The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves t...The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).展开更多
An efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar(ET),the main by-product of the ethylene cracking unit,is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry.On the other hand,condensed polynuclear ar...An efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar(ET),the main by-product of the ethylene cracking unit,is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry.On the other hand,condensed polynuclear aromatic resin of moderate condensation degree(B-COPNA)is a widely used carbon material due to its superb processability,the production of which is,however,seriously limited by the high cost of raw materials.Under such context,an interesting strategy was proposed in this study for producing B-COPNA resin using crosslinked light fractions of ethylene tar(ETLF,boiling point<260℃)facilitated by molecular simulation.1,4-Benzenedimethanol(PXG)was first selected as the crosslinking agent according to the findings of molecular simulation.The effects of operating conditions,including reactions temperature,crosslinking agent,and catalyst content on the softening point and yield of B-COPNA resin products were then investigated to optimize the process.The reaction mechanism of resin production was studied by analyzing the molecular structure and transition state of ETLF and crosslinking agents.It was shown that PXG exhibited a superior capacity of withdrawing electrons and a higher electrophilic reactivity than other crosslinking agents.In addition to the highest yield and greatest heat properties,PXG-prepared resin contained the most condensed aromatics.The corresponding optimized conditions of resin preparation were 180℃,1:1.9(PXG:ETLF),and 3%(mass)of catalyst content with a resin yield of 78.57%.It was the electrophilic substitution reaction that occurred between the ETLF and crosslinking agent molecules that were responsible for the resin formation,according to the experimental characterization and molecular simulation.Hence,it was confirmed that the proposed strategy and demonstrated process can achieve a clean and high value-added utilization of ETLF via B-COPNA resin preparation,bringing huge economic value to the current petrochemical industry.展开更多
In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furn...In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”were subjected to thermogravimetric experiments,and the combustion characteristics and kinetic characteristics were analyzed.The result shows that“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”is has the lowest value on ignition characteristics,combustion characteristics and combustible stability;“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the lowest value and“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value on burnout characteristics;“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”has the lowest value on integrated combustion characteristics.展开更多
Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of coal.This study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derive...Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of coal.This study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derived from coal tar to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX).Various reaction conditions,including reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,space velocity,and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio,were systematically explored to optimize BTX yields while also considering the process’s economic feasibility.The results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature from 360℃ to 390℃ significantly favors the production of BTX,with yields increasing from 21.42%to 41.14%.Similarly,an increase in hydrogen pressure from 4 MPa to 6 MPa boosts BTX production,with yields rising from 36.31%to 41.14%.Reducing the space velocity from 2 h^(-1) to 0.5 h^(-1) also favors the BTX production process,with yields increasing from 37.96%to 45.13%.Furthermore,raising the hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio from 750 to 1500 improves BTX yields from 41.61%to 45.44%.Through economic analysis,the optimal conditions for BTX production were identified as a reaction temperature of 390℃,hydrogen pressure of 5-6 MPa,space velocity of 1 h^(-1),and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio of 1000,achieving a BTX yield of 43.73%.This investigation highlights the importance of a holistic evaluation of hydrocracking conditions to optimize BTX production.Furthermore,the findings offer valuable insights for the design and operation of industrial hydrocracking processes aimed at efficiently converting coal tar-derived hydrorefined feedstock into BTX.展开更多
Biomass,heralded as sustainable“green coal”,plays a crucial role in energy conservation and achieving“dual carbon”objectives through clean conversion.This paper reviews advancements in biomass catalytic gasificati...Biomass,heralded as sustainable“green coal”,plays a crucial role in energy conservation and achieving“dual carbon”objectives through clean conversion.This paper reviews advancements in biomass catalytic gasification,a technology pivotal for converting biomass to hydrogen-rich fuel and syngas.It highlights the efficiency gains afforded by various catalysts,including natural minerals,alkali metals,nickel-based compounds,zeolites,and rare earth-modified composites.The focus is on their influence on hydrogen output,syngas quality,and tar reduction.The synthesis of these insights paves the way for novel catalyst development and optimized gasification processes,hence advancing catalytic gasification technology toward more sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
