Influence of South Asian Biomass Burning on Ozone and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Tibetan Plateau

In this work,the influence of South Asian biomass burning emissions on O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is investigated by using the regional climate chemistry transport model WRF-Chem.The simulation is validated by comparing meteorological fields and pollutant concentrations against in situ observations and gridded datasets,providing a clear perspective on the spatiotemporal variations of O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations across the Indian subcontinent,including the Tibetan Plateau.Further sensitivity simulations and analyses show that emissions from South Asian biomass burning mainly affect local O_(3) concentrations.For example,contribution ratios were up to 20%in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon season but below 1%over the TP throughout the year 2016.In contrast,South Asian biomass burning emissions contributed more than 60%of PM_(2.5)concentration over the TP during the pre-monsoon season via significant contribution of primary PM_(2.5)components(black carbon and organic carbon)in western India that were lofted to the TP by westerly winds.Therefore,it is suggested that cutting emissions from South Asian biomass burning is necessary to alleviate aerosol pollution over the TP,especially during the pre-monsoon season.

Effects of Spring Biomass Burning in the Indochina Peninsula on May Precipitation in South China

Each year, during the dry season that precedes the summer wind and rainfall Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), significant biomass burning occurs and reaches its peak from March to April. This biomass burning generates large amounts of aerosols that impact East Asia and surrounding areas through the Asian monsoon. This study aims to investigate the potential connection between biomass burning over the ICP and precipitation in South China during May, along with the physical processes involved. The analysis is based on GLDAS soil moisture reanalysis data and CPC (NOAA) precipitation data covering the period from 1980 to 2021. The research findings indicate a negative (positive) correlation between biomass burning in the ICP region during spring and precipitation in the same region (South China) during May. The circulation patterns corresponding to years with biomass-burning emission anomalies are further investigated, and the impact of biomass-burning emissions in spring on soil moisture and temperature is examined. The results suggest that biomass-burning emissions can significantly affect atmospheric circulation and precipitation, ultimately leading to anomalous precipitation in South China.

中南半岛春季气溶胶直接辐射强迫时空演变特征分析

中南半岛国家春季存在大量的生物质燃烧活动,生成的气溶胶会通过大气环流影响我国西南地区大气辐射收支,探究其对大气加热率的影响可为研究它对天气和气候的影响提供依据。基于MERRA-2再分析数据中逐时的气溶胶和晴空下的辐射通量等资料,首先分析其时空特征,其次利用EOF、合成分析等统计方法,讨论中南半岛气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、地表气溶胶直接辐射强迫(ADRF)的时空演变特征及其与大气短波加热率的关系。结果表明:(1)在3-4月生物质燃烧季节,中南半岛与云南省均存在AOD极大值,它们的时间序列变化趋势具有较高的一致性,主要表现为老挝和越南北部地区AOD中心值超过1,受其影响云南省的AOD由北向南逐渐增强。(2)3-4月中南半岛生物质燃烧AOD与总AOD的高值中心一致,说明该区域气溶胶主要来源于生物质燃烧,老挝北部存在高达28 kg·m^(-1)·d^(-1)的生物质燃烧气溶胶的水平通量散度,能将气溶胶向东北方向输送至中国。(3)地表ADRF与AOD时空分布存在较高的一致性,3-4月老挝和越南的北部地区同样存在地表ADRF高值中心,其值可达-36 W·m^(-2)。EOF第一模态中,印度东北角与我国西藏东南部交界处、老挝、越南和泰国地区均为正位相区域,主要在3-4月出现极大值,2017-2018年间极值减弱,2019年再次增大。云南省地表ADRF时间变化趋势与中南半岛变化一致。(4)地表负ADRF和大气短波加热率的统计关系为:地表的净辐射通量减少越多,低层大气吸收短波辐射造成的加热越大,表明大气内气溶胶截留的短波辐射通量越多,该现象在700 hPa上最为明显,尤其是3-4月。

Pollutant emissions from biomass burning:A review on emission characteristics,environmental impacts,and research perspectives

