Effects of Different Application Rates of Bioorganic Fertilizer on the Growth of Spinach in a Short Term

[Objectives]This study was conducted to promote the rational use of bioorganic fertilizers.[Methods]Stanley bioorganic fertilizer was selected to investigate the laws and characteristics of the effects of bioorganic fertilizer on spinach growth with different application rates in a short term and found out the precise application rate.[Results]As the application rate of bioorganic fertilizer increasing,the emergence rate of spinach decreased.The total weights and leaf areas of spinach plants treated with different application rates of bioorganic fertilizers were all higher than those of the control check(CK).The total weights and leaf areas of spinach plants applied with bioorganic fertilizer at different rates were all higher than those of the CK.The total weight of spinach plants increased linearly with the application rate of bioorganic fertilizer increasing among treatments,while the leaf area fluctuated with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer concentration among various treatments.The average root volumes and average diameters of treatments applied with bioorganic fertilizer at different rates were all higher than those in the CK,but the average root length showed a different trend.The average root length was higher in the CK than in various bioorganic fertilizer treatments in the early growth period,but the differences of various treatments from the CK gradually decreased in the middle period,and in the later period,the root length of spinach treated with organic fertilizer gradually exceeded the CK.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of bioorganic fertilizers in spinach production.

Advances in bioorganic molecules inspired degradation and surface modifications on Mg and its alloys

Mg alloys possess biodegradability,suitable mechanical properties,and biocompatibility,which make them possible to be used as biodegradable implants.However,the uncontrollable degradation of Mg alloys limits their general applications.In addition to the factors from the metallic materials themselves,like alloy compositions,heat treatment process and microstructure,some external factors,relating to the test/service environment,also affect the degradation rate of Mg alloys,such as inorganic salts,bioorganic small molecules,bioorganic macromolecules.The influence of bioorganic molecules on Mg corrosion and its protection has attracted more and more attentions.In this work,the cutting-edge advances in the influence of bioorganic molecules(i.e.,protein,glucose,amino acids,vitamins and polypeptide)and their coupling effect on Mg degradation and the formation of protection coatings were reviewed.The research orientations of biomedical Mg alloys in exploring degradation mechanisms in vitro were proposed,and the impact of bioorganic molecules on the protective approaches were also explored.

Selenium-enriched and ordinary green tea extracts prevent high blood pressure and alter gut microbiota composition of hypertensive rats caused by high-salt diet

High-salt diet is well recognized as a risk factor for hypertension,and dietary intervention plays a critical role in the prevention of hypertension.The current study investigated the effects of selenium-enriched green tea(Se-GT)and ordinary green tea(GT)on prevention of hypertension of rats induced by high-salt diet,as well as their potential regulatory and mechanism.Our results showed that GT and Se-GT supplementations significantly prevented the increase of blood pressure(BP),activated the phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,and regulated the gene expression related to BP,as well as improved the tissue damage like heart,liver,and kidneys.Besides,the key parameters associated with oxidative stress,inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were also altered by GT and Se-GT treatments.Importantly,GT or Se-GT administration adjusted the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora.Moreover,GT and Se-GT supplementations increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria.More specifically,GT intake specifically and significantly enriched the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides,whereas Se-GT was characterized by specific and significant enrichment for Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium.Our results proved that dietary supplement of GT and Se-GT remarkably improved the vascular functions and effectively prevented tissue damage by regulation of intestinal flora,and thus preventing hypertension induced by high-salt diet.

Bioorganic Municipal Waste Management to Deploy a Sustainable Solid Waste Disposal Practice in China

The utilization of bioorganic municipal waste (BMW) is considered essentially for the further development of integrated waste management practice in China. Awareness and knowledge about the importance of BMW management and source separation of waste on household level, as a precondition for the implementation of an economically feasible integrated waste management infrastructure, were developed in Europe during the last decade. The Sino–German RRUBMW Project is facilitating applied research investigations in 4 pilot areas in Shenyang to assess the population’s behavior to develop the design criteria for appropriate process technologies and to provide the basis to adopt BMW management policy in China.