Coal pyrolysis integrated with dry reforming of low-carbon alkane(CP-DRA)is an effective way to improve tar yield.Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) with a La/Zr ratio of 4 was a good catalyst for DRA to inhibit carbon deposition...Coal pyrolysis integrated with dry reforming of low-carbon alkane(CP-DRA)is an effective way to improve tar yield.Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) with a La/Zr ratio of 4 was a good catalyst for DRA to inhibit carbon deposition and obtain high tar yield in CP-DRA.In this study,the fraction distribution and component of tars from CP-DRA and coal pyrolysis in N_(2) atmosphere(CP-N_(2))were characterized by using several methods to understand the effect of DRA on coal pyrolysis.The isotope trace method was also used to discuss the role of low-carbon alkane in CP-DRA.The results showed that the tar from CP-N_(2)is mainly composed of aliphatic compounds with more C_(al),H_(al) and CH+CH_(2),and the tar from CP-DRA contains more Car,Har,and CH_(3),and has lower weight-average molecular weight and more light tar content than CP-N_(2).A small amount of C_(2)H_(6) addition in CP-DRA will raise the ratio of H_(β) and CH+CH_(2).Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis shows that the tar from CP-DRA has a higher radical concentration while the corresponding char has a lower radical concentration.The isotope trace experiment showed that alkanes provide·H,·CH_(3),etc.to stabilize the radicals from coal pyrolysis and result in more alkyl aromatic compounds during CP-DRA.展开更多
The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters th...The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters that included chelating ligand in the electrophoretic running buffer and sample solution, pH value and concentration of buffer were examined. Under optimum conditions (10mmol·l -1 NaH 2PO 4 Na 2HPO 4 buffer containing 1×10 -4 mol·l -1 TAR, pH 7 5), a baseline separation of these metals was accomplished within 3 min. The detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0 013—0 14 μg·ml -1 . The method was applied to analyze trace metal ions in the environmental samples.展开更多
基金in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.30560042,81160161,81360198,and 82160255Education Department of Jiangxi Province,Nos.GJJ13198 and GJJ170021+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.20192BAB205043Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20181019 and 202210002(all to RX)。
文摘The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China(22308104).
文摘An efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar(ET),the main by-product of the ethylene cracking unit,is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry.On the other hand,condensed polynuclear aromatic resin of moderate condensation degree(B-COPNA)is a widely used carbon material due to its superb processability,the production of which is,however,seriously limited by the high cost of raw materials.Under such context,an interesting strategy was proposed in this study for producing B-COPNA resin using crosslinked light fractions of ethylene tar(ETLF,boiling point<260℃)facilitated by molecular simulation.1,4-Benzenedimethanol(PXG)was first selected as the crosslinking agent according to the findings of molecular simulation.The effects of operating conditions,including reactions temperature,crosslinking agent,and catalyst content on the softening point and yield of B-COPNA resin products were then investigated to optimize the process.The reaction mechanism of resin production was studied by analyzing the molecular structure and transition state of ETLF and crosslinking agents.It was shown that PXG exhibited a superior capacity of withdrawing electrons and a higher electrophilic reactivity than other crosslinking agents.In addition to the highest yield and greatest heat properties,PXG-prepared resin contained the most condensed aromatics.The corresponding optimized conditions of resin preparation were 180℃,1:1.9(PXG:ETLF),and 3%(mass)of catalyst content with a resin yield of 78.57%.It was the electrophilic substitution reaction that occurred between the ETLF and crosslinking agent molecules that were responsible for the resin formation,according to the experimental characterization and molecular simulation.Hence,it was confirmed that the proposed strategy and demonstrated process can achieve a clean and high value-added utilization of ETLF via B-COPNA resin preparation,bringing huge economic value to the current petrochemical industry.
基金the Financial Supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ50224)2021–2022 Hunan Province Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Program Project(No.2021GK5046)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022JJ50013)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022JJ50041).
文摘In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”were subjected to thermogravimetric experiments,and the combustion characteristics and kinetic characteristics were analyzed.The result shows that“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”is has the lowest value on ignition characteristics,combustion characteristics and combustible stability;“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the lowest value and“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value on burnout characteristics;“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”has the lowest value on integrated combustion characteristics.