Biomass is one most abundant resource on the earth providing important energies in support of so-cioeconomic development in many areas.Burning of biomass fuels comprises to nearly 10%of the total energy from anthropogenic combustion processes:however,as the burning is usually incomplete,this process yields products of incomplete combustion posing consequently significant impacts on air quality,human health,and climate change.Here,we analyzed spatiotemporal characteristics in intentional and unintentional biomass burning from different sectors,discussed impacts of biomass burning emissions on indoor and outdoor air quality,and consequent influences on human health.The global total con-sumption amount of biomass including both natural and anthropogenic sources was approximately 7900 Tg in 2019,with significantly large regional and sectorial discrepancies among regions.Globally,anthropogenic biomass burning amounts increased gradually,but notably in some developing countries like China residential consumption of biomass fuels,as one large sector of biomass use,decreased over time.Uncommercial biomass consumption needs to be accurately quantified.There are relatively rich datasets of pollutant emission factors from biomass burning,including laboratory and field tests,but still large variations exit and contribute substantially to the uncertainty in emission inventory.Global pri-mary PM2.5,black carbon and organic carbon emissions from biomass burning were about 51,4.6,and 29 Tg,respectively,contributing to nearly 70%,55%,and 90%of the total emission from all sources,and emissions from the residential sector and open fires are major sources.Brown carbon emissions from biomass burning attracts growing interests but available studies adopted different methodologies challenging the comparability of those results.Biomass burning emissions polluted not only ambient air but more severely indoor air quality,adversely affecting human health.Future studies that should be emphasized and promoted are suggested.

Seasonal characteristics and provenance of organic aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng in the North China Plain:Significant effect of biomass burning

To better understand the seasonal characteristics of urban organic aerosol(OA)in the North China Plain(NCP),PM2.5 samples in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng were collected and analyzed.The molecular distribution of the organic markers in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng reveals that n-alkanes(39.3%)was the most abundant species all year round,followed by saccharides(28.2%),phthalic acids(Ph,20.8%),biogenic secondary organic aerosol(BSOA)tracers(9.4%),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs,2.3%).PM2.5,organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),and primary organic markers exhibit the highest concentrations in winter,due largely to the increased biomass burning and coal combustion for house heating in local and surrounding regions.However,the concentration and relative abundance of BSOA are significantly higher in summer than other seasons,induced by the more favorable meteoro-logical conditions that would promote the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)and the secondary production of BSOA.The ratios of OC/EC and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid to cis-pinic acid plus cis-pinonic acid(MBTCA/(PA+PNA)are higher in the warm seasons than those in the cold seasons,indicating that the oxidation of OA is sensitive to air temperature.Compared to 2017,the concentration level of PAHs during wintertime decreased by 40.8%,confirming that the stringent regulation of coal burning is effective.The highest concentration of high molecular weight(HMW)n-alkanes and three anhydrosugars in winter,and the close correlation of levoglucosan with HMW n-al-kanes suggests that the impact of biomass burning was more significant in winter.The same seasonal characteristic of the ratios of high-/low-NO_(x) products with NO_(x) and the strong correlation of high-/low-NO_(x) products with levoglucosan indicate that the formation of isoprene SOA(SOA1)tracers was signif-icantly influenced by anthropogenic emissions.The molecular compositions,the distributions of fire spots,backward trajectories of air masses,and correlation analysis suggest that air pollution events in spring were primarily resulted from biomass burning and secondary oxidation,while pollution events in winter were largely driven by the increased combustion sources,and promoted aqueous secondary formation.Our results suggest that the reduction of biomass and coal combustion should be taken into account to improve the urban air quality in the NCP.

