Acanthomorph Biostratigraphic Succession of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the East Yangtze Gorges,South China

Large acanthomorphic acritarchs have been found in chert of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation at several localities in South China, including the East Yangtze Gorges of Hubei Province,Weng＇an area of Guizhou Province, and elsewhere. However, their potential for biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of Ediacaran successions is limited by facies control, taphonomic biases,and taxonomic problems. In the Yangtze Gorges, the Doushantuo Formation is generally subdivided into four lithologic members. However, in the Weng＇an area, the Doushantuo Formation comprises just a lower and upper part separated by a mid-Doushantuo erosional surface. In the Yangtze Gorges at the Zhangcunping section, the Doushantuo succession is similar to that at Weng＇an. So far, the correlation between the Yangtze Gorges and Weng＇an area, and elsewhere has been an issue of debate. To resolvethe debate, we selected eight sections in the Yangtze Gorges area and systemically sampled chert nodules of the Doushantuo Formation, focusing in particular on the upper Doushantuo Formation. Our data confirm two different assemblages appearing separately in the second and third members, which are separated by a negative δ13C excursion （EN2）. The lower assemblage is characterized by Tianzhushania and a diverse suite of large acanthomorphic acritarchs. The upper assemblage is distinguished from the lower assemblage, by （1） absence of Tianzhushania; （2） occurrence of abundant,100-150 μm, smooth-walled spherical microfossils; （3） occurrence of highly diverse acanthomorphic acritarchs including species extending from the second member and new forms in this member; （4）occurrence of unnamed new forms of protist; and （5） occurrence of the tubular microfossil Sinocyclocylicus guizhouensis. Since the Tianzhushania-dominated assemblage is not present in Australia, it seems that only the upper acanthomorph assemblage is present and thus the lower Doushantuo acanthomorph assemblage is missing in Australia.

Two Species of Zosterophyllum from South China and Dating of the Xujiachong Formation with a Biostratigraphic Method

ZosterophyUum longa sp. nov. is reported from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation, Jiangyou District, northern Sichuan of China. This new plant has vertically elongate sporangia differing from all known species of Zosterophyllum, demonstrating morphological variations in Zosterophyllophytina. New materials of Zosterophyllum yunnanicum from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, Qujing District, eastern Yunnan of China show that fertile axes of this species are anisotomous or pseudomonopodial or K-shaped in branching. Sometimes fertile lateral axes are very short and bear an axillary axis at the dividing point. Distinct thickening occurs along the whole margin of a sporangium, with sporangial lobes undeveloped. The evolution of ZosterophyUum is tentatively discussed. A biostratigraphic method of Gerrienne and Streel is introduced and applied to dating of the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, which is considered as of the late Pragian-early Emsian.

Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions

Ordovician black shales are widely distributed in the Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions,and some of them may serve as potential hydrocarbon source rocks.The present study of the Ordovician graptolite fauna from these shales,together with the yielded conodonts and chitinozoans etc.,permits a refined correlation of the rocks.Based mainly on a new collecting of the graptolites and a study of the faunas in Kalpin and Kuruktag regions,and the successful identification of the new graptolite material from a few drill cores within the basin,we are able to update our knowledge of the Ordovician in the regions,and draw some conclusions:(1) The most widespread distribution of the black shales in the Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions,which correspond to the Nemagraptus gracilis Zone,may be related to a global sea-level rise during this time interval.(2) Black shales of Ordovician occur most frequently and extensively in the Kuruktag(also spelled as Quruq Tagh) region in east-ern Tianshan Mountains,spanning Tremadocian to mid-Katian(D.spiniferus Zone) temporally and extending southeastwards into Manjiaer Depression.The black shales of the D.spiniferus Zone may even extend into the central Tarim Basin.(3) Three different bio-and litho-facies belts(Bachu:carbonate platform and reef belt;Kalpin-Aksu:marginal platform and upper slope belt;Wushi:slope belt) are recognized in the northwestern Tarim Basin.(4) The internationally well-correlated Saergan black shale,which has been considered to possess high potential for hydrocarbon source rock,may possess a restricted distribution in the Kalpin and Aksu areas.

