Super-hydrophobic characteristics of butterfly wing surface

Many biological surface are hydrophobic because of their complicated composition and surface microstructure. Eleven species (four families) of butterflies were selected to study their micro-, nano-structure and super-hydrophobic characteristic by means of Confocal Light Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Contact Angle Measurement. The contact an- gles of water droplets on the butterfly wing surface were consistently measured to be about 150 ? and 100 ? with and without the squamas, respectively. The dust on the surface can be easily cleaned by moving spherical droplets when the inclining angle is larger than 3 ?. It can be concluded that the butterfly wing surface possess a super-hydrophobic, water-repellent, self-cleaning, or “Lotus-effect”characteristic. The contact angle measurement of water droplets on the wing surface with and without the squamas showed that the water-repellent characteristic is a consequence of the microstructure of the squamas. Each water droplet (diameter 2 mm) can cover about 700 squamas with a size of 40 m×80 m of each squama. The regular riblets with a width of 1000 nm to 1500 nm are clearly observed on each single squama. Such nanostructure should play a very important role in their super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning characteristic.

Effects of Biomimetic Surface Designs on Furrow Opener Performance

The effects of biomimetic designs of tine furrow opener surface on equivalent pressure and pressure in the direction of motion on opener surface against soil were studied by finite element method (FEM) simulation and the effects of these designs on tool force and power requirements were examined experimentally.Geometrical structures of the cuticle surfaces of dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky) were examined by stereoscopy.The structures of the cuticle surfaces and Ultra High Mo- lecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) material were modeled on surface of tine furrow opener as biomimetic designs.Seven furrow openers were analyzed in ANSYS program (a FEM simulation software).The biomimetic furrow opener surfaces with UHMWPE structures were found to have lower equivalent pressure and pressure in the direction of motion as compared to the conventional surface and to the biomimetic surfaces with textured steel-35 structures.It was found that the tool force and power were increased with the cutting depth and operating speed and the biomimetic furrow opener with UHMWPE tubular section ridges showed the lowest resistance and power requirement against soil..

Wetting Behaviours of a Single Droplet on Biomimetic Micro Structured Surfaces

Natural surfaces with super hydrophobic properties often have micro or hierarchical structures.In this paper, the wettingbehaviours of a single droplet on biomimetic micro structured surfaces with different roughness parameters are investigated.Atheoretical model is proposed to study wetting transitions.The results of theoretical analysis are compared with those of experimentindicating that the proposed model can effectively predict the wetting transition.Furthermore, a numerical simulationbased on the meso scale Lattice Boltzmann Method （LBM） is performed to study dynamic contact angles, contact lines, andlocal velocity fields for the case that a droplet displays on the micro structured surface.A spherical water droplet with r= 15 μmfalls down to a biomimetic square-post patterned surface under the force of gravity with an initial velocity of 0.01 m·sand aninitial vertical distance of 20 μm from droplet centre to the top of pots.In spite of a higher initial velocity, the droplet can stillstay in a Cassie state; moreover, it reaches an equilibrium state at t≈17.5 ms, when contact angle is 153.16° which is slightlylower than the prediction of Cassie-Baxter’s equation which gives θ=154.40°.

Friction and Wear Study on Friction Pairs with a Biomimetic Non-smooth Surface of 316L Relative to CF/PEEK under a Seawater Lubricated Condition

Current studies of a seawater axial piston pump mainly solve the problems of corrosion and wear in a slipper pair by selecting materials with corrosion resistance, self-lubrication, and wear resistance. In addition, an appropriate biomimetic non-smooth surface design for the slipper pair can further improve the tribological behavior. In this paper, 316 L stainless steel and CF/PEEK were selected to process the upper and bottom specimens, and the biomimetic non-smooth surface was introduced into the interface between the friction pair. The friction and wear tests were performed on a MMD-5 A tester at a rotation speed of 1000 r/min and load of 200 N under seawater lubricated condition. The results indicate that the main friction form of the smooth surface friction pair corresponds to abrasive wear and adhesive wear and that it exhibits a friction coe cient of 0.05–0.07, a specimen temperature of 56 ℃, a high wear rate, and surface roughness. Pits on the non-smooth surface friction pairs produced hydrodynamic lubrication and reduced abrasive wear, and thus the plowing e ect is their main friction form. The non-smooth surface friction pairs exhibit a friction coe cient of 0.03–0.04, a specimen temperature of 48 ℃, a low wear rate, and surface roughness. The study has important theoretical significance for enriching the lubrication, friction, and wear theory of a seawater axial piston pump, and economic significance and military significance for promoting the marine development and the national defense military.