Characterization of Organic Aerosol at a Rural Site in the North China Plain Region:Sources,Volatility and Organonitrates

The North China Plain(NCP)is a region that experiences serious aerosol pollution.A number of studies have focused on aerosol pollution in urban areas in the NCP region;however,research on characterizing aerosols in rural NCP areas is comparatively limited.In this study,we deployed a TD-HR-AMS(thermodenuder high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer)system at a rural site in the NCP region in summer 2013 to characterize the chemical compositions and volatility of submicron aerosols(PM_(1)).The average PM_(1)mass concentration was 51.2±48.0μg m^(−3) and organic aerosol(OA)contributed most(35.4%)to PM_(1).Positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis of OA measurements identified four OA factors,including hydrocarbon-like OA(HOA,accounting for 18.4%),biomass burning OA(BBOA,29.4%),lessoxidized oxygenated OA(LO-OOA,30.8%)and more-oxidized oxygenated OA(MO-OOA,21.4%).The volatility sequence of the OA factors was HOA>BBOA>LO-OOA>MO-OOA,consistent with their oxygen-to-carbon(O:C)ratios.Additionally,the mean concentration of organonitrates(ON)was 1.48−3.39μg m−3,contributing 8.1%-19%of OA based on cross validation of two estimation methods with the high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HRToF-AMS)measurement.Correlation analysis shows that ON were more correlated with BBOA and black carbon emitted from biomass burning but poorly correlated with LO-OOA.Also,volatility analysis for ON further confirmed that particulate ON formation might be closely associated with primary emissions in rural NCP areas.

Aerosol Properties and Their Impacts on Surface CCN at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site during the 2011 Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment

Aerosol particles are of particular importance because of their impacts on cloud development and precipitation processes over land and ocean. Aerosol properties as well as meteorological observations from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） platform situated in the Southern Great Plains （SGP） are utilized in this study to illustrate the dependence of continental cloud condensation nuclei （CCN） number concentration （NccN） on aerosol type and transport pathways. ARM-SGP observations from the 2011 Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment field campaign are presented in this study and compared with our previous work during the 2009-10 Clouds, Aerosol, and Precipitation in the Marine Boundary Layer field campaign over the current ARM Eastern North Atlantic site. Northerly winds over the SGP reflect clean, continental conditions with aerosol scattering coefficient （~rsp） values less than 20 Mm-1 and Ncct~ values less than 100 cm .3. However, southerly winds over the SGP are responsible for the observed moderate to high correlation （R） among aerosol loading （Crsp 〉 60 Mm 1） and NCCN, carbonaceous chemical species （biomass burning smoke）, and precip- itable water vapor. This suggests a common transport mechanism for smoke aerosols and moisture via the Gull＇ of Mexico, indicating a strong dependence on air mass type. NASA MERRA-2 reanalysis aerosol and chemical data are moderately to highly correlated with surface ARM-SGP data, suggesting that this facility can represent surface aerosol conditions in the SGE especially during strong aerosol loading events that transport via the Gulf of Mexico. Future long-term investigations will help to understand the seasonal influences of air masses on aerosol, CCN, and cloud properties over land in comparison to over ocean.

Effects of transport on aerosols over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau:synergistic contribution of Southeast Asia and the Sichuan Basin

The aerosol optical properties and chemical components of PM2.1(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.1μm or less)were investigated at Mount Gongga on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau from April 2012 to December 2014.The annual mean aerosol optical depth(AOD)was 0.35±0.23,and the?ngstr?m exponent was 1.0±0.38.The AOD exhibited higher values in summer and winter,but lower values in spring and autumn.Dividing the observational periods into dry and wet seasons,the authors found that the concentrations of K^+,elemental carbon,secondary inorganic aerosols,and primary and secondary organic carbon in the dry(wet)season were 0.29(0.21),0.88(0.60),7.4(4.5),7.5(5.1),and 3.9(12)μg m?3,respectively.Combined with trajectory analysis,the authors found that higher concentrations of K^+,elemental carbon,and primary organic carbon indicated the effects of biomass burning from Southeast Asia during the dry season.However,the oxidation of volatile organic compounds was the main source of aerosols during the wet season,which originated from the Sichuan Basin.