Biostratigraphical significance of the Devonian Sinoleperditiini(Ostracoda)

The Tribe Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda), which is mainly distributed in South China and its adjacent areas, is a single natural group of the Leperditiidae, characterized by the development of a trailing chevron muscle scar. This tribe is known only from the Devonian and ranges through most of the Devonian. The evolutionary trends within the Sinoleperditiini have been well documented and are exemplified by changes in the trailing chevron muscle scar. The main evolutionary change is a tendency of the trailing chevron muscle scar to extend ventrally through time, as demonstrated by the increasing ratio (th/ah) of the vertical height of the trailing chevron muscle scar (th) to that of the adductor muscle scar (ah). The recent discovery of a sinoleperditiine assemblage (th/ah values available) in the middle-upper Lower Emsian Shanglun Formation allows to propose a sinoleperditiine biostratigraphical sequence for the Devonian. This sequence contains 11 assemblages (th/ah value available for each assemblage), which cover all the 7 Devonian stages and some substages. This sequence is particularly useful for correlating and dating Devonian rocks in the littoral clastic, lagoonal and restricted or semirestricted car-bonate platform facies where these ostracodes are most abundant and other fossils are un-common.

Roadian-Wordian(Middle Permian)Conodont Biostratigraphy,Sedimentary Facies and Paleotemperature Evolution at the Shuixiakou Section,Xikou Area,Southeastern Qinling Region,China

Focusing on the Shuixiakou Section(Xikou area,Zhen’an County,Shaanxi Province,southeastern Qinling region,China),the Roadian-Wordian conodonts are investigated.More than 2000 conodont elements including 6 genera and 14 species have been obtained.Based on these materials,the Guadalupian Jinogondolella nankingensis and J.aserrata zones have been recognized.The Roadian-Wordian boundary is tentatively defined by the first occurrence of J.aserrata in the lower part of UnitⅢin the Shuixiakou Formation.The sedimentary succession of Xikou area records similar sea-level changes to those observed in Laibin area(South China).The 40 m-thick bioclastic limestone of UnitⅣin this section can be correlated with the reefs of Bed 114 in Laibin area.A temperature drop indicated byδ18Oapatite values suggests this Wordian interval coincides with a period of glaciation and global regression.

华南埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展

本文重点介绍华南地区埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展:(1)贵州江口陡山沱组上部黑色页岩中发现保存完美的八辐射螺旋结构的埃迪卡拉型动物化石——八臂仙母虫,首次确立陡山沱组上部庙河生物群层位有埃迪卡拉型动物化石的存在,为该层位与澳大利亚典型埃迪卡拉动物群层位对比提供了重要证据。(2)陡山沱组第二段首次发现有饰天柱山藻,确立了陡山沱组中下部出现的以Tianzhushania属为特征的具刺疑源类下组合带,为同期地层的对比提供了新依据。(3)在峡东地区陡山沱组第三段发现以Tanarium属为特征的具刺疑源类上组合带,它们与断面呈圆形和方形的管状化石共生,层位稳定,分布广泛。这些新古生物的发现,不仅进一步完善了我国埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组的生物地层序列,而且为解决全球埃迪卡拉系划分和对比提供了可靠的古生物依据。

中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线及其国际地层对比——以冀北—辽西地区侏罗系—白垩纪年代地层为例

冀北—辽西地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类生物化石丰富,并夹有火山岩,是利用岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系\白垩系界线的理想地区。冀北滦平盆地侏罗系\白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组,辽西义县—北票地区侏罗系\白垩系界线附近的地层为土城子组和义县组。大店子组含有孢粉Cicatricosisporites-Luanpingspora-Jugella组合;介形类Yanshanina-Cypridea-Rhinocypris组合,Cypridea-Yanshanina-Timiriasevia组合,Cypridea sulcata亚组合和叶肢介Eosestheria-Abrestheria组合等各类化石,这些生物组合与国内、外的对比,尤其是孢粉和介形类与英、法、德、俄和加拿大等地相关地层同类化石组合的对比,其时代为早白垩世早期(Berriasian)。辽宁西部义县组下部的孢粉、介形类和叶肢介与国内、外的对比,也得出与大店子组的时代大致相同的结论。大北沟组含孢粉Poceites-Podocarpidites-Schizaeoisporites组合,介形类Luanpingella-Torinina-Eoparacypris组合以及叶肢介Nestoria-Keratestheria组合等,这些生物组合与国内、外同类生物组合的对比,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世晚期(Tithonian)。土城子组含有孢粉、介形类及叶肢介等6大门类化石,根据已有的研究成果,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世。因此,侏罗系\白垩系的界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间。生物地层的国际对比表明:此界线与国际侏罗系\白垩系界线,即Tithonian\Berriasian界线是一致的。根据冀北—辽西地区一系列同位素测年数据推断,侏罗系\白垩系界线年龄应接近130.7Ma。