文摘Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of coal.This study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derived from coal tar to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX).Various reaction conditions,including reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,space velocity,and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio,were systematically explored to optimize BTX yields while also considering the process’s economic feasibility.The results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature from 360℃ to 390℃ significantly favors the production of BTX,with yields increasing from 21.42%to 41.14%.Similarly,an increase in hydrogen pressure from 4 MPa to 6 MPa boosts BTX production,with yields rising from 36.31%to 41.14%.Reducing the space velocity from 2 h^(-1) to 0.5 h^(-1) also favors the BTX production process,with yields increasing from 37.96%to 45.13%.Furthermore,raising the hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio from 750 to 1500 improves BTX yields from 41.61%to 45.44%.Through economic analysis,the optimal conditions for BTX production were identified as a reaction temperature of 390℃,hydrogen pressure of 5-6 MPa,space velocity of 1 h^(-1),and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio of 1000,achieving a BTX yield of 43.73%.This investigation highlights the importance of a holistic evaluation of hydrocracking conditions to optimize BTX production.Furthermore,the findings offer valuable insights for the design and operation of industrial hydrocracking processes aimed at efficiently converting coal tar-derived hydrorefined feedstock into BTX.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52160013,51768054)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"Grassland Talent"Science Fund Program(CYY012057)+2 种基金Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT22062)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2021LHMS05026)Inner Mongolia University Research Program(2023RCTD018,2023YXXS023,2024YXXS047).
文摘Biomass,heralded as sustainable“green coal”,plays a crucial role in energy conservation and achieving“dual carbon”objectives through clean conversion.This paper reviews advancements in biomass catalytic gasification,a technology pivotal for converting biomass to hydrogen-rich fuel and syngas.It highlights the efficiency gains afforded by various catalysts,including natural minerals,alkali metals,nickel-based compounds,zeolites,and rare earth-modified composites.The focus is on their influence on hydrogen output,syngas quality,and tar reduction.The synthesis of these insights paves the way for novel catalyst development and optimized gasification processes,hence advancing catalytic gasification technology toward more sustainable energy solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576046)the Innovation Team Support Program in Key Areas of the Dalian Science and Technology Bureau(2019RT10).
文摘Coal pyrolysis integrated with dry reforming of low-carbon alkane(CP-DRA)is an effective way to improve tar yield.Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) with a La/Zr ratio of 4 was a good catalyst for DRA to inhibit carbon deposition and obtain high tar yield in CP-DRA.In this study,the fraction distribution and component of tars from CP-DRA and coal pyrolysis in N_(2) atmosphere(CP-N_(2))were characterized by using several methods to understand the effect of DRA on coal pyrolysis.The isotope trace method was also used to discuss the role of low-carbon alkane in CP-DRA.The results showed that the tar from CP-N_(2)is mainly composed of aliphatic compounds with more C_(al),H_(al) and CH+CH_(2),and the tar from CP-DRA contains more Car,Har,and CH_(3),and has lower weight-average molecular weight and more light tar content than CP-N_(2).A small amount of C_(2)H_(6) addition in CP-DRA will raise the ratio of H_(β) and CH+CH_(2).Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis shows that the tar from CP-DRA has a higher radical concentration while the corresponding char has a lower radical concentration.The isotope trace experiment showed that alkanes provide·H,·CH_(3),etc.to stabilize the radicals from coal pyrolysis and result in more alkyl aromatic compounds during CP-DRA.
文摘The capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ in a phosphate buffer solution by complexing with 4 (2 thiazolylazo)resorcinol was investigated. The influences of some crucial parameters that included chelating ligand in the electrophoretic running buffer and sample solution, pH value and concentration of buffer were examined. Under optimum conditions (10mmol·l -1 NaH 2PO 4 Na 2HPO 4 buffer containing 1×10 -4 mol·l -1 TAR, pH 7 5), a baseline separation of these metals was accomplished within 3 min. The detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0 013—0 14 μg·ml -1 . The method was applied to analyze trace metal ions in the environmental samples.