Research on Strategies for the Development of Selenium-enriched Tea in Ankang City of Shaanxi Province in the Context of Targeted Poverty Alleviation

As an important symbol of agricultural and sideline products in Ankang City,selenium-enriched tea affects the development of regional agricultural and sideline industries.In this paper,the development status and problems of the selenium-enriched tea products of Ankang were analyzed in terms of capital,technology,management and sales mode.This research is of positive significance to the development of selenium-enriched products and other agricultural and sideline products of health value,and plays a very important role in promoting the cultivation of village-level characteristic industries and the effective realization of targeted poverty alleviation.

Study on Extraction Method of Selenium-enriched Rice

[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.

Analysis of Influencing Factors in Production of Selenium-enriched Eggs

Selenium is an essential trace element for human health.Eating selenium-enriched eggs is conducive to easily and effectively solving the problem of selenium deficiency.In the production process of selenium-enriched eggs,different selenium sources,additive doses,feeding time,and the addition of other vitamins,trace elements,and methionine in the diet will influence the deposition of selenium in eggs.Through this review,it is intended to provide a reference for the practical,safe and economical production of selenium-enriched eggs.

Recommendations for Sustainable Development of Selenium-enriched Functional Agriculture in Guangxi under the New Normal

Taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the guiding principle,this paper introduced the principles of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing. Based on gifted advantages of selenium-enriched soil and selenium-enriched industry development in Guangxi,it discussed current practice,stressed green,ecological,characteristic demonstration,transformation and upgrading,and targeted poverty alleviation. Finally,it came up with perspective,practical,and operational strategies and recommendations for development of selenium-enriched industry,to provide reference for sustainable development of selenium-enriched functional industry in Guangxi.

Effect of Soil Selenium on Nutritional Quality of Vegetables in the Selenium-enriched Areas of Qinghai Plateau

In order to improve the added value of the main vegetable products in Qinghai Province,we researched the effect of soil selenium content on vegetable quality in selenium-enriched area of Qinghai. Through the analysis of Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content and5 kinds of main vegetables corresponds to the total selenium,part of the mineral elements and soluble sugar and VC content,the effects of soil selenium levels on selenium absorption and nourishment quality of vegetables were researched. The results showed that he Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content in the range of 100. 00-563. 00 μg/kg,among them,the soil samples with sufficient selenium and rich selenium accounted for 76. 53% and 18. 88%,respectively. Soil selenium content of garlic sampling area was relatively high,and soil selenium content of sugar beet sampling area was relatively low. Vegetable selenium content was in the range of 11. 00-340. 94 μg/kg,the average content of total selenium content of garlic was up to 170. 40 μg/kg,and the average content of the total selenium content of radish is 73. 00 μg/kg.90. 63% of the vegetables in the region reached the level of sufficient selenium,and 70. 31% reached the level of selenium enrichment. The average content of Ca and Mg was higher than the national average. There was no significant correlation between selenium content of soil and vegetable and nutritional quality.

化肥减施条件下木霉生物有机肥对茄子生长和品质的影响

以茄子为供试材料,设置4个处理:不施用任何肥料(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、较常规施肥减施30%化肥(T2)和较常规施肥减施30%化肥+木霉生物有机肥(T3),研究了木霉生物有机肥对茄子生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3处理的株高和茎粗高于T2处理,其中株高差异达到显著水平;产量方面,T1≈T3>T2>CK,T1、T2和T3处理的产量较CK处理分别增加23.90%、14.27%、20.19%,T3处理的产量较T2处理增加5.18%;T3处理的可溶性蛋白含量显著高于其他各个处理,且与T2处理相比,VC含量显著提高;经济效益方面,与T2处理相比,T3处理每公顷收益增加8769.60元。主成分分析结果显示,不同处理下茄子的综合生长及品质排序为:T3>T1>T2>CK,木霉生物有机肥替代30%化肥处理综合评价最高。聚类分析将4个处理分成3类,T1处理和T3处理归为一类,T1处理生长指标好,有最高的株高、茎粗和产量,T3处理品质指标优异,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和VC含量最高,两者综合评价得分相近。综上,木霉生物有机肥替代30%化肥不仅能够有效提高茄子的株高、茎粗,而且还能显著提高茄子的可溶性蛋白和VC含量,有效改善茄子的品质,同时对于增加茄子产量和经济效益也效果明显。