尼泊尔一次源含碳气溶胶的排放特征研究

含碳气溶胶是大气气溶胶中的污染物,包括黑碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)。根据OC的溶解性,可将其分为水溶性有机碳(WSOC)和甲醇溶解有机碳(MSOC)。尼泊尔是南亚的发展中国家,该地区的含碳气溶胶可以长距离传输进入青藏高原,进而影响喜马拉雅大气组分和气候。因此,研究尼泊尔地区的一次源含碳气溶胶对保护喜马拉雅的环境具有重要的意义。另外,准确获知含碳气溶胶化学组分的排放因子(EF),明确污染物排放因子的影响因素,可为污染物减排提供理论依据。然而,目前对于尼泊尔一次源排放的含碳气溶胶研究有限,尤其是WSOC和MSOC的排放特征报道仍为空白。基于此,在尼泊尔的首都加德满都,实地测定生物质燃烧和机动车尾气排放的含碳气溶胶排放因子,分析了排放因子的影响因素。结果表明,泥炉排放的EFOC(53±7.8)g∙kg^(-1)和EFWSOC(46±9.8)g∙kg^(-1)高于铁炉和砖炉的排放因子1-2个数量级。此外,泥炉排放的EFEC(5.5±0.4)g∙kg^(-1)也高于铁炉和砖炉的排放因子5倍,因此,建议将尼泊尔地区普遍使用的泥炉改造为铁炉,可以降低生物质燃烧排放的污染物。对于机动车尾气排放源而言,相比于低速(10km∙h-1)和高速(70km∙h-1)状态,机动车在匀速(40km∙h-1)状态下,含碳气溶胶的排放因子最低。因此,建议尼泊尔当地增加公交车和摩托车专用道,避免交通堵塞,以达到减排的目的。该研究为当地的大气污染物减排提供了可靠的科学依据。

珠江三角洲秋季生物质燃烧对有机气溶胶的贡献

本研究基于2018年和2019年秋季在珠江三角洲地区的两次外场观测,应用热脱附-化学电离飞行时间质谱(FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS)获取了高时间分辨率(每小时)的生物质燃烧示踪物左旋葡聚糖的浓度数据,并估算出生物质燃烧对有机气溶胶(OA)的贡献值.结果表明,秋季珠江三角洲地区城市站点和区域站点的左旋葡聚糖平均浓度分别为(0.07±0.08)和(0.14±0.12)μg/m^(3),呈现区域站点高于城市站点的空间分布特征以及早晨和夜间出现峰值的日变化特征.观察到两个站点的左旋葡聚糖与CO和乙腈之间相关性较低,但与OA之间呈现显著正相关关系.进一步基于受体示踪物法估算出生物质燃烧对OA的平均贡献分别为7.4%(城市站点)和11.4%(区域站点),且两个站点均显示出生物质燃烧对OA的贡献在夜间明显高于白天.

Seasonal characteristics of biomass burning contribution to Beijing aerosol

110 atmospheric aerosol samples collected from November 1997 to October 1998 at two monitoring sites (Ming Tomb and Temple Heaven) in Beijing were analyzed for the con-centration of organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble potassium (K+). Four biomass burning epi-sodes, namely spring farming, summer harvesting, autumn harvesting and leaf falling were iden-tified using the tracer of K+. Biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol OC concentration in Beijing was estimated by regression analysis of OC and K+ concentration data. The slopes of regression analysis are similar at the two monitoring sites, presenting regional characteristics. Severe air pollution event occurred during autumn harvesting period in 1998 with substantial secondary OC formed, in which biomass burning was one of the major emission sources. Bio-mass burning is a prominent source of aerosol OC in Beijing and is featured by its seasonality and periodicity. It may contribute as much as 30 to 60 percent of the total OC in typical cases.

秸秆焚烧对北京市空气质量的影响

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测试了北京市两个采样点 1 #站 (十三陵站 ,清洁对照点 )和 5#站 (天坛站 ,居民生活区 )1 1 0个大气颗粒物样品中的水溶性钾 ,以表征秸秆焚烧颗粒物。 1 #站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .2 1 μg/m3,其中以1 998年 6月份浓度 (3 .0 7μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .0 2μg/m3)的 3倍 ;5#站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .94μg/m3,6月份 (4 .2 2 μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .97μg/m3)的 2 .1倍。数据分析结果表明 1 998年 6月份麦收季节存在以秸秆焚烧为主的生物质燃烧现象 ,使大气颗粒物中有机碳浓度水平升高 。

