Manipulation of Animal Production by Biotechnology

Basal level of Animal Production is maintained with regulation of endocrine to concert genetic potential and environmental conditions. This balance can be moved to dramatical imporvements in rate and efficiency of production as well as composition of the products by biotechnological methods. In this paper, several novel achievements in the last decade are briefly reviewed for refference to further research and application of biotedchnology in animal production.

Study on the Agricultural Biotechnology Innovation Based on the Product Differentiation

Based on product differentiation,this paper researches the innovation of agricultural biotechnology. In the duopoly structure,the company's investment in innovation is affected by the product differentiation,and the greater the difference,the greater the willingness to increase investment and improve quality; at the same time,low innovative cost companies will choose a higher level of investment in innovation and quality. If there is no difference between the products,the companies with high cost of innovation abandon quality competition,and the companies with low cost of innovation " monopolize" the market.

Cytotoxicity Tests for Evaluating Medical Devices: An Alert for the Development of Biotechnology Health Products

The risks and damages related to the use of products, technologies and services of sanitary interest can be due to defects or manufacturing failures. Certain products already contain a certain degree of risk, which requires strict quality control in their production, distribution and use, as well as in the disposal of their waste in the environment. With continuous development in science and technology, medical devices must undergo intradermal irritation and testing for sensitization, cytotoxicity, and acute systemic toxicity. In health care, biotechnology aims to provide technology-based products or processes related to energy, food, and health, which are capable of stimulating new businesses, expanding exports, integrating the value chain and stimulating new demands for innovative products and processes, taking into account health policies. The present article was prepared by a bibliographical survey of the electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, and Bireme. Cell culture testing can be successfully employed, as it is reproducible, rapid, sensitive, and financially accessible for performing in vitro toxicity testing. Thus, it has been possible to optimize the development phase of new products by decreasing animal use or even replacing them in certain tests. Some in vitro assays validated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the area of health products have already replaced animal testing.

Accounting Aspects on Biotechnology and Their Products： According to Theory and Practice in Bulgaria

Biotechnology and the rights on biotechnological products are present-day topics, but at the same time, topics with deep historical roots. Biotechnological achievements are not a novelty to Bulgaria. They have existed for thousands of years and are connected with the production of milk and milk products, rose oil, herbal raw materials, and etc.. Contemporary biotechnological achievements are marketed in the form of nutritional, medicinal, and chemical products or as environmental protection. Traditional knowledge and achievements of modern science put the legal protection of biotechnology and its products on the agenda. In the national context, such rights have been statutory regulated and studied by specialists in the field of intellectual property. The problematic issues have not been so adequately treated in the country in terms of accounting theory and practice. The rights on biotechnology and biotechnological products are not within the scope of accounting items and accounting assets respectively. This is the motivation for the author to study the rights on biotechnology products within the context of their recognition as intangible assets. The author tries to present the conceptual framework for their identification and recognition as accounting items, as well as to define some scientific application problems on the topic.

Translating laboratory anti-aging biotechnology into applied clinical practice:Problems and obstacles

Although the use of biomedical technologies against ageing(rejuvenation biotechnologies) is considered by many as an effective way of controlling all age-related degeneration,in reality this belief cannot be justified. The human body is notoriously resistant to external perturbations and can respond in unpredictable or undesirable ways. Basic concepts of science,evolution and disease must also be considered. In this paper,I discuss some relevant problems associated with the application of any putative rejuvenation biotechnologies such as stem cell therapies,genetic engineering,tissue manipulation,as well as pharmacological approaches. I conclude that these and other biotechnologies will not be applicable to humans in the community. This is due to a wide spectrum of problems and obstacles,such as unpredictable therapeutic results,unrealistic expectations,lack of infrastructure,cellular network disruption,and many more. Even if some such technologies are developed,the totality of the problems,issues and side effects will prove an insurmountable final hurdle,rendering the development of such therapies,essentially and practically useless.

Potential prospects of Chinese medicine application in diabetic retinopathy

Current treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy(DR),an eye condition that can lead to blindness,have mainly focused on proliferative DR,including vitreous injection,retinal photocoagulation,and vitrectomy.Vitreous injections mainly depend on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Sun et al.We focus specifically on the mechanisms of the protective effect of genipin on the retina.Genipin is a gardenia extract used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In their study,the authors suggest that controlling advanced glycosylation by the intraocular injection of genipin may be a strategy for preventing retinopathy.The innovative use of a Chinese medicine extract injected into the eye to achieve a curative effect has attracted our attention.Although TCM is effective in treating DR,the topical application of DR,especially intraocular injections,is not yet feasible.Herein,we present a brief analysis of effective Chinese medicines for the treatment of DR.The effectiveness of local injections of TCM applied directly into the eyes holds promise as an effective treatment approach for DR.