Effect of Thermal Fatigue Loading on Tensile Behavior of H13 Die Steel with Biomimetic Surface

Biomimetic surface is an effective ways to promote the performance grade and applied range of materials without alteringtheir substrate.Many improved properties such as resisting fatigue,enduring wear,etc,have been achieved by applyingbiomimetic morphology or structure to some engineering material surfaces.In this paper,aiming to reveal the relationshipbetween thermal cracking behavior and mechanical properties of engineering materials with biomimetic surface,biomimeticspecimens were fabricated using laser technique by imitating the heterogeneous structure on the surface of plant leaves.Theeffect of thermal fatigue cycling on the tensile properties of H13 die steel specimens with different surfaces (several types ofbiomimetic surfaces and a smooth surface) was compared and investigated.As a result,due to the coupling effects of themorphological features on the surface and the microstructure characteristics within unit zone,these specimens with biomimeticsurface exhibit remarkably enhanced Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and 0.2% Yield Strength (YS) compared with referencespecimens while corresponding ductility remains largely unaffected even heightened,whether the thermal fatigue loads or not.The relative mechanisms leading to these improvements have been discussed.

Bacterial Surface Layer Proteins: From Moonlighting to Biomimetics: A New Horizonto Lead

The landmark discovery of moonlighting proteins embarks the significant progress in understanding the biological complexity and their closed-circuit analysis. The growing continuum in the variety of moonlighting functions paved the way for further elucidation of structural-functional aspects of protein evolution and design of proteins with novel functions. Currently, the moonlighting functions in various adhesive properties of surface layer proteins, an essential component of cell surface architecture of archaea and all phylogenetic groups of eubacteria become more prominently recognized. The remarkable credentials of surface layer proteins to self-assemble into supramolecular structures at nano-scale dimension have been exploited for the production of smart biomaterials in the form of biomimetics has been thrust area of research. The finely tuned topological features in terms of shape, size, geometry and surface chemistry of surface layer proteins are crucial for the production of biomimetics. The current developments of biomimetic lipid bilayers and composite membranes find applicability in understanding the functional dynamism of evolutionary relationship of bacterial cell envelopes and vaccine development, drug development and drug delivery. Though the development of biomimetics embraces fascination but faces with technological challenges. The plethora of literature has been available for the moonlighting aspects and nano-technological applications separately but none of the review describes towards the rhythmic transition from moonlighting functions of surface layer proteins of bacteria to biomimetics development and applications. Therefore, this review describes certain basic aspects of moonlighting functions and their mechanism of action, surface layer proteins and their moonlighting functions of commensal bacteria and their transition towards biomimetics. The recent developments of biomimetics based on surface layer proteins have been summarized and also posited different challenges and future prospects.

Recent Advances in Computational Simulation of Macro-,Meso-,and Micro-Scale Biomimetics Related Fluid Flow Problems

Over the last decade, computational methods have been intensively applied to a variety of scientific researches and engineering designs. Although the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method has played a dominant role in studying and simulating transport phenomena involving fluid flow and heat and mass transfers, in recent years, other numerical methods for the simulations at meso- and micro-scales have also been actively applied to solve the physics of complex flow and fluid-interface interactions. This paper presents a review of recent advances in multi-scale computational simulation of biomimetics related fluid flow problems. The state-of-the-art numerical techniques, such as lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）, molecular dynamics （MD）, and conventional CFD, applied to different problems such as fish flow, electro-osmosis effect of earthworm motion, and self-cleaning hydrophobic surface, and the numerical approaches are introduced. The new challenging of modelling biomimetics problems in developing the physical conditions of self-clean hydrophobic surfaces is discussed.

Computer simulation of rolling wear on bionic non-smooth convex surfaces

The study of bionics has found that the skins of many burrow animals which live in soil and stone conditions have an anti wear function, and which is related to their body surfaces’non-smooth morphology. In the present study, bionic non-smooth surfaces are used in roll surface design, and roll models with convex non-smooth surfaces are developed. The rolling wear of non-smooth roll in steel rolling is simulated by the FEM software-ANSYS. The equivalent stress, the node friction stress, and the node contact pressure between the roll and the rolling piece are calculated; and the anti-wear mechanism is analyzed.