生物质燃烧颗粒物有机示踪化合物的测定和应用

使用气相色谱-质谱法对2002年7月-2003年7月的北京市大气粗、细颗粒物样品中的左旋葡聚糖等糖类化合物进行了测定。结果表明,左旋葡聚糖主要存在于细颗粒中,可以作为示踪化合物来研究生物质燃烧现象。生物质燃烧对北京市大气颗粒物有较重要的贡献,对应于12％-40％的PM2.5有机碳和10％-33％的PM10有机碳。北京市在2002年10月和11月受到明显的生物质燃烧的影响,可能由于农田秸杆焚烧和秋季落叶焚烧。2003年5月7日颗粒物样品受到直线距离约为1000 km以外的内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市大兴安岭林区森林大火烟雾的影响。生物质燃烧事件具有突发性,可以长距离传输;生物质作为农村生物燃料的使用其燃烧排放具有经常性和持久性的特征。

大气颗粒物中生物质燃烧示踪化合物的研究进展

生物质燃烧是大气颗粒物的重要来源.钾离子、脱水糖类(左旋葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、半乳聚糖)、脱氢松香酸等被认为是示踪生物质燃烧的主要化合物.其中,脱水糖类由于其良好的化学稳定性和较高的浓度水平,被广泛用作有关生物质燃烧的检测和估算其对大气颗粒物贡献的代表性化合物.研究发现,大气颗粒物中脱水糖类的含量随季节不同而呈现差异;不同类型的生物质经燃烧后产生的气溶胶颗粒物中,主要示踪化合物的组成比例不同.如软木燃烧后的左旋葡聚糖/甘露聚糖比值约为4.3、硬木约为23.1、农作物残渣约为32.0.利用这一特性可以分析大气颗粒物中不同生物质燃烧源的类型和所占比例等.气相色谱-质谱联用技术是检测大气颗粒物中脱水糖类有机示踪物的主要手段.该法需要对样品进行前处理.高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术和高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法可以很好地替代气相色谱质谱联用法,避免样品的前处理和衍生化反应,但检测范围较窄.几种方法各有利弊,需根据样品的来源和实验目标选择适当的分析方法.

中国南部四背景地区春季大气碳质气溶胶特征与来源

春季分别同时在中国南方4个背景地区(海南尖峰岭、香港鹤嘴、浙江临安和云南腾冲)进行大气加密观测实验,并分析其大气中PM2.5质量浓度及其碳质颗粒组分(有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和左旋葡聚糖).结果表明,各区域背景站点由于受不同污染源及传输过程影响而呈现出不同的特征:西南部腾冲站点与东部临安站点由于分别受到生物质燃烧和化石燃料燃烧等一次污染源的主导影响,而形成高OC、EC水平特征,且经受体示踪物方法估算腾冲站点受生物质燃烧对其OC的贡献均值可达到73%;尖峰岭站点由于二次污染及活跃的生物活动的共同作用,表现了高OC/EC比值及低碳质颗粒物浓度的特征,而鹤嘴站点则主要受海洋气团影响呈现出低碳质颗粒浓度与两两呈高度相关的特点,反映了其所在区域春季的背景特征.

CALIOP对一次秸秆焚烧后气溶胶光学特性的探测分析

采用星载激光雷达（Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization,CALIOP）资料研究了2008年6月2日华东秸秆焚烧排放气溶胶的光学特性,并与2006~2008年统计结果进行了对比。结果表明：1）CALIOP能够有效探测到气溶胶层,探测结果符合生物质燃烧气溶胶的典型特征;气溶胶分布及廓线特点可以由火点分布及大气环流形势做出解释。2）个例中气溶胶光学特性廓线与该地区2006~2008年全年平均和夏季平均都存在一定差异。个例中后向散射系数廓线的峰值显示出气溶胶垂直分布结构,对应高度上的退偏振率比平均偏大而双波长比则偏小,表明秸秆焚烧源气溶胶层由大量非球形的细粒子组成。3）个例中气溶胶粒子谱特征与3年夏季平均接近而与3年平均差别很大,显示出个例的季节特征。更多个例的统计分析和地基观测的验证有助于了解秸秆焚烧源气溶胶的普遍规律。