西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠纪生物地层研究

本文对珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠系地层中的生物地层层序、古生物化石的产出状态、组合面貌和发育特征等进行了详细的研究,自下而上将区内三叠系划分出19个生物化石组合(带)。这些生物化石组合(带)分别是1Oceraslatilobatum—Anchignathodotusparvus组合;2Ophicerassakuntala—Isarcicellaisarcica组合;3Gyronitespsilo-gyrus—Claraiaaurita—Neospathoduscristagalli组合;4Owenites—Neospathoduswaageni组合;5Procarnitesxizan-gensis—Neogondolellamilleri组合;6Neospathodustimorensis带;7Japonitesmangus—Neogondolellaregale组合;8Anacrochordicerasnodosus—Tulongospiriferstracheyi组合;9Paracertitestrinodosus—Neogondolellaconstricata组合;01Protrachycerasladinum—Daonellaindica—Neogondolellaexcelsa组合;11Indonesitesdieneri—Lilanginanobilis组合;21Haplotropites—Epigondolelladiebeli组合;31Parahaueritesacutus—Halobia—Neogondolellapolygnathiformis组合;41Nodotibetitesnodosus—Epigondolellaabneptis组合;15Griesbachites—Guembilites组合;61Indojuwavitesangu-latus—Epigondolellamultidentata—Himalayasaurstibetensis组合71Cyrtopleuritesbicrenatus带;18Pinacocerasmetter-nichi—Himavatitescolumbianus组合;91Tulongocardiumpluriraditum—Palaeocarditamansuyi组合。据此厘定了该区三叠系下统、中统和上统的界线。珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠系生物化石组合带的重新建立,提高了该区三叠系生物地层的研究程度,为开展青藏高原地区及其与全球的三叠系地层划分对比研究提供了科学依据。

华南新元古代宏体化石特征及生物地层序列

华南的新元古代地层(780～542 Ma)保存有许多经典的地层剖面和丰富的宏体化石记录,一直是我国新元古代,特别是南华系和震旦(伊迪卡拉)系地层对比的标准区域。本项研究重新考察了部分重要的标准剖面和化石点,重点采集了近年来开始研究的云南"江川生物群",贵州江口"翁会生物群"的宏体化石,在总结了前人研究成果的基础上,集成了最新的研究进展,综合记录了华南晚新元古代地层中的宏体化石特征,组合面貌,据此提出了华南晚新元古代生物地层序列。宏体化石的记录表明在这一时期伴随着显著的气候和环境变化,发生了一系列重要的生物演化事件,多细胞的宏观后生动、植物普遍出现了组织分化,器官形成和发育创新,以及生物结构和功能的进一步复杂多样化。这种多样化的发展大体可以划分为三个阶段,分别以震旦(伊迪卡拉)纪的三个宏体化石组合为代表:(1)Anhuiphyton—Thallophyca—Paramecia宏体藻类化石组合,(2)Enteromorphites—Doushantuophyton—Eoandromeda—Sinospongia宏体化石组合,(3)Paracharnia—Gaojiashania—Cloudina—Longfengshania宏体化石组合。由于华南震旦纪宏体化石具有较为独特的组合面貌,与国外末次冰期后大量出现的伊迪卡拉型生物群(阿瓦隆生物群,庞德/白海生物群和纳马生物群)如何对比,还有待深入的研究。本文还重点讨论了华南地区新元古代宏体化石的南、北方对比问题。

泥河湾盆地上新世生物地层序列与环境

总结了泥河湾盆地晚上新世生物地层,讨论了12个剖面含哺乳动物化石层位的相互关系,以稻地老窝沟剖面的地层顺序为基础排列出约3.7～2.6Ma时段内的9个代表性的生物地层单位。哺乳动物以Paenelimnoecus chinensis、Lunanosorex cf.L.lii、Trischizolagus、Pliopentalagus nihewanicus、Ungaromys、Mimomys sp.、Chardina truncatus、Mesosiphneus praetingi、M, paratingi、Plio- siphneus lyratus、Pseudomeriones complicidens、Castor anderssoni、Huaxiamys downsi、Chardinomys yusheensis、C.nihowanicus、Hipparion houfenense和Gazella blacki组合为特征。动物群在时代上与榆社麻则沟动物组合、静乐红土动物群、灵台雷家河剖面V带及任家沟静乐红粘土动物组合、宁县水磨沟动物组合、游河动物群及沂南棋盘山洞穴动物组合相当。动物群所反映的是温带草原为主、间有树林和干草原的稀树草原环境。