The Fabrication of Microstructure Surface of Superhydrophobic Coating by Surface Gelation Technology

The microstructured surface of materials were fabricated by a two-step acid-base catalyzed sol-gel process. In fluorinated polymer with PTFE doping, the well-proportioned composite sols were prepared using sol-gel processing under the hydrochloric acid and deficiency of water conditions. After the substrate was coated by composite sols, and the gelation treatment on the surface of composite coating, the micrometer-scale and nanometer-scale hierarchical structures were formed in surface layer of material. XPS and TEM technologies were employed to identify that the gelation occurs just on the surface of composite coating. The morphology of coating surface was observed by SEM and AFM technologies. The microstructured surface of material can be fabricated using this inexpensive and easily controlled method on low surface energy resin materials, the super-hydrophobic coatings materials can be prepared.

A Study on Adhesive Properties of Materials Based on Biomimetic Results of Gecko′s Feet

Many animals have a magic ability to move or hold on ceilings and walls because of the design of their adhesive pads. The experiments were carried out to study the effects of material properties (elastic modulus EM and chemical components CC) and contact geometry (surface roughness, connecting stiffness) on their adhesive properties. The adhesion of the lowest EM samples is the highest (15 kPa) and the surface roughness has strong effects on adhesion and the adhesion decreases to 1.5 kPa for the highest EM samples. The adhesive forces are heavily influenced by CC of polyurethane. Surface roughness heavily influences the adhesion and when the roughness is higher than R a 0.3 μm, the obtained adhesion of the samples is the same. The adhesion does not change with the normal forces when a sphere is used to contact with flat PU samples. But when the two matually contact surfaces are flat, the adhesion of a material increases with the normal load at first and then turns to slightly raise. The adhesion of them is the same for the contact angles from 1 to 3 degree when the samples are softly connected. But when they are adhesive hardly to each other the adhesion decreases with increase of the contact angle.

A Review: Natural Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Applications

As the mimic biology becomes more and more important in the field of technology, superhydrophobic materials in the natural world have also become common. Superhydrophobic surfaces are used to prevent water droplets from wetting themselves which contain the micro- and nano-structures named hierarchical surfaces and exhibit the high water contact angles (WCA) that are greater than 150˚and perfect application foreground in both our daily lives and industry. In this work, we first discuss several surface properties and their numerical models. And then we list the surface properties of a variety of natural superhydrophobic surfaces and sum up their similarities and differences. The most recent strategies of how to apply natural superhydrophobic surfaces are also introduced within the past several years. In addition, we talk about the limitations of the current generation of superhydrophobic surfaces and prospects which looks for solutions to the problems. This review aims to enable researchers to learn more about the principles and mechanisms of superhydrophobicity and perceive the new methods for creating and modifying it.

A biomimetic basementmembrane consisted of hybrid aligned nanofibers andmicrofibers with immobilized collagen IV and laminin for rapid endothelialization

Rapid formation of a continuous endothelial cell(EC)monolayer with healthy endothelium function on the luminal surface of vascular implants is imperative to improve the longtime patency of small-diameter vascular implants.In the present study,we combined the contact guidance effects of aligned nanofibers,which enhance EC adhesion and proliferation because of its similar fiber scale with native vascular basement membranes,and aligned microfibers,which could induce EC elongation effectively and allow ECs infiltration.It was followed by successive immobilization of collagen IV and laminin to fabricate a biomimetic basement membrane(BBM)with structural and compositional biomimicry.The hemolysis assay and platelet adhesion results showed that the BBM exhibited excellent hemocompatibility.Meanwhile,the adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)onto theBBMaligned along the orientation of the microfibers with an elongated morphology,and the data demonstrated that the BBM showed favorable effects on EC attachment,proliferation,and viability.The oriented EC monolayer formed on the BBM exhibited improved antithrombotic capability as indicated by higher production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin(PGI2).Furthermore,fluorescence images indicated that HUVECs could infiltrate into the BBM,implying theBBM’s ability to enhance transmural endothelialization.Hence,theBBMpossessed the properties to regulate ECbehaviors and allow transmural ingrowth,demonstrating the potential to be applied as the luminal surface of small-diameter vascular implants for rapid endothelialization.

