce,industry,and design.There could be a cognitive bias3 of overconfidence and systemic error that the predominantly engineering focus to keep climate change at bay will solve the problem of sustainability in various parts of the world.The current limited concept of“ecological”or the“green”design does contribute to sustainability,but is quite limited and not the whole picture of sustainability.The concept of sustainability involves the dynamic and complex balance of environmental(man-made and natural),economic and social dimensions,from many earlier sources including the theory of the Third Ecology(Chermayeff and Tzonis 1971)about social ecology directly related to the man-made urban fabric,and recently,the much accepted pervasive framework of the Brundtland Commission Report 1987:Our Common Future,which included more discussions about the interrelatedness with economic equity and the natural environment.Foremost and ultimately it is about promoting and ensuring social quality of living now and sustaining that into the future,for all nations,the rich and the poor,through solving the matrix of social,economic,and environmental problems.From the perspective of the theory and practice of architecture,this paper discusses the following issues:1.Belief in science,disenchantment,symbol of failure of modern architecture-Pruitt Igoe;2.An anti-thesis to Pruitt Igoe-Bedok Court;3.The cultural concerns and preparametric design thinking process of the architect;4.Architecture,social science,cultural value,social capital,behavior,and ESD;5.A Fourth Ecology,multi-disciplinary research by architects,social scientists,and engineers.

Giorgio Vasari and Mannerist Architecture： A Marriage of Beauty and Function in Urban Spaces

The first part of this essay deals with Giorgio Vasari＇s conception of architecture in sixteenth-century Italy, and the second part examines Vasari＇s practical application of one of his constructions, the loggia （open gallery or arcade） or corridoio （corridor）. The essay also discusses the merits of Vasari＇s open gallery （loggia） as a vernacular architectural construct with egalitarian functions and Vasari＇s principles of architecture （design, rule, order, and proportion） and beauty （delight and necessity） for the formulation of the theory of art in Mannerism, a sixteenth-century style of art.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HOSPITAL ARCHITECTURE

This paper deals with the significance and conception of clean air,somerecords in the past,design norm and standard,principles of architectural design andkey problem of cleaning form today in China.In addition,some problems which willresearch for the bioclean room of hospital are also discussed.

Reviewing Design References with Diagrams： A Metropolitan Performance Assessment Perspective

The announcement of major sporting events scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro in the coming years is now producing several radical urban transformations that are attracting the attention of renowned architects of the international circuit. All this is happening in a city where relevant architectural references have not been produced for a long while because of the prolonged economic crisis of the past. Despite these conditions, people were able to detect “invisible” design lessons to be learned in this city by sharing perceptual experiences with foreign observers who are, by definition, unaware of their preconceptions. This paper deals with the development of a strategy for re-presenting design references that are locally rooted and accessible for direct embodied experience. The strategy put forward a MPI （metropolitan performance index） drawn out from a bibliographical survey coupled with analytical spatial diagrams of different case-studies presented as a tour guide for the recognition of the architecture produced in Rio de Janeiro. It is believed that this strategy can favor the adoption of an eye attuned to contemporary theories especially interested in the spatial and programmatic concerns that today instigate the designer.

Relieving a Tropical Vernacular Habitat Typology as a Source for Contemporary Social Housing Designs

This work presents an analysis for the rural vernacular dwelling （Culata Yovai）, sited in the South America Guarani region, basin of Paraguay and Paraná rivers. Outdoor climate has conducted man to build along the time a habitat climatic responsive. Nowadays, studies in progress try to show how this vernacular typology can support new low-income house designs. The intent is to guarantee for new projects the socio-cultural image that people, coming from countryside to live in city outskirts, are accostumed. Also, to provide material improvements and functional adequation for a quality and healthiness. Natural ventilation is the main bioclimatic strategy during summer for thermal comfort, which influences the house characteristics. This is proven by calculation, and simulation with the CFX-ANSYS software. Thus, the analysis performed shows the real possibity to reconcile bioclimatism with the symbolic-cultural value represented by this vernacular architecture form. It is hopped that this study can be considered as a methodological contributition for new sustainable projects （materials, technics and services） of low-incoming houses in this Latin American region.

