Mufangji tang ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension through improving vascular remodeling,inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress,and inducing apoptosis

Background:Mufangji tang(MFJT)is composed of Ramulus Cinnamomi,Radix Ginseng,Cocculus orbiculatus(Linn.)DC.,and Gypsum.In clinical settings,MFJT has been effectively employed in addressing a range of respiratory disorders,notably including pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).However,the mechanism of action of MFJT on PAH remains unknown.Methods:In this study,a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model was established and treated with MFJT.The therapeutic effects of MFJT on PAH rat model were evaluated.Network pharmacology was conducted to screen the possible targets for MFJT on PAH,and the molecular docking between the main active components and the core targets was carried out.The key targets identified from network pharmacology were tested.Results:Results showed significant therapeutic effects of MFJT on PAH rat model.Analysis of network pharmacology revealed several potential targets related to apoptosis,inflammation,oxidative stress,and vascular remodeling.Molecular docking showed that the key components were well docked with the core targets.Further experimental validation results that MFJT treatment induced apoptosis(downregulated Bcl-2 levels and upregulated Bax levels in lung tissue),inhibited inflammatory response and oxdative stress(decreased the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,inducible NOS,and malondialdehyde,and increased the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase,nitric oxide,glutathione and superoxide dismutase),reduced the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(downregulated ET-1 andβ-catenin levels and ERK1/2 phosphorylation,increased GSK3βlevels).Conclusion:Our study revealed MFJT treatment could alleviate PAH in rats via induction of apoptosis,inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress,and the prevention of vascular remodeling.

Therapeutic effect of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules in cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND Cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis is a common middle-aged and elderly disease,but its pathogenesis is not fully understood,and its clinical treatment has limitations.Glucosamine sulfate capsules are commonly used for treating arthritis,and San Bi Tang is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that has the effects of warming yang,dispelling dampness,relaxing muscles,and activating collaterals.This research hypothesized that the combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules could enhance the clinical efficacy of treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis through complementary effects.AIM To analyze the clinical efficacy of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules when treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis.METHODS A total of 110 patients with cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group of 55 cases each.The control group received only treatment with glucosamine sulfate capsules,while the experimental group received additional treatment with modified San Bi Tang for a duration of 5 wk.The patients’knee joint functions,liver and kidney function indicators,adverse reactions,and vital signs were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.RESULTS Before treatment,the two groups’genders,ages,and scores were not significantly different,indicating comparability.Both groups’scores improved after treatment,which could indicate pain and knee joint function improvement,but the test group had better scores.The TCM-specific symptoms and the clinical efficacy of the treatment in the test group were higher.Before and after treatment,there were no abnormalities in the patients’liver and kidney function indicators.CONCLUSION The combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules is superior to treatment with sulfated glucosamine alone and has high safety.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Tao Hong Si Wu Tang in mice with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common combination of comorbidities.Anti-inflammation and modulation of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance may prevent COPD-induced LC,and are also crucial to the treatment of LC combined with COPD.Modern studies have shown that Tao Hong Si Wu Tang(THSW)has vasodilatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue,anti-shock,immunoregulatory,lipid-reducing,micronutrient-supplementing,and anti-allergy effects.AIM To observe the effects of THSW on COPD and LC in mice.METHODS A total of 100 specific pathogen-free C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups:Blank control group(group A),model control group(group B),THSW group(group C),IL-6 group(group D),and THSW+IL-6 group(group E),with 20 mice in each group.A COPD mouse model was established using fumigation plus lipopolysaccharide intra-airway drip,and an LC model was replicated by in situ inoculation using the Lewis cell method.RESULTS The blank control group exhibited a clear alveolar structure.The model control and IL-6 groups had thickened alveolar walls,with smaller alveolar lumens,interstitial edema,and several inflammatory infiltrating cells.Histopathological changes in the lungs of the THSW and THSW+IL-6 groups were less than those of the model control group.The serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues of mice in the rest of the groups were significantly higher than those of the blank control group(P<0.01).Compared with the model control group,the IL-6 group demonstrated significantly higher levels for the abovementioned proteins in the serum and lung tissues(P<0.01),and the THSW group had significantly higher serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues(P<0.01)but significantly decreased IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R levels(P<0.01).CONCLUSION THSW reduces the serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels in the mouse model with anti-inflammatory effects.Its antiinflammatory mechanism lies in inhibiting the overactivation of the JAK/STAT1/3 signaling pathway.