环氧树脂-水凝胶软硬复合表界面各向异性摩擦研究

由取向微结构引起的各向异性摩擦学是生物系统中最常见的引起摩擦形式之一.而研究表明,软硬复合的生物表界面在获取各向异性摩擦力时更具有优势.因此,本研究中以最典型的钩状倒刺微结构为研究对象,结合3D打印先进制造技术,通过在仿生取向微结构表界面原位复合低模量的水凝胶材料,获得环氧树脂-水凝胶软硬复合表界面.研究结果表明,水凝胶在Fe^(3+)溶液中的配位交联6 h时,其模量为3.6 MPa,相对于环氧树脂(模量为13.6 MPa)为软材料.在5 N载荷下,仿生表界面正方向摩擦力为1.64 N,反方向摩擦力为3.44 N,其各向异性摩擦力最大差值可达1.80 N.本研究中对软硬复合的生物表界面具有一定的理论指导意义,有望在智能摩擦调控和软体机器人等方面发挥一定的作用.

组织工程治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离的适用技术

背景:股骨头坏死出现新月征是病情进程的“分水岭”,修复和稳定骨-软骨界面对阻止病情继续进展和预防股骨头塌陷尤为重要。利用组织工程学同步修复、整合骨-软骨界面具有潜在优势。目的:综述探讨解决股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在适宜技术。方法:检索1970年1月至2023年4月PubMed、Web of Science及中国知网、万方数据库中发表的相关文献,英文检索词:“Femoral head necrosis,Avascular necrosis of femoral head,Osteonecrosis of femoral head”等,中文检索词:“股骨头坏死,软骨下骨,软骨,软骨与软骨下骨整合”等,最终纳入114篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①结构缺陷、缺血缺氧环境、炎症因素和应力集中可能造成股骨头坏死软骨下分离现象,软骨下骨分离会造成塌陷进展,并且可能与保髋手术失败相关,利用组织工程支架实现支架与骨-软骨界面的整合是治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离的潜在方法之一。②目前的文献研究表明,多相、梯度支架和复合材料在促进骨、软骨细胞黏附与增殖,骨软骨基质的沉积方面均有提升,有助于支架与骨-软骨界面的整合,对治疗股骨头坏死软骨下分离有参考价值。③通过对支架表面进行修饰可以提高与界面整合的效率,但有各自不同的优缺点,提供不同环境的支架能够诱导同种间充质干细胞差异分化,有助于不同界面之间的整合。④未来有望应用于股骨头坏死软骨下分离的支架应为复合材料,具有梯度化和差异化的仿生结构,通过表面修饰和干细胞加载促进骨-软骨界面与支架的整合以实现治疗目的,但仍需进一步研究验证,而支架的降解速率与修复进度同步和不同界面之间的稳定性是未来需要解决的主要问题。

面向深空探测的仿生机器人研究综述

介绍了面向深空探测的仿生机器人的仿生原理、构型特征、性能参数等研究情况;对比分析了不同类型仿生结构的优缺点,例如躯体扭动型机器人运动自由度大但控制难度高、成熟度低,而支腿爬行型机器人结构刚度大但运动形式单一;提出了仿生机器人在深空着陆探测任务中涉及的仿生设计、材料科学、自主性控制等关键技术。在后续研究中,应重点关注能源管理、环境适应性设计等方面。上述研究结果,可为深空探测仿生机器人发展提供参考。

受猪笼草启发的仿生超滑表面研究进展

自然界中猪笼草的袋状叶片内壁呈多孔结构,能锁住其分泌的蜡状物质,受此启发,向粗糙基底灌注低表面能液体以形成稳定的润滑油层,进而制备出注液超滑表面,其比超疏水表面具有更耐久的疏液、自清洁、防附着等性能,成为当前研究的热点。基于此,该文介绍了仿生超滑表面的润湿理论及作用机制,综述了超滑表面构建技术策略,包括粗糙基底成形-润滑油灌注与粗糙基底成形-基底化学修饰-润滑油灌注2种典型的路径;全面总结了粗糙基底的制备方法,包括刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法、呼吸图法、水热法,并介绍了仿生超滑表面在油水分离、水雾收集、防腐蚀、液滴操控、防覆冰领域的应用进展;最后,对仿生超滑表面的发展前景进行了展望。