中国风景园林理论体系建设回顾与展望

【目的】梳理20世纪80年代以来中国风景园林理论体系研究的内容及发展脉络,综合评析风景园林理论体系建设的发展水平,以期为进一步推动风景园林理论体系建设提供思路,从而促进学科理论、方法和技术的发展。【方法】从理论体系建构的不同视角或维度出发,归纳、比较和反思中国风景园林理论体系建设的途径、思路和方法,发掘看待风景园林理论与实践相关现象的不同方式。【结果】辨别和剖析了传统体系、设计体系、空间体系、知识体系、学科体系5种理论体系的异同与关联,以及对学科理论发展的影响和作用,并剖析了学科理论发展过程中存在的诸多问题。【结论】理论体系的建构能够促进对学科内在和外在关系的思考,可视为中国风景园林学科与专业理论发展的结晶,借此把握学科理论的发展动向,并以开放式的答案与认知面对当前的困境。

岭南山水之间的“两观三性”融合营造——广州国家版本馆

中国国家版本馆项目是纳入国家“十四五”规划的重大文化传世工程。中华版本传世工程聚焦展示大国形象、坚定文化自信、赓续中华文脉、推动文明对话的功能定位。中国国家版本馆广州分馆设计团队运用“两观三性”建筑理论作为总体指导思想,提出“中华典藏、岭南山水、时代新韵、文明灯塔”的总体设计构思,连贯打通规划与布局、建筑与空间、环境与景观、工法与细部、绿色生态智慧技术等多个设计维度,融合营造岭南山水之间的中华文化殿堂。

建筑实践需求导向下的“医疗建筑设计与理论基础”课程知识体系重构

我国医院当前的高质量发展对医院建筑设计和建筑学人才培养都提出了新要求,同时,当前教育转向“以学为中心”的模式,强调知识结构与职业需求相适应。在此背景下,研究梳理了医院建筑设计实践所需的理论体系,重构了“医疗建筑设计与理论基础”课程知识体系,供医院建设领域与高校同仁参考。

从布局到功能:“口袋公园簇”协同设计模式

【目的】在“城市更新”政策背景下,全国各地口袋公园数量激增,口袋公园建设重心逐渐从以“增量”为目标的规划布局调控转为以“提质”为目标的功能空间统筹。从微观设计角度探讨如何发挥口袋公园集群优势,可以提高集群整体设计效能。【方法】拆解口袋公园内部设计元素作为研究对象,将协同理论“自组织”“协同效应”“伺服”三大原理运用到微观设计实践研究中,以河北省衡水市故城县为研究区域,提出“口袋公园簇”的概念,精准把控口袋公园系统协同作用机制。【结果】提出定位、边界、空间、种植、主题5类载体内部设计元素彼此协同的设计实施模式,制定可加强多个场地功能合作的设计策略。【结论】构建了一种协同设计视角,探讨协同理论指导下口袋公园现有设计策略的优化模式,为高密度城市空间的微绿地规划设计提供指导。

基于新陈代谢派建筑理论的乡村建筑设计——以长海县广鹿岛某建筑设计为例

目前,我国正处于乡村振兴的战略实施阶段。为积极响应乡村振兴,促进乡村发展,基于新陈代谢派建筑理论,以长海县广鹿岛某建筑设计为案例,对其运用装配式可替换舱体、智能建造、模块定制、绿色节能措施等建筑设计方法,创造出可以随时间和需求而改变功能和空间的建筑,对该地区旅游业时空分布不均造成的资源浪费、土地资源不足导致乡村建设难等问题进行分析,以期为其他具有类似特征的乡村建筑设计提供借鉴。