Effects of Chinese Medicine Additive on Promoting Production of Meat Hybrid Chicken and Its Action Mechanism

[ Objective] The aim was to study the effects of Chinese medicine additive HMS on promoting the production of meat hybrid chicken and its action mechanism, so as to provide a scientific basis for the promotion effects of Chinese medicine additive on production. [ Method] Meat hybrid chickens, 7 day-old with similar weight, were randomly divided into four groups. And Chinese medicine feed additive HMS was added to the diet of each group at different proportions. All the chickens were weighed before the test as well as at the end of the 2nd, 3rd, 4^th and 5^th week. The feed consumption was also recorded during the test. Before slaughter, serum samples were collected from the randomly selected chickens for the deter- mination of serum biochemical indexes. Their bursae of Fabdcius and spleens were collected and weighed in order to determine the indexes, of im- mune organs. [ Result] HMS significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio （ P 〈 0.05 ）, very significantly reduced the feed consumptioh （ P 〈 0.01 ）, very significantly improve the content of serum high-density lipoprotein （ P 〈 0.01 ）, significantly increased the activity of serum alkaline phos- phatase （ P 〈 0.05）, very significantly reduced the content of serum urea nitrogen and uric acid （ P 〈 0.01 ）, and significantly reduced the level of serum cholesterol （ P 〈0.05）. There were no significant difference between the test groups and the control group （ P 〉 0.05） in the increase of im- mune organ indexes, but the index of immune organs has increasing trend. [ Conclusion] HMS reduces feed consumption and feed conversion rati- o, improves the feed utilization, and has a role in promoting production. The possible mechanism may be HMS improving the activity of serum alka- line phosphatase and the level of serum high-density lipoprotein, as well as reducing the content of serum cholesterol, urea nitrogen and uric acid in meat hybrid chickens.

Effects of Fermented Nano Chinese Herbal Medicines Replacing Antibiotics on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[Objectives]To study the effects of fermented nano Chinese herbal medicines replacing antibiotics on the production performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.[Methods]200 healthy and disease-free Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire(DLY)growing-finishing pigs with similar birth time(45±2 d)and body weight of about 31.5 kg were randomly divided into group A(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet),group B(fed with antibiotic basal diet),group C(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.1%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation),group D(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.3%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation)and group E(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.5%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation).The experiment lasted for 90 d.At the end of the experiment,the production performance and carcass indicators were measured.[Results]Compared with group A,the final weight,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with group B,the ADG of group E was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the F/G was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the slaughter rate and carcass length of pigs in groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with group B,the slaughter rate of groups D and E was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation has better effects in promoting growth than that of antibiotic additives,and it can significantly improve the carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.

Discussions about Modern Standardized Production of Genuine Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines

In recent years,with the vigorous development of the Chinese herbal medicine market in China,the government and various circles of society pay close attention to the safety of Chinese herbal medicine production. The cultivation and production of traditional Chinese herbal medicine already could not satisfy the current market demands. This paper summarized the forming,changing and the influencing factors of Chinese herbal medicines,and organized the research for the formation of traditional Chinese herbal medicines by modern scholars in China. It reached the following conclusion: the production of modern Chinese herbal medicines should ensure its unique properties,and the more important is to guarantee the quality and safety. With the continuous improvement of science and technology innovation ability and the appraisal method of Chinese medicines,the better management system has been applied in the process of planting. This paper summarized the six attributes of modern production of Chinese herbal medicines,to ensure genuine,safe and standardized production of traditional Chinese medicines.

Routine Supportive Supervision and Management of Medicines and Other Health Products and Technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya

Health Products and Technologies (HPTs) are pivotal for an efficient health system. Availability and accessibility to affordable health products are critical indicators towards achieving universal health coverage. Routine supportive supervision, performance monitoring, recognition of efforts and client feedback are vital activities toward health supply chain system strengthening. This is a descriptive paper that describes a model of integrated commodity supportive supervision, and mentorship and its impact on various outcomes of health commodity management. Data were abstracted from the standardized scored checklists used during integrated commodity supportive supervision and supply chain audit in public health facilities in Vihiga County. Scores for the period 2020 to 2022 were analyzed on the eight key areas of interest. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). Results are interpreted at 95% Confidence interval. This paper also shares findings from both quantitative and qualitative data from client exit and facility managers’ interviews. Six complete rounds of supervisions, three clients and service providers’ interviews, and three annual award events have been conducted. We observed trends across six data collections points and compared the results at first point or baseline (January-June 2020) to the results at the last point or end line (April-June 2022). Findings show significant improvements on the eight parameters in terms of mean scores as follows: resolution of issues from previous visits by 35.06% (46.75% - 81.81%);storage of HPTs by 17.41% (68.72% - 86.13%);inventory management by 28.16% (42.67% - 70.83%);availability and use of commodity data management information systems (MIS) tools by 22.39% (74.40% - 96.79%);verification of commodity data by 25.61% (65.56% - 91.17%);availability of guidelines and job aids for commodity management by 46.28% (36.65% - 82.93%). There was an improvement on the mean score on accountability by 20.22% (58.58% - 83.51%). The composite (final) score improved by 28.33% (56.19% - 84.52%). There was progressive narrowing of the standard deviations on all the indicators across the study period. This demonstrates that there is standardization of practices and positive competition among all the public health facilities. There were significant improvements on all the eight indicators. Routine integrated commodity supportive supervision has proven to be an effective high impact intervention in improving management of health products and technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya.

A review on cocrystal of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

In the development of new drugs products,especially the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients,solubility and oral bioavailability are the main factors which are restricting the development of new drugs,whereas the physicochemical properties of active ingredients are the key element to affecting these factors.Pharmaceutical cocrystal provides an excellent opportunity to develop new drugs with excellent physical and chemical properties such as melting point,solubility,stability and bioavailability while retaining the pharmacological properties of individuals active pharmaceutical ingredients among pharmaceutical cocrystal compounds.Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,mainly because it contains many active ingredients,like cocrystals thereof with many components.The active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicine have a wide range of pharmacological activities,but most of the active ingredients affect the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients due to their physical and chemical properties such as solubility.Traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystals can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of drugs without changing the internal structure of drugs,so as to provide a new scheme for the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients.This paper reviews the research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystal.The preparation methods of cocrystals are summarized and the advantages of cocrystals are illustrated with examples.

药食同源中药铁皮石斛的研究进展

铁皮石斛Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis是具有益胃生津,滋阴清热之效的药食同源中药。有丰富的化学成分以及药理活性,具有抗炎、抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血压、调节血糖等作用。常作为药膳以及保健品使用,在药品上也应用广泛,如石斛夜光丸、复方鲜石斛颗粒等,具有很高的药用价值和经济价值。通过对铁皮石斛的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性、药食两用产品开发等多个方面进行概述,对其应用现状进行分析,为铁皮石斛的可持续发展、药食同源开发和综合利用奠定理论基础。

药食同源产品开发思路探讨

目的 为药食同源产品的开发提供思路。方法 采用计算机检索关于中药保健食品相关专利及药食同源相关文献,分析近年来中药保健食品和药食同源产品的相关政策、研发现状及市场前景。结果 药食同源产品可发挥中医药治未病的独特优势,药食同源产业是“健康中国”战略中不可或缺的一环。国家卫生部门发布了102种药食同源的中药材,提供了基于这102种药食同源目录中药材开发的药食同源产品具有保健功效的可能性依据。药食同源产品的开发,应基于性味归经及功效,遵循中医药调理配伍原则,现代生理功效相结合的组方原则,以及产品开发与市场需求紧密结合的开发原则,可从肿瘤类、不孕不育类、糖脂代谢类疾病及增强免疫力4个方面开发产品,还需注意产品体感与功效相结合。结论 基于102种药食同源目录中药材的药食同源产品是对中药保健食品的极大补充,也是中医药大健康产品的关键所在。

Inhalation therapy for pulmonary fibrosis:chemical medicines and herbal medicines

Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a chronic,progressive,and irreversible pulmonary interstitial disease with unclear pathogenesis.Currently,there are few treatment options for managing PF.Inhalation therapy,as a routine treatment for respiratory diseases,is being used to study the treatment of PF.Some herbal medicines and their active ingredients have been reported to have anti-PF effects.This review aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in inhalation therapy,focusing on the utilization of chemical medicines and herbal medicines for the treatment of PF in both clinical practice and basic research.The inhalation of chemical drugs such as pirfenidone,nintedanib,N-acetylcysteine,and interferon-γhas been shown to demonstrate anti-PF effects.Additionally,the inhalation of various natural products derived from herbal medicines,encompassing polyphenols,alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,terpenoids,and herbal extracts,contributes to the therapeutic management of PF through diverse mechanisms.The inhalation of both chemical and herbal medicines presents promising advantages in the treatment of PF.Further clinical trials are required to investigate the effectiveness,safety,and mechanism of action of inhalation therapy utilizing natural products derived from herbal medicines.