Gaze and Oppositional Gaze in Mr. Tang’s Girls

The gaze is a means of power that can flow through family relationships.It has intense regulatory overtones.In her short story Mr.Tang’s Girls,Malaysian-Chinese Anglophone diasporic writer Shirley Geok-lin Lim shows the conflict between Eastern and Western cultures and the resistance of women under the oppression of patriarchy through the portrayal of the father,Ah Kong,and the eldest daughter,Kim Li.Based on Foucault’s discipline gaze and Hooks’oppositional gaze,this article analyzes the power operation in the story from the following three aspects:the male gaze,discipline and self-discipline,and the oppositional gaze.Kim Li’s subjective image of breaking free from male ownership control has been presented.It suggests the difficulties encountered by female groups in their rebellion against the male gaze and their pursuit of freedom and emancipation.It also reflects the tragedy of awakening women’s destinies under the dual oppression of patriarchy and the East-Westen cultural conflict.

M-Tang法肌腱缝合技术的生物力学研究及其在Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复中的应用

目的报道一种新的肌腱缝合方法 M-Tang法的生物力学特性及临床应用结果。方法本研究采用36根猪后足屈肌腱作为实验材料,在相当于Ⅱ区水平造成切割伤后,18根用Tang法、18根用M-Tang法进行修复。将修复后的肌腱分别进行直线和90°成角状态下的拉伸,用Instron力学测定仪测定2 mm间隙形成负荷及断裂负荷。M-Tang法用于临床修复Ⅱ区屈肌腱65例共96指,术后均采用保护性主、被动活动相结合的锻炼计划。采用Strickland标准进行功能评价。结果在直线拉伸模式下,M-Tang法的2 mm间隙形成负荷为(46.2±5.2)N,断裂负荷为(61.9±6.0)N,与Tang法相近;在90°成角拉伸模式下,M-Tang法的2 mm间隙形成负荷为(35.9±3.6)N,与Tang法相近,断裂负荷为(57.0±4.5)N,高于Tang法。65例患者术后平均随访26个月,临床运用M-Tang法修复的Ⅱ区屈肌腱无1例发生断裂,根据Strickland TAM标准,其中优78指,良10指,可8指,优良率91.6%。结论 M-Tang法具备Tang法的生物力学强度,操作简便,使用缝线和外露线结少,能满足肌腱早期保护性主动活动的需要,是Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复的优选方法之一。

基于TANG模型的西安国际旅游成长实证分析

文章运用旅游地非线性成长模型(TANG模型)对50年来西安国际旅游成长进行实证分析。分析指出,西安国际旅游第一周期为新中国成立至改革开放前阶段,规模极小,受政府制度、资源与产品创新、大规模突发事件影响极大;从客流量与旅游收入两个指标体系入手,讨论1978年以来的第二、第三周期,通过模拟方程、成长曲线及相关特征值实现了不同周期、不同指标的横向与纵向比较,同时在与统计值进行对比的过程中,清晰地反映出异常波动情况,判断波动原因,对旅游地成长过程有了更为清晰的认识。

Garden Features in Tang Dynasty and Urban Planning and Construction of Xi'an City

By taking gardens in Tang Dynasty which play an important historical role in Chinese garden development history as case study,garden features in Tang Dynasty had been described from the aspects of cultural,ecological and planning characteristics,so as to explore the development trace of Tang garden culture,based on which relevant problems in urban planning and construction of Xi'an were discussed;and some countermeasures and suggestions on cultural,ecological and planning construction in the preservation of this ancient city were put forward.