牡蛎蛋白酶解肽制备工艺优化及其对小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌和氧化应激的影响

为探究牡蛎在药食同源领域的研究与开发,本实验采用响应面法优化牡蛎蛋白酶解肽酶法制备工艺,并研究其对小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌和氧化应激的影响。以水解度为考察指标,采用仿生酶解法,在单因素实验的基础上,根据响应面分析法优化牡蛎蛋白酶解肽的制备工艺。同时构建过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的小鼠睾丸间质细胞(TM3)氧化损伤模型,通过细胞存活率、DAPI染色、睾酮(Testosterone,T)分泌量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量研究牡蛎蛋白酶解肽对TM3细胞睾酮分泌和氧化应激的影响。结果表明:牡蛎蛋白酶解肽的最佳酶解条件为:料液比1:10 g/mL、胃蛋白酶量为1.1%、酶解时间为1.0 h、胰蛋白酶量为2.1%、酶解时间3.1 h,此条件下的水解度为39.43%±0.42%。牡蛎蛋白酶解肽对H2O2诱导的TM3细胞均有不同程度的增殖活性,可显著(P<0.05)增加TM3细胞睾酮分泌量、SOD酶活力和降低(P<0.05)MDA含量,并且在牡蛎蛋白酶解肽物质量浓度为200μg/mL时效果最好。综上所述,响应面法优化酶解工艺有效可行,牡蛎蛋白酶解肽可极显著的促进TM3细胞增殖,促进睾酮分泌量,增加SOD酶活力,降低MDA含量(P<0.01)。

珍珠母肽酶解工艺的优化及对人肝癌细胞HepG2能量代谢的影响

该研究以水解度为指标,仿生酶用量、提取时间、提取温度为条件因素,设计Box-Behnken响应方案,对珍珠母肽酶解条件进行优化;同时研究其不同质量浓度的珍珠母肽对HepG2肝癌细胞的抑制作用的影响。最佳酶解工艺条件为:温度55℃,调节pH值为2.0,加入胃蛋白酶质量分数1%,酶解2.6 h后,pH值调节为8.0,加入胰蛋白酶质量分数1.7%,酶解3 h,此时珍珠母肽水解度为31.21%;基于此酶解条件获得珍珠母肽进行对肝癌细胞抑制作用,研究实验结果显示不同质量浓度珍珠母肽(12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL)与氯化钴(CoCl_(2))诱导的HepG2肝癌细胞缺氧模型相比较,均可抑制细胞存活率,珍珠母肽中氨基酸结果显示,精氨酸可能参与抑制肝癌细胞增殖,从能量代谢的角度说明珍珠母肽可通过减少三磷酸腺苷的生成和降低乳酸、己糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶能量代谢关键酶活力达到抑制HepG2细胞增殖的目的,可为珍珠母肽的制备工艺提供参考,为其开发利用提供一定的理论基础。

国内外犁铧减粘耐磨研究现状与展望

犁铧作为一种典型的农耕触土部件,其主要功能是对土壤进行翻耕,起到松土、碎土的作用。犁铧等农耕触土部件在作业时易出现土壤粘附、部件磨损等现象,这些现象是增大农耕触土部件作业阻力,造成其失效与报废的重要原因,因此如何提升犁铧等农耕触土部件的减粘耐磨性能,是一项亟待解决的技术难题。简述了土壤对金属的黏附机理和磨损机制,归纳总结了几种可提升犁铧等农耕触土部件减粘耐磨性能的技术手段,并对我国犁铧等农耕触土部件的发展提出展望。

Biomimetic Hydrophobic Surfaces with Low or High Adhesion Based on Poly（vinyl alcohol） and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Superhydrophobic surfaces are often found in nature, such as plant leaves and insect wings. Inspired by superhydrophobic phenomenon of the rose petals and the lotus leaves, biomimetic hydrophnbic surfaces with high or low adhesion were prepared with a facile drop-coating approach in this paper. Poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） was used as adhesive and SiO2 nanoparticles were used to fabricate surface micro-structure. Stearic acid or dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxysilane （DFTMS） were used as low surface energy materials to modify the prepared PVA/SiO2 coating surfaces. The effects of size of SiO2 nanoparticles, concentration of SiO2 nanoparticle suspensions and the modifications on the wettability of the surface were investigated. The morphology of the PVA/SiO2 coating surfaces was observed by using scanning electron microscope. Water contact angle of the obtained superhydrophilic surface could reach to 3°. Stearic acid modified PVA/SiO2 coating surfaces showed hydrophobicity with high adhesion. By mixing the SiO2 nanoparticles with sizes of 40 nm and 200 nm and modifying with DFTMS, water contact angle of the obtained coating surface could be up to 155° and slide angle was only 5°. This work provides a facile and useful method to control surface wettability through changing the roughness and chemical composition of a surface.