基于人流量视角下的公共建筑碳排放模型与实证研究

为了解决公共建筑碳排放核算类别繁多、结果粗放的难题,通过调研与程式化扎根理论得出影响公共建筑碳排放的关键因素,并依托实地传感测算试验,研究人流量对环境变化的具体作用机理,整合人时变量,构建了适用于公共建筑的动态碳排放核算模型。结果表明:1)编码处理和调研数据的相关性分析结果均显示人流量对公共建筑的能源消耗起到关键作用;2)人流量间接作用于用能系统以及人的自身排放共同组成温室气体的排放增量;3)经验证,研究构建的动态核算模型原始误差为5.36%,修正后误差降至4.807%(小于5%),与实际运行工况有良好的交互性。研究成果完善了已有公共建筑的碳排放核算边界,构建了动态工况下的核算模型,实现了基于动态人流量变化下的公共建筑碳排放定量描述,为绿色建筑评价体系提供了理论依据与模型基础。

基于分形理论与幂律分布的微观天际线量化分析

城市天际线又称城市轮廓或全景,是城市景观的重要组成部分,利用分形理论与幂律分布方法可以为城市规划师或建筑师提供重要的理论支持。以郑州市为例,运用分形理论和幂律分布方法,对郑州市微观天际线的分形特征和相关建筑高度幂律分布进行研究。研究结果为深入理解微观天际线的形态特征和分布规律提供了有力的理论支持,在深化对城市天际线复杂性认识的同时,也为城市规划设计提供一定的参考。

图底理论的发展脉络研究

本文通过对图底关系既往研究基础的梳理和归纳,从图底理论的起源、发展与应用三个阶段出发,对其发展脉络进行回溯,探讨其理论价值及局限性,并进一步认识其在建筑设计与城市设计领域中的启发意义与内在影响。研究发现,图底理论在当下的设计学科领域仍具有重要的研究与应用价值,未来研究可进一步探索其与人工智能等新兴技术的结合,以期推动城市设计和建筑创作的创新发展。

城市住宅,在移动中寻求稳定的一个原点

鉴于人居是城市发展的“核心”,城市应基于人民的需求和生活方式进行设计。为适应人口的增长和变化,城市常进行公共建筑的改造和扩展。文章主要探讨城市、人居、住宅与“移动”之间的关系,描述了城市如何在“移动”中追求美好。基于“移动建筑”理论,探讨了如何更好地满足人民的居住需求,以强调人与城市和谐共生的重要性。

健康城市视角下的医院建筑设计趋势——荷兰、德国与丹麦医疗建筑考察思考

近年来,发展健康城市、将健康问题放置于更广泛的城市与社会层面来解决,是世界多国采用的低成本促进国民高品质健康状态的最佳路径。作为城市健康设施体系中的重要组成部分,医疗设施的设计出现了一些新的发展趋势。该文从国内建设需求出发,围绕近期走访的欧洲多国新建医疗设施,解读健康城市语境下医疗设施的设计趋势及其折射的系列前沿设计理论。

基于城市空间还迁理论的复合型文化建筑群体营造策略——以宁波市镇海科技文创中心项目为例

在城市建设逐渐远离大拆大建的传统模式背景下,城市发展面临着尺度过大、功能划分单一、建筑区块割裂以及公共空间缺乏开放性等挑战。以宁波市镇海科技文创中心项目为例,采用多功能与灵活性的设计理念,注重生态保护与融合,打造了一个集多种功能于一体的综合体建筑。通过引入绿化平台、湖边漫步道等自然元素,不仅丰富了城市公共空间的文化活动,还优化了功能配置,创造了宜居的城市环境。由此,提出了基于城市空间还迁理论的复合型文化建筑群体营造策略对未来城市的可持续发展具有重要意义,有望为解决新城区建设中的问题提供有益启示。

基于内聚与耦合视角的建筑设计

本研究围绕软件工程领域中的耦合内聚概念,将其置入建筑语境中进行分析与类比,并结合阿德勒心理学等加以探讨。采用内聚与耦合的视角观察并反思建筑设计中的常见议题,并通过经典建筑理论的联系与对比,以及引用有明显内聚与耦合特征的建筑案例,提出建筑设计领域中的内聚与耦合的具体体现,进而结合阿德勒心理学中的自立与关联分析总结了内聚与耦合概念在建筑领域的重要意义。最终申明建筑设计中既要关注设计本身的自洽性,也要强调建筑各要素之间关联的合理与紧密程度。