轮作与配施有机肥对菠萝生长、果实品质及产量的影响

通过田间试验,研究轮作与配施有机肥对菠萝生长、果实品质与产量的影响。结果表明:与菠萝连作(PP)处理相比,菠萝连作配施生物有机肥(PPB)、菠萝-甘蔗轮作(PS)、菠萝-甘蔗轮作配施生物有机肥(PSB)处理可显著促进菠萝生长、提高果实产量和品质。在植株生长方面,PPB、PS及PSB处理对叶长、叶宽及叶片数有显著的促进作用;在果实外观方面,果实纵径、横径、果眼数、果肉厚度、果肉厚度/果心直径比显著增加,而顶芽高与果心直径显著下降;在果实品质方面,可溶性固形物、维生素C及可溶性糖含量显著提高,可滴定酸含量明显降低;在产量方面,平均单果质量分别显著增加32.61%、51.09%和71.74%,总产量分别显著增加14.74%、34.58%和48.28%。此外,PSB处理的产量、果实性状及品质指标显著高于PPB处理,且优于PS处理。建议当地发展菠萝时,可在菠萝-甘蔗轮作基础上,适当配施生物有机肥。

γ-聚谷氨酸生物有机肥制备及其对土壤营养和青菜品质的影响

为提高农业资源利用价值,发展可持续农业,本研究基于产γ-聚谷氨酸的枯草芽孢杆菌A-5制备一种γ-聚谷氨酸生物有机肥。制备过程为:(1)将秸秆风干粉碎后与畜禽粪便、豆粕、味精废液混匀,得到发酵基质,所述畜禽粪便、秸秆、豆粕和味精废液的质量比为4~8∶4~8∶1~4∶0~1;(2)将枯草芽孢杆菌A-5种子接种液接入所述发酵基质中,混匀发酵,得到所述γ-聚谷氨酸生物有机肥。采用大田小区试验研究其对小青菜的促生作用及在降低作物热害中的应用。结果显示,本研究的γ-聚谷氨酸生物有机肥利用农业废弃物作为发酵基质,成本低廉,能够促进作物养分吸收、增产提质、改善土壤理化性质,并提高作物的对高温天气的抗逆性。

不同比例桑黄菌渣制备的生物有机肥综合质量评价

桑黄菌渣富含糖类、蛋白质、有机质、生物酶和有机酸等多种成分,是优质的生物有机肥制备原料。为研究桑黄菌渣不同添加量对制备生物有机肥质量的影响,选取5个正向指标(有机质、总氮、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O、腐殖酸)和4个负向指标(总砷、总汞、总铅、总镉),对不同处理制备的生物有机肥进行综合质量评价。结果表明,7个处理生物有机肥样品的9个指标均符合标准要求,有效可用;7个处理制备的生物有机肥养分含量间存在极显著差异,桑黄菌渣95%+菜籽饼5%制备的生物有机肥养分指数最高,综合质量最优;桑黄菌渣制备生物有机肥优势显著,可作为生物有机肥料基质,同时配一定比例的菜籽饼效果更佳。