华北克拉通东部新元古代宏体化石生物地层序列

华北克拉通东部是中国晚前寒武纪地层出露最为完整、连续的地区,特别是华北克拉通东缘连续出露了新元古代自老至新的全部地层,是对比和衔接中国南、北方晚前寒武纪地层的关键地区。在该地区所发现和建立的宏体化石群——"龙凤山生物群"、"辽南生物群"和"淮南生物群"可能是新元古代"南华大冰期"前后较为独特的生物群落,其中相当部分可能归属于多细胞后生动物和多细胞藻类,是地球早期生命景观的重要代表。因此,对这些新元古代早期生物群的研究将可能揭示比陡山沱期更早的多细胞后生动植物的演化面貌,在演化生物学上意义重大。近年来,在地调项目的资助下,开展了华北克拉通东部地区的新元古代年代地层及生物地层的研究。本文综合现有资料,详细记述了华北克拉通东部(燕山地区和辽南、徐淮地区)含宏体化石的新元古代地层及其宏体化石特征、组合面貌和生物地层序列。同时,依据宏体化石记录,探讨了中国新元古代地层的对比问题。

泥河湾盆地马圈沟遗址化石哺乳动物及年代讨论

本文简述了马圈沟旧石器遗址产出的哺乳动物化石:出自马圈沟遗址Ⅲ的20个种,马圈沟遗址Ⅰ的4个种,半山遗址的7个种;分析了以Allophaiomys deucalion,Cromeromys gansunicus,Borsodia chinensis等小哺乳动物组合为代表的马圈沟遗址Ⅲ的生物地层时代为早更新世早期,绝对年龄应大于1.80Ma;讨论了该遗址生物地层时代与磁性地层年代的关系。

中国陆相上中新统灞河阶底界层型的选择

2014年全国地层委员会最新出版的《中国地层表》中正式采用了将上中新统两分为灞河阶和保德阶的方案。"灞河"一名源自同名岩石地层单位灞河组,典型剖面位于陕西省蓝田县灞河左岸的水家嘴。灞河阶对应于国际地层表中海相的托尔托纳阶,其共同的底界定义为古地磁Chron C5r.2n的底部,年龄为11.6 Ma,这条界线在蓝田地区的灞河组并不存在。在中国晚中新世早期的哺乳动物群中,甘肃临夏盆地的郭泥沟动物群、大深沟动物群,青海柴达木盆地的托素动物群、深沟动物群,内蒙古苏尼特右旗的阿木乌苏动物群,西藏比如盆地的布隆动物群,陕西府谷的喇嘛沟动物群和云南元谋的小河动物群均属于灞河期。甘肃省东乡县的郭泥沟剖面是灞河阶底界层型最有利的候选剖面。

层序生物地层学在柴达木盆地中的应用及展望

在单井高分辨率层序地层分析基础上,应用层序生物地层学原理,以柴达木盆地西部咸东1井和咸8井为例,在新近系上油砂山组划分了一个层序生物地层单元,作为与下油砂山组分界的标志。以红柳泉-跃进地区为例,在古近系下干柴沟组下段划分了两个层序生物地层单元。连井等时对比发现,下干柴沟组下段标志性的"红层"顶界由西向东时代变新,反映了在基准面旋回的波动过程中湖泊范围随时间由西向东的扩大。在乌南地区,进一步将层序生物地层单元与地震地层相结合,在标准化石的约束下建立了该区层序生物地层格架,为柴西南地层划分对比建立了标准。研究认为,古生物、地震和高分辨率层序地层学的结合是层序生物地层学研究并建立区域等时地层格架的良好途径。

内蒙古中部中—晚志留世西别河组的划分和时代

华北板块北缘早古生代造山带的稳定盖层——西别河组是顶底清晰,下界不整合覆于早—中奥陶世岛弧建造之上,其上被下泥盆统查干哈布组、上石炭统阿木山组不整合覆盖的一套稳定的滨浅海相沉积建造。本次工作根据岩石地层特征划分了砂砾岩段、灰岩段、砂板岩段和巴特敖包礁4个填图单元;在生物地层工作的基础上分别划分了2个珊瑚、腕足化石组合带,确立了该组为中—晚志留世地层,即Wenlockian-Pridolian期的沉积。

塔里木盆地西部石炭、二叠系划分对比

将塔里木盆地西部石炭、二叠系划分为３个地层分区、６个地层小区。建立了蜓、牙形石、有孔虫、介形虫、孢粉５个门类的化石带或化石组合共３６个。用各门类化石，结合国内外的化石资料对各地层小区进行了对比，厘定了新的地层划分方案。为石油地质勘探和井下地层划分对比提供了依据。

