Graphene oxide(GO)displays promising properties for biomedical applications including drug delivery and cancer therapeutics.However,GO exposure also raises safety concerns such as potential side effects on health.He...Graphene oxide(GO)displays promising properties for biomedical applications including drug delivery and cancer therapeutics.However,GO exposure also raises safety concerns such as potential side effects on health.Here,the biological effects of GO suspended in phosphate buffered saline(PBS)with or without 1% nonionic surfactant Tween 80 were investigated.Based on the ex vivo experiments,Tween 80 significantly affected the interaction between GO and peripheral blood from mice.GO suspension in PBS tended to provoke the aggregation of diluted blood cells,which could be prevented by the addition of Tween 80.After intravenous administration,GO suspension with or without 1% Tween 80 was quickly eliminated by the mononuclear phagocyte system.Nevertheless,GO suspension without Tween 80 showed greater accumulation in lungs than that containing 1% Tween 80.In contrast,less GO was found in livers for GO suspension compared to Tween 80 assisted GO suspension.Organs including hearts,livers,lungs,spleens,kidneys,brains,and testes did not reveal histological alterations.The indexes of peripheral blood showed no change upon GO exposure.Our results together demonstrated that Tween 80 could greatly alter GO's biological performance and determine the pattern of its biodistribution in mice.展开更多
Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccha...Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccharides due to their diverse biological activities. This work reviewed the structural features, biological performances and molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in managing cancers, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The potentials of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases highly depend on their structural features, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, the type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, degree of branching, the type of substituent pattern and chain conformation. Regarding their working mechanisms, shared and diseasespecific pathways were found. The three chronic diseases shared the regulation of specific signalling pathways and the adjustment of gut microbiota. In addition, the roles of transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, hormones and other functional proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases are first elaborated herein. The present review describes the state of the art of mushroom polysaccharides in treating chronic diseases and addresses the perspectives, and will further promote research on this topic.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovative Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-EW-404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No:21207152,20921063,21177151)
文摘Graphene oxide(GO)displays promising properties for biomedical applications including drug delivery and cancer therapeutics.However,GO exposure also raises safety concerns such as potential side effects on health.Here,the biological effects of GO suspended in phosphate buffered saline(PBS)with or without 1% nonionic surfactant Tween 80 were investigated.Based on the ex vivo experiments,Tween 80 significantly affected the interaction between GO and peripheral blood from mice.GO suspension in PBS tended to provoke the aggregation of diluted blood cells,which could be prevented by the addition of Tween 80.After intravenous administration,GO suspension with or without 1% Tween 80 was quickly eliminated by the mononuclear phagocyte system.Nevertheless,GO suspension without Tween 80 showed greater accumulation in lungs than that containing 1% Tween 80.In contrast,less GO was found in livers for GO suspension compared to Tween 80 assisted GO suspension.Organs including hearts,livers,lungs,spleens,kidneys,brains,and testes did not reveal histological alterations.The indexes of peripheral blood showed no change upon GO exposure.Our results together demonstrated that Tween 80 could greatly alter GO's biological performance and determine the pattern of its biodistribution in mice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400204-2)。
文摘Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccharides due to their diverse biological activities. This work reviewed the structural features, biological performances and molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in managing cancers, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The potentials of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases highly depend on their structural features, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, the type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, degree of branching, the type of substituent pattern and chain conformation. Regarding their working mechanisms, shared and diseasespecific pathways were found. The three chronic diseases shared the regulation of specific signalling pathways and the adjustment of gut microbiota. In addition, the roles of transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, hormones and other functional proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases are first elaborated herein. The present review describes the state of the art of mushroom polysaccharides in treating chronic diseases and addresses the perspectives, and will further promote research on this topic.