生物有机肥配施改良剂对滨海盐土的改良效果研究

土壤盐渍化是限制滨海地区生态环境及农业经济发展的关键因素。为提高滨海盐土的土壤生产力,探索适宜于滨海盐土改良的有效措施,以滨海盐渍稻田土为研究对象,设计不同物料组合添加,分析有机肥、有机肥+禾康、有机肥+黑里俏、有机肥+黄腐酸钾、对照处理下的土壤基本理化性状的变化及其对水稻产量影响。结果表明:不同有机无机处理的表层土壤[质量]密度降低了3.9%~11.4%,土壤孔隙度增加了7%~44%;土壤pH值和盐分含量最低的为有机肥+禾康处理。有机物料添加提高了土壤养分含量,有机肥+禾康处理的SOC、AN、AP含量均显著高于其他处理,而有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的AK含量最高(294 mg·kg^(-1));与CK对比,有机无机处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高19%~38%,其中有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于其他处理。不同处理水稻产量在9030~10699 kg·hm^(-2)之间,相比较于对照增加了4.5%~18.4%,其中有机肥+茎腐酸钾处理的水稻产量和千粒质量最高。基于RDA分析,认为土壤孔隙度和氮素是影响水稻产量的主要因素,影响率分别为39.1%、21.1%。综合分析得出,不同物料组合模式中有机肥+禾康和有机肥+黄腐酸钾的改良效果较优。

生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响

不合理施肥导致土壤退化和产出下降,废弃物处理则关系到环境和资源可持续发展。生物有机肥在植物促生和土壤培肥方面优势突出,有利于资源高效利用、减施化肥和蔬菜产业发展。本研究通过向中药渣有机肥中分别接种地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌后发酵制备试验用生物有机肥,开展生菜温室盆栽试验,探究不同生物有机肥配施化肥对生菜生长和土壤环境的影响。设置6个处理,分别为3种生物有机肥替代80%化肥氮处理[地衣芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B1H)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B2H)、巨大芽孢杆菌+中药渣有机肥+化肥(B4H)]、1种有机肥替代80%化肥氮处理[中药渣有机肥+化肥(H)]和单施化肥处理(CF)以及不施肥处理(CK)。测定和分析收获期生物量和品质等生菜生长指标以及理化性质和细菌多样性等土壤环境指标。结果发现:各施肥处理对生菜综合增产提质效果以及对土壤养分环境的综合改善效果排序均为B4H>B2H>B1H>H>CF>CK,与H相比,B4H的生菜地上部鲜重以及叶绿素、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别提高10.69%、17.77%、47.54%和10.95%,硝酸盐含量降低52.00%,土壤有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、微生物量碳(MBC)和水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别提高47.57%、10.98%、35.54%和16.10%,根际土细菌物种丰富度和多样性也分别提高7.68%和0.85%。土壤AP、AK和AN是生菜生长的主要影响因子,pH、AP和AK则是土壤细菌群落的主要调控因子,土壤中这些关键因子对优化施肥的响应间接调节了生菜生长和土壤环境。施肥有助于提高生菜根际土细菌Alpha多样性,较高的根际土细菌Alpha多样性对生菜生长表现出促进作用。总的来说,B4H对生菜生长和土壤环境的改善效果最佳,可通过大田试验对其促生培肥功效和环境效应作进一步探究。本研究为蔬菜和生物有机肥产业发展提供了新的理论支持,有利于绿色可持续发展战略实施。

褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对盐碱土改良和向日葵产量的影响

土壤盐碱化是中国西北干旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键制约因素之一。为探讨联合施用褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良的效果,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析了褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对种植向日葵的盐碱农田土壤理化性质和水肥利用效率的影响。试验设置了6个处理:只施用化肥的对照处理(CK)、只施用2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥的处理(LBF),以及4个褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用的处理,即在施用2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥基础之上再分别施用5(LBF+F5)、10(LBF+F10)、15(LBF+F15)、20(LBF+F20)t/hm^(2)脱硫石膏。结果表明:在0~40 cm土层,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用显著改变了土壤盐分组成,增加了土壤中可溶性Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)和Mg^(2+)的含量,降低了可溶性Na^(+)、CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)的含量。与对照处理相比,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用处理使0~20 cm土层土壤pH值和碱化度分别降低了0.29~0.88和18.34%~43.42%,有机质含量增加了39.89%~131.65%。此外,褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤团聚体稳定性,但过高的脱硫石膏施用量(≥15 t/hm^(2))会显著增加土壤盐分含量。总体而言,2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥与10 t/hm^(2)脱硫石膏联合施用时对改善盐碱土壤理化性质的效果最显著,并可获得最高产量和水氮利用效率。与对照处理相比,其向日葵产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高44.45%、44.62%和80.46%。研究结果为河套灌区盐碱农田土壤改良与产能提升提供科学依据和参考。