近五年来东亚春季黑炭气溶胶分布输送和辐射效应的模拟研究

通过对 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 4年 2～ 4月东亚地区人为和生物质燃烧排放黑炭气溶胶的模拟 ,分析 5年平均的结果 ,发现 :春季 ,东亚地区印度、中南半岛、中国东部存在三个显著的黑炭气溶胶大值区 ,最大柱含量均在 1mg·m- 2 以上 ,印度半岛的排放能影响中国南方 2 5°N～ 30°N之间区域 ,而中南半岛的排放能影响中国 2 5°N以南的大陆地区。85 0～ 70 0hPa是中南半岛排放输送进入中国的主要层次。中国华北和东北的排放向东输送影响朝鲜半岛、日本等地 ,但中国春季的输出量小于境外对中国的输入量 ;境外注入对中国西部和江南地区影响显著 ,对中国北方地区影响较小。黑炭气溶胶引起晴空和云天大气顶净向下辐射通量增大 ,地表净向下辐射通量减小 ,辐射通量变化最显著地区在中国四川、湖北一带 ,大气顶辐射通量增大最大为 4W·m- 2 ,地表通量减小最大约 - 5 5W·m- 2 。

夏收时段农村大气亚微米颗粒物数浓度分布特征

为了从源区的角度研究华北平原夏收时段大气亚微米颗粒物粒径谱分布,采用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪,于2017年6月对华北平原典型农村点位亚微米颗粒物数浓度进行连续观测.结果表明,观测期间大气亚微米颗粒物粒径分布主要集中在小于300nm处,平均数浓度为28371cm^(-3).不同模态颗粒物数浓度分布差异明显,核模态(<20nm)呈线性分布,爱根核模态(20～100nm)呈多项分布,积聚模态(>100nm)呈对数分布.48h后向轨迹聚类结果表明,观测点位气团受其东部的江苏省、山东省和安徽省生物质燃烧传输影响时,颗粒物总数浓度增加66.7%.潜在源贡献因子法和浓度权重轨迹法,表明潜在源区为观测点位以东的区域,且以粒径小于100nm的颗粒物为主.

高分辨质谱技术在大气棕色碳研究中的应用

大气棕色碳是目前碳质气溶胶领域研究的热点之一,由于其在近紫外-可见光区域有明显的吸光性,因而对区域辐射强迫和气候效应有重要影响。棕色碳既可来源于一次排放,主要为生物质和燃煤不完全燃烧;也可由挥发性有机物(VOCs)经大气光化学反应等二次生成。棕色碳分子组成十分复杂,而高分辨质谱技术以其超高分辨率和质量精确度,为在分子水平上表征复杂有机组分提供了有效手段。本文介绍了高分辨质谱技术结合传统分析手段在大气棕色碳研究中的应用现状,包括基于棕色碳分离的高分辨质谱联用技术的发展和基于高分辨质谱数据的棕色碳成分分析、来源示踪以及形成机理等,讨论了目前棕色碳研究现状以及存在的问题,展望了高分辨质谱技术在棕色碳研究中的应用前景。

东南亚生物质燃烧对我国霾和降水的影响

基于生物质燃烧排放源清单、地面观测和数值模式对东南亚中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶的排放特征,以及其在2020年春季对我国云南地区霾天气和南方前汛期降水过程的影响进行了分析。结果表明:中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶排放主要集中于每年3—4月,排放峰值时段集中于3月下旬至4月上旬,主要排放区域为缅甸东部和老挝北部。中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶在地面主要影响我国云南南部城市的霾天气,缅甸的生物质燃烧气溶胶是最主要的贡献源。中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶在低空西南急流作用下,可以在800~600 hPa高度传输至我国华南和江南南部大部分区域上空。传输至我国南方上空的生物质燃烧气溶胶通过抑制对流性降水、增强非对流性降水,可以改变南方前汛期降水过程的空间分布,使降水更集中于切变线附近。