The Tunggurian Stage of the Continental Miocene in China

The Tunggurian Age was nominated in 1984, and the Second National Commission on Stratigraphy of China formally suggested establishing the corresponding chronostratigraphic unit, the Tunggurian Stage, based on the Tunggurian Age in 1999. The name of this stage comes from a lithostratigraphic unit, the Tunggur Formation, and the stratotype section is located at the Tunggur tableland, 15 km southeast of Saihan Gobi Township, Sonid Left Banner, Inner Mongolia. The Tunggurian Age is correlated to the Astaracian of the European land mammal ages, and they share the same definition of the lower boundary at the base of the paleomagnetic Chron C5Bn.1r with an age of 15.0 Ma. In the Tairum Nor section on the southeastern edge of the Tunggur tableland, this boundary is situated within the successive deposits of reddish-brown massive mudstone of the lower part of the Tunggur Formation, with a distance of 7.6 m from the base of the grayish-white sandstones in the middle part of the section. The Tunggurian is approximately correlated to the upper part of the marine Langhian and the marine Serravallian in the International Stratigraphical Chart. The Tunggurian Stage includes two Neogene mammal faunal units, i.e. NMU 6 （MN 6） and NMU 7 （MN 7/8）. The Tairnm Nor fauna from the Talrnm Nor section corresponds to NMU 6, and the Tunggur fauna （senso stricto） from the localities on the northwestern edge of the Tunggur tableland, such as Platybelodon Quarry, Wolf Camp and Moergen, corresponds to NMU 7. Among the Middle Miocene mammalian faunas in China, the Laogou fauna from the Linxia Basin, Gansu, the Quantougou fauna from the Lanzhou Basin, Gansu, the Halamagai fauna from the northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, and the Dingjiaergou fauna from Tongxin, Ningxia correspond to NMU 6.

依─舒地堑下第三系地层格架与成因单元

依─舒地堑是大庆油田的主探区之一,下第三系是主要勘探目的层,准确地建立地层格架是油气勘探的基础。在占有大量资料的基础上,采用数理统计分析方法,建立了测井曲线、微量元素分层模式,有效地解决了测井曲线局部干扰和地层分析实验样品量少的问题。在综合考虑6种因素的基础上,以生物层序和构造层序单元为基础,建立了依─舒地堑的整体地层格架,提出了依─舒地堑统一地层格架对比方案,指出T5、T3、T1地震反射层具有构造旋回意义,代表盆地演化的不同阶段,T4、T2地震反射层具有沉积学以及气候层序的意义。

二叠-三叠系界线层的牙形刺与生物地层界线

在研究二叠－三叠系界线地层时，应严格地将事件地层界线与生物地层界线区分开来。而定义生物地层界线时，也不应与“过渡层”或“混生层”的概念相连。在浙江长兴煤山，“界线粘土”层的底界，应为事件地层界线，界线层２的中部应为生物地层界线，比事件地层界线高１５ｃｍ。二叠－三叠系生物地层界线应以ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｏｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅｌ的首次出现为准。在Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．１缺乏的地区可以Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｃ．ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ，Ｃ．ｄｉｃｅｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｔａ，Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｌａｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ，Ｈ．ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｉｓ．Ｈ．ｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ等种的绝灭和ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．２，Ｈ．ｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｓ，Ｏｐｈｉｃｅｒａｓ，Ｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ首次出现作为确定二叠－三叠系生物地层界线的辅助标准。这一生物地层界线恰在连续的单相地层中，完全符合全球界线层型剖面点的要求。因此长兴煤山忠心大队剖面是世界上最好的二叠－三叠系全球界线层型剖面点（ＧＳＳＰ）。

Possible markers of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Mediterranean Tethys:A review and state of art

During the last decades,several integrated studies of Tethyan Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary sections from different countries were published with the objective to indicate problems for the selection of biological,chemical or physical markers suitable for identification of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary-the only system boundary within the Phanerozoic still not fixed by GSSP.Drawing the boundary between the Jurassic and Cretaceous systems is a matter of global scale discussions.The problem of proposing possible J/K boundary stratotypes results from lack of a global index fossils, global sea level drop,paleogeographic changes causing development of isolated facies areas,as well as from the effect of Late Cimmerian Orogeny.This contribution summarizes and comments data on J/K boundary interval obtained from several important Tethyan sections and shows still existing problems and discrepancies in its determination.