Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are capable of modifying nutrient availability to favor the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. Microbial activities serve as critical roles for both carbon and nutrient transformat...Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are capable of modifying nutrient availability to favor the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. Microbial activities serve as critical roles for both carbon and nutrient transformation in BSCs. However, little is known about microbial activities and physical-chemical properties of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. In the present research, a sampling line with 1-m wide and 20-m long was set up in each of five typical interdune areas selected randomly in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Within each sampling line, samples of bare sand sheet, algal crusts, lichen crusts and moss crusts were randomly collected at the depth of 0-2 cm. Varia- tions of microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzyme activities and soil physical-chemical properties in different succession of BSCs were analyzed. The relationships between microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities and soil physical-chemical properties were explored by stepwise regression. Our results indicate that micro- algal biomass, microbial biomass and most of enzyme activities increased as the BSCs developed and their highest values occurred in lichen or moss crusts. Except for total K, the contents of most soil nutrients （organic C, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K） were the lowest in the bare sand sheet and significantly increased with the BSCs development, reaching their highest values in moss crusts. However, pH values significantly decreased as the BSCs developed. Significant and positive correlations were observed between chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C. Total P and N were positively associated with chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C, whereas there was a significant and negative correlation between microbial biomass and available P. The growth of cyanobacteria and microorganism contributed C and N in the soil, which offered substrates for enzyme activities thus increasing enzyme activities. Probably, improvement in enzyme activities increased soil fertility and promoted the growth of cyanobacteria, eukary- otic algae and heterotrophic microorganism, with the accelerating succession of BSCs. The present research found that microalgal-microbial biomass and enzyme activities played important roles on the contents of nutrients in the successional stages of BSCs and helped us to understand developmental mechanism in the succession of BSCs.展开更多
短命植物是荒漠生态系统重要的植物类群,其具有多样化的生境,且很多种类还具有异时萌发特性。植物生物量积累和分配能体现其对环境的响应与适应性特征,因此,研究不同环境条件下短命植物生物量分配格局有助于进一步了解短命植物的生存策...短命植物是荒漠生态系统重要的植物类群,其具有多样化的生境,且很多种类还具有异时萌发特性。植物生物量积累和分配能体现其对环境的响应与适应性特征,因此,研究不同环境条件下短命植物生物量分配格局有助于进一步了解短命植物的生存策略。以裸沙春萌(Bare Sand-Spring Germination,BS)、藻结皮春萌(Algal-Spring Germination,AS)、地衣结皮春萌(Lichen-Spring Germination,LS)3种自然结皮生境中萌发的尖喙牻牛儿苗春萌株及裸沙区夏季萌发(Summer Germination in Bare Sand,SG)的尖喙牻牛儿苗夏萌株为研究对象,采用全株挖掘法获取地上和地下生物量,系统对比分析了4个类型间植株生物量分配及异速生长关系的差异性,以探究其资源分配策略的变异性和保守型。结果表明:(1)尖喙牻牛儿苗单株地上、地下及总生物量总体表现为BS>AS>LS=SG的格局,其根冠比则呈SG=LS=AS>BS的特征。(2)BS和SG类型植株地上与地下生物量间为等速生长关系,而AS和LS生境为异速生长关系,但4个类型具有共同的异速生长指数(0.8843)。(3)AS和LS生境尖喙牻牛儿苗根冠比随个体增大均呈异速减小趋势,而BS和SG类型植株根冠比则保持相对恒定。可见,尖喙牻牛儿苗生物量分配会受到外界环境及个体发育的影响,并呈现明显的可塑性,在一定程度上反映了其资源分配的保守性与可塑性的权衡。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071041, U1203301)the West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (RCPY201101)
文摘Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are capable of modifying nutrient availability to favor the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. Microbial activities serve as critical roles for both carbon and nutrient transformation in BSCs. However, little is known about microbial activities and physical-chemical properties of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. In the present research, a sampling line with 1-m wide and 20-m long was set up in each of five typical interdune areas selected randomly in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Within each sampling line, samples of bare sand sheet, algal crusts, lichen crusts and moss crusts were randomly collected at the depth of 0-2 cm. Varia- tions of microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzyme activities and soil physical-chemical properties in different succession of BSCs were analyzed. The relationships between microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities and soil physical-chemical properties were explored by stepwise regression. Our results indicate that micro- algal biomass, microbial biomass and most of enzyme activities increased as the BSCs developed and their highest values occurred in lichen or moss crusts. Except for total K, the contents of most soil nutrients （organic C, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K） were the lowest in the bare sand sheet and significantly increased with the BSCs development, reaching their highest values in moss crusts. However, pH values significantly decreased as the BSCs developed. Significant and positive correlations were observed between chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C. Total P and N were positively associated with chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C, whereas there was a significant and negative correlation between microbial biomass and available P. The growth of cyanobacteria and microorganism contributed C and N in the soil, which offered substrates for enzyme activities thus increasing enzyme activities. Probably, improvement in enzyme activities increased soil fertility and promoted the growth of cyanobacteria, eukary- otic algae and heterotrophic microorganism, with the accelerating succession of BSCs. The present research found that microalgal-microbial biomass and enzyme activities played important roles on the contents of nutrients in the successional stages of BSCs and helped us to understand developmental mechanism in the succession of BSCs.
文摘短命植物是荒漠生态系统重要的植物类群,其具有多样化的生境,且很多种类还具有异时萌发特性。植物生物量积累和分配能体现其对环境的响应与适应性特征,因此,研究不同环境条件下短命植物生物量分配格局有助于进一步了解短命植物的生存策略。以裸沙春萌(Bare Sand-Spring Germination,BS)、藻结皮春萌(Algal-Spring Germination,AS)、地衣结皮春萌(Lichen-Spring Germination,LS)3种自然结皮生境中萌发的尖喙牻牛儿苗春萌株及裸沙区夏季萌发(Summer Germination in Bare Sand,SG)的尖喙牻牛儿苗夏萌株为研究对象,采用全株挖掘法获取地上和地下生物量,系统对比分析了4个类型间植株生物量分配及异速生长关系的差异性,以探究其资源分配策略的变异性和保守型。结果表明:(1)尖喙牻牛儿苗单株地上、地下及总生物量总体表现为BS>AS>LS=SG的格局,其根冠比则呈SG=LS=AS>BS的特征。(2)BS和SG类型植株地上与地下生物量间为等速生长关系,而AS和LS生境为异速生长关系,但4个类型具有共同的异速生长指数(0.8843)。(3)AS和LS生境尖喙牻牛儿苗根冠比随个体增大均呈异速减小趋势,而BS和SG类型植株根冠比则保持相对恒定。可见,尖喙牻牛儿苗生物量分配会受到外界环境及个体发育的影响,并呈现明显的可塑性,在一定程度上反映了其资源分配的保守性与可塑性的权衡。