芳香中药在动物健康养殖中的研究与应用

多年来,动物生产中滥用抗生素等药物给人类健康带来了严重威胁,着眼于提高动物机体健康水平或将成为未来畜禽水产业可持续发展的方向。芳香中药通常指以挥发性物质为主要有效成分具有芳香气味的中药材及其提取物,具有抗菌、抗炎、增强免疫等作用。近年来,很多研究都在探讨芳香中药作为饲用替抗产品的潜力,文章综述了芳香中药的作用机制及其动物生产中的研究进展,并分析了芳香中药与动物健康养殖的关系及芳香中药当前存在的问题,对其发展前景进行了展望。文章旨在总结芳香中药目前的研究状况,为芳香中药在畜禽、水产健康养殖及饲料工业等方面的研究提供参考意见。

科幻电影在医学史教学中的应用探索

新兴生物技术将成为人类社会重要的革新力量,但其中的技术风险引发诸多争议。为此,在医学史课程中引导学生关注新兴生物技术的过去与未来,了解科技发展的复杂性与多重可能性,树立其正确的历史观与未来观十分必要。在此方面,作为“思想实验”的科幻电影有着良好的辅助作用。本文将以两项典型的新兴生物技术为例,探讨将科幻电影融入医学史教学的可行性与现实意义。

中药资源化学学科引领中药资源全产业链循环利用与绿色发展的创新与实践

中药资源化学学科的概念、内涵与外延、目标与任务等的提出及建设发展已20年。回顾20年的建设发展历程,围绕中药资源的科学生产与有效利用不断探索与创新实践,理论内涵进一步丰富,研究模式进一步完善,技术体系进一步拓展,形成了系列研究成果并得到推广应用,服务于中药资源产业的高质量发展,为中药资源全产业链提质增效与绿色发展做出了应有的贡献。然而,随着我国中医药产业的快速增长和产业链的不断拓展延伸,中药农业与中药工业生产过程产生的废弃物及副产物与日俱增,造成的资源浪费和环境污染已成为行业发展面临的新的重大问题。以中药资源全产业链循环利用与低碳绿色发展的模式建立与实例分析,以及中药资源循环利用生态产业示范园区创建为主线,展示近些年来取得的阶段性成效,以期为中药资源产业由线性经济模式向循环经济模式的低碳绿色转型提供示范和参考,为中药资源利用效率提升和新质生产力创造提供借鉴,为推动中药资源产业领域经济社会发展的低碳绿色提供助力。

病历档案的人文社会医学化构建探析

病历档案是医务人员诊治患者疾患的原始记录。现通行的病案只反映生物技术医学实践过程,缺少人文社会医学实践记录,客观上需要对现有病案进行重构。文章通过对我国传统医学病案和现代生物技术医学病案管理的溯源,证明构建人文社会医学病案的必要性,并指出人文社会医学病案应具有医乃仁术、以患者为先、为患者赋权、医患共济的特征,可通过补充人文病历、整合叙事病历、设计全新病案表单、采用智能病案等方式予以构建。

“双高”建设背景下畜牧兽医专业产教融合教育模式创新研究

探讨“双高”建设背景下,如何创新畜牧兽医专业的产教融合教育模式。从“双高”建设的概念入手,阐述了社会需求与“双高”建设的相互关系,重点关注“双高”建设中的畜牧兽医教育模式创新。通过介绍产教融合模式的概念与特点,探讨了“双高”建设对畜牧兽医教育的影响,剖析产业驱动下的产教融合模式创新实践案例,展示了产教融合模式在实践中的有效性。

VICH药物警戒指导原则简述与讨论

药物警戒对于确保兽药在临床应用中持久的安全性和有效性具有十分重要的意义。虽然我国有兽药不良反应监测法规层面的条款,但没有制定具体的实施细则和分析、评价、指南报告等具体操作层面的指导文件。本文通过解读VICH药物警戒指导原则:GL24不良反应报告的管理、GL29定期汇总更新报告的管理、GL42提交不良反应报告的数据元素(AERS),以期为我国兽药产品不良反应报告提供借鉴,并为加强我国兽药产品警戒法规和监测体系建设提供参考。