金边阔叶麦冬(Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tangvar.variegata Hort.)的组织培养

将金边阔叶麦冬 (LiriopeplatyphyllaWangetTangvar.variegataHort.)不同部位外植体块 ,接种于附加不同激素配比的MS培养基上 ,实验结果表明 ,取自根状茎芽点 ,培养基为MS +BA 1.5mg/L +NAA 0 .5mg/L的不定芽诱导率最高 ( 10 0 % ) ,长势较旺 ,不定芽和愈伤组织均较多 ,但极易造成性状分离。用MS +BA 3.0mg/L +NAA 0 .5mg/L液体培养可以直接“芽生芽” ,避免了脱分化过程 ,从而稳定保持嵌合性。不定芽每月可转接 1次 ,适宜的生根培养基为 1/2MS大量 +IBA 0 .2 5mg/L。试管苗在蛭石中炼苗后即可移栽。

关于“门光尺”——答英国Mr.H·W·Tang

本刊英国读者邓孔怀先生(Mr.H·W·Tang)在《古建园林技术》总第六期研读了路长先生的《门光尺》一文(见总第六期第55～56页),甚感兴趣。邓先生参考《鲁班经》、《中国古代建筑技术史》(以下简称《技术史》)、清工部《工程做法则例》(以下简称《则例》)等文献资料。

On C-E Translation of Chinese Tang Poetry from the Perspective of Ecotranslatology

Tang poetry is a shining pearl in the history of Chinese literature.C-E translation of Tang poetry is regarded as a very complex and hard task because of its special style and form,concise diction and profound artistic conception.Eco-translatology provides a new perspective for the study on C-E translation of Tang poetry.Based on analysis of some practical examples,this paper discusses some C-E translation methods of tang poetry from the perspective of eco-translatology,namely,adaptive transformation from linguistic,cultural and communicative dimensions.

Tang缝合法修复指屈肌腱的疗效分析

目的:探讨Tang缝合法在手指屈肌腱断裂治疗中的效果。方法:回顾性分析手指屈肌腱断裂患者96例临床资料,随机分为两组,Tang缝合法组48例(研究组)、Kessler缝合法组48例(对照组),分别采用Tang缝合法和Kessler缝合法修复手指屈肌腱,应用透明质酸钠填充治疗,24 h后开始手指功能锻炼,术后3周内采用Kleinert橡皮筋牵引疗法(动态支具保护),并定期随访,术后6个月手指功能采用主动活动度(Total active movement,TAM)法评定。结果:研究组TAM优良率为91.6%;对照组TAM优良率为54.1%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:Tang缝合法在手指屈肌腱断裂治疗中获得满意的修复效果。

Intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yi Tang Kang on metabolic syndrome of spleen deficiency

Objective:To investigate effects of herbal compound Yi Tang Kang on the spleen deficiency metabolic syndrome.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:the normal control group and the MS spleen deficiency syndrome group.The control group rats were fed with standard diet and water,while MS spleen deficiency syndrome group with high fat diet and low dose intraperitoneal injection of slreptozocin.which swam to the endurance limit.After 12 weeks,the MS spleen deficiency syndrome group was randomly divided into two groups,with 13 rats in each group.Flats in model group were fed with high fat diet and conlinuouly administered with daily saline,and rats in intervention group with high fat diet were trated with traditional Chinese medicines Yi Tang Kang by gavage,2 mL/200 g at the same lime every day.10 weeks later,the expression of serum proteomics was investigated through abdominal aortic puncture and separation of serum,using isotope labeling technique,high performance liquid chromatography and four bar-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.Results:After treatment with traditional Chinese medicine yitangkang,in the model group,important carboxylesterase and retinal guanylate cyclase 2 precursor were upregulated.As for intervention group,these indesxes were raised,but immunoglobulin IgG,carnitine acetyltransferase,tubulin beta-5,and Gan Lu sugar binding protein C were down-regulated.At the same time,some new biological active substances,such as protein tyrosine kinase,beta glucosidase were also found.Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicines Yi Tang Kang could regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome.

Effects of Lizhong Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice

AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) and gastric emptying(GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS In normal ICR mice,the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang(ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%,P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%,P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice,which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally,in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay,Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.

Traditional Chinese medicine “Qing Yi Tang” alleviates oxygen free radical injury in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM To observe the changes in oxygen free radical (OFR) and the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine 'Qing Yi Tang' in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).METHODS After induction of ANP by injection of sodium taurocholate into pancreatic duct, 16 dogs were randomly divided into control group and Chinese medicine group. Serum amylase, SOD and MDA were determined on postoperative day 1, 2, 4 and 7. The animals were sacrificed on day 7. SOD and MDA in organs were determined, and pathological changes in pancreas were observed.RESULTS As compared with control group, the serum level of amylase (734U/L vs 2783U/L) and MDA (7.8nmol/ml vs 14.8nmol/ml) in Chinese medicine group were decreased on day 7 (P＜0.05), while SOD increased significantly (281nU/ml vs 55nU/ml, P＜0.01), and similar changes occurred in MDA and SOD in organs, especially in the pancreas; the pathological changes in the pancreas were alleviated as well.CONCLUSION 'Qing Yi Tang' is effective in clearing OFRs and alleviating pathological changes in ANP.