Advances in selenium supplementation:From selenium-enriched yeast to potential selenium-enriched insects,and selenium nanoparticles

Selenium(Se)is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in animal and human development and physiological homoeostasis.This review surveys the role of Se in the environment,plants and animal bodies,and discusses data on Se biofortification with different sources of supplementation,from inorganic to organic forms,with special focus on Se-enriched yeast(Se-yeast).Although Se-yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se,other emerging and innovative sources are reviewed,such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles and their potential use in animal nutrition.Se-enriched insects are discussed as an option for supplying Se in organic form to livestock diets.Se-nanoparticles are also discussed,as they represent a more biocompatible and less toxic source of inorganic Se for animal organisms,compared to selenite and selenate.We also provide up to date information on the legal framework in the EU,USA,and Canada of Se that is contained in feed additives.From the scientific evidence available in the literature,it can be concluded that among the inorganic forms,sodium selenite is still one of the main options,whereas Se-yeast remains the primary organic form.However,other potential sources such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles are being investigated as they could potentially combine a high bioavailability and reduced Se emissions in the environment.

生物有机肥替代化肥对土壤及荠菜产量、品质的影响

为明确生物有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分、酶活性和荠菜产量、品质的影响,解决因过量施用化肥导致的问题。采取有机氮(生物有机肥中氮)等量替代化肥氮(复合肥),不设磷和钾等量替代处理。共设6个处理:100%复合肥900 kg·hm^(-2)(CK),有机氮替代化肥氮20%(T1)、40%(T2)、60%(T3)、80%(T4)、100%(T5)。结果表明,随着有机氮替代化肥氮比例的增加,荠菜采收后土壤有机质不断增加,而氮、磷、钾含量及土壤酶活性先增加后减少,综合评价T1、T2、T3、T4处理均能提高土壤养分含量、改善土壤酶活性,T2处理综合效果最佳。同时,T1、T2、T3、T4处理荠菜产量比CK增加2.21%~22.11%,T2处理产量最高,达19 920.0 kg·hm^(-2),且提升品质综合效果最好。生物有机肥部分替代化肥可以提高土壤肥力,增加荠菜产量、提升品质,生物有机肥氮替代40%化肥氮为适宜用量。

微生态制剂改良土壤对凋萎病杨梅营养生长和果实品质的作用

凋萎病是近年来危害杨梅产业的主要病害,为研究微生态制剂对凋萎病杨梅营养生长和果实品质的影响,设置抗重茬微生态制剂、土壤调理剂、生物有机肥以及不同组合处理进行试验,常规管理为对照。结果表明,各处理均显著促进梢长、梢粗、叶长、叶宽,显著降低果实可滴定酸含量。其中抗重茬微生态制剂处理的梢长、梢粗和叶长分别比对照增加122.92%、19.80%和18.94%,果实可溶性固形物和总糖分别增加9.98%和19.04%,表现最优;生物有机肥处理的叶宽比对照增加15.99%,表现最优。土壤调理剂处理的果实可滴定酸含量比对照降低51.16%,为最低。综上所述,所有处理中单施用抗重茬微生态制剂的杨梅营养生长和果实品质最好,抗重茬微生态制剂值得在杨梅产业上大力推广用于改良凋萎病杨梅的营养生长和果实品质。

生物有机肥喷施对水稻的生长效应

为了研究生物有机肥对水稻的生长效应,设置生物有机肥不同浓度,在水稻上进行喷施试验。结果表明:综合考虑水稻单株有效分蘖数、穗实粒数、千粒重、单株谷粒重及产量,以生物有机肥500倍液喷施处理效果最佳。