Effects of Wen Dan Tang on insomnia-related anxiety and levels of the brain-gut peptide Ghrelin

Ghrelin, a brain-gut peptide that induces anxiety and other abnormal emotions, contributes to the effects of insomnia on emotional behavior. In contrast, the traditional Chinese Medi- cine remedy Wen Dan Tang reduces insomnia-related anxiety, which may perhaps correspond to changes in the brain-gut axis. This suggests a possible relationship between Wen Dan Tan^s pharmacological mechanism and the brain-gut axis. Based on this hypothesis, a sleep-deprived rat model was induced and Wen Dan Tang was administered using oral gavage during model es- tablishment. Wen Dan Tang significantly reduced insomnia-related anxiety and prevented Ghrelin level decreases following sleep deprivation, especially in the hypothalamus. Increased expression of Ghrelin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus was also observed, suggesting that reduced anxi- ety may be a result of Wen Dan Tan＇s regulation of Ghrelin-Ghrelin receptors.

Effects of Lizhong Tang on cultured mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal

AIM:To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,an herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine,on mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS:Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues.The ICCs were morphologically distinct from other cell types in culture and were identified using phase contrast microscopy after verification with anti c-kit antibody.A whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials(current clamp) from cultured ICCs.All of the experiments were performed at 30-32 ℃.RESULTS:ICCs generated pacemaker potentials,and Lizhong Tang produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a nonselective cation channel blocker) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.Pretreatment with thapsigargin(a Ca 2+-ATPase inhibi-tor in the endoplasmic reticulum) also abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.However,pacemaker potentials were completely abolished in the presence of an external Ca 2+-free solution,and under this condition,Lizhong Tang induced membrane depolarizations.Furthermore,When GDPβ-S(1 mmol/L) was in the pipette solution,Lizhong Tang still induced membrane depolarizations.In addition,membrane depolarizations were not inhibited by chelerythrine or calphostin C,which are protein kinase C inhibitors,but were inhibited by U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitors.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that Lizhong Tang might affect gastrointestinal motility by modulating pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal.

补阳还五汤及主要成分对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注大鼠脑组织细胞焦亡的影响

背景:细胞焦亡是脑缺血再灌注损伤的重要病理机制,补阳还五汤是中医临床治疗缺血性脑卒中的经典方剂,细胞焦亡可能是补阳还五汤治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的有效作用靶点。目的:观察补阳还五汤对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注大鼠脑组织细胞焦亡的影响及作用机制。方法:将48只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄芪组及补阳还五汤组。除假手术组外,其余各组均进行大脑中动脉阻塞缺血2 h再灌注72 h处理,黄芪组和补阳还五汤组大鼠均于缺血2 h再灌注后开始连续灌胃相应体积的药物至缺血再灌注72 h,早晚各1次。Zea Longa评分观察大鼠神经功能缺损情况,TTC染色观察大鼠脑梗死体积,苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠脑组织病理损伤变化,免疫荧光观察脑组织Tunel和Cleaved Caspase-1共表达以及接头蛋白ASC表达情况,免疫组化及Western blot检测大鼠脑组织焦亡相关蛋白表达。结果与结论:①与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著升高(P<0.01),与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组及黄芪组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著下降(P<0.01);②与模型组相比,黄芪组和补阳还五汤组脑梗死体积占比下降(P<0.01);③模型组脑组织神经细胞胞核固缩深染或溶解消失,细胞排列紊乱,与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组及黄芪组脑组织病理损伤较轻;④与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠脑组织Tunel与Cleaved Caspase-1双染色阳性细胞数及ASC免疫荧光表达强度显著增加,Cleaved Caspase-1、NLRP3、白细胞介素18和白细胞介素1β焦亡蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组及黄芪组Cleaved Caspase-1与Tunel双染色阳性细胞数、ASC免疫荧光表达强度及Cleaved Caspase-1、NLRP3、白细胞介素18、白细胞介素1β焦亡蛋白表达均明显下降(P<0.01)。结果表明,补阳还五汤及其君药黄芪可有效缓解大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注大鼠脑组织损伤,其机制可能与抑制神经细胞焦亡有关。

He Jie Tang in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM： To explore the effect of He .lie Tang （decoction for medication） on serum levels of T lymphocyte subsets, NK cell activity and cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients. METHODS： Eighty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided randomly into two groups. Fifty patients in group I were treated with He .lie Tang （HIT） and 35 patients in group II were treated with combined medication. The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets （CD^3＋, CD^4＋, CD^8＋）, NK cell activity, cytokines （TNF-α, IL-8, sIL-2R） were observed before and after the treatment. Another 20 normal persons served as group 3. RESULTS： The level of CD^4＋ cells and NK cell activity were lower, whereas the level of CD^8＋ cells in patients was higher than that in normal persons （t = 2.685, 3.172, and 2.754 respectively; P〈0.01）. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and sIL-2R in chronic hepatitis B patients were higher than those in normal persons （t = 3.526, 3.170, and 2.876 respectively; P〈0.01）. After 6 months of treatment, ALT, AST, and TB levels in the two groups were obviously decreased （t = 3.421, 3.106, and 2.857 respectively; P〈0.01）. The level of CD^4＋ cells and NK cell activity were increased whereas the level of CD^8＋ cells decreased （t = 2.179, 2.423, and 2.677 respectively; P〈0.05） in group I. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and sIL- 2R in group I were decreased significantly after the treatment （t = 2.611, 2.275, and 2.480 respectively; P〈0.05） but had no significant difference in groupII after the treatment （t = 1.906, 1.833, and 2.029 respectively; P〉0.05）. The total effective rate had no significant difference between the two groups （X^2 = 2.882, P〉0.05） but the markedly effective rate was significantly different between the two groups （X^2 = 5.340, P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： HIT is effective in treating chronic hepatitis B. HIT seems to exert its effect by improving the cellular immune function and decreasing inflammatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients. The function of HIT in protecting liver function in the process of eliminating virus needs to be further studied.

Anti-emetic mechanisms of Xiaobanxia Tang decoction on the chemotherapy-induced pica model in rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of Xiaobanxia Tang(XBXT)in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.METHODS The chemotherapy-induced rat pica model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 6mg·kg-1.Kaolin consumption was used as an indicator of nausea and vomiting.Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal control,XBXT normal control,model,ondansetron treating,XBXT decoction high and low dose groups.The rats in ondansetron group,XBXT normal control group,XBXT high and low dose groups were gavaged ondansetron 2.6mg·kg-1·d-1,XBXT 1.6,3.2and 1.6g·kg-1·d-1,respectively 1hbefore cisplatin injection,and the administration were given every 12 h.Kaolin consumptions were weighed every 12 h.After 24 hand 72hof cisplatin injection,animals were sacrificed respectively.The contents of 5-HT,5-HIAA,dopamine(DA),DOPAC,substance P(SP),TPH,MAO and TH were measured by ELISA.The mRNA expression of 5-HT transporter(SERT),5-HT3 Areceptor,SP precursor(PPTA),NK1 and D2receptors in rat ileum and medulla oblongata were measured by RT-PCR,the protein expression were measured by Western blotting.RESULTS The high and low dosages of XBXT could significantly inhibit kaolin consumptions in cisplatin-treated rats,and reduce5-HT,increase 5-HIAA contents and reduce 5-HT3 Areceptor mRNA and protein expression,above effects are related to the reduction of TPH and the enhancement of MAOA levels.The two dosages of XBXT could significantly reduce SP and NK1 mRNA and protein expression,which was related to the reduction of PPTA mRNA expression.XBXT could also significantly reduce DA contents and D2 receptor mRNA and protein expression,which was related to the reduction of TH.CONCLUSION XBXT has significant antiemetic effect in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,the underlying mechanisms are related to the inhibition of 5-HT and5-HT3 Areceptor,SP and NK1 receptor,DA and D2 receptor.

Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design

Using Dachengqi Tang（DCQT） as a model, high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process（AHP） and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC） was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）.