For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature ...For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature embryo development in vitro from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was studied under different conditions of embryo age, basic culture media and plant growth regulators. The results show that： 1） germination rate of grade 3 embryos in immature seeds with 0.6-0.8 cm diameter was 98.9%. The germination rate of grade 2 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4-0.6 cm diameter was 77,8% and the germination rate of grade 1 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4 cm diameter was 15.6%. 2） The amounts of macroelements in MS medium had no clear effect on the germination rate of immature grade 3 embryos and had a modest effect on plantlet growth, where the best medium was MS or 1/2 MS. The rates were all greater than 90%. 3） The germination rate of grade 3 embryos was greater than 87% when the medium contained a low concentration of NAA or no plant growth regulators at all and decreased markedly when BAP alone or BAP and NAA together were added to the media. We suggest that in vitro culture of immature embryos from K. bipinnata vat. integrifoliola can be enhanced when a small amount of plant growth regulators is added. The addition of BAP has an adverse reaction to the germination and development of immature embryos.展开更多
A new naturally occurring compound 1-polyacetylene glycoside has been isolated form the n- butanol soluble fraction of the leaves of Bidens bipinnata. The chemical structure of 1 was shown to be 3E, 11E—Diethenylene ...A new naturally occurring compound 1-polyacetylene glycoside has been isolated form the n- butanol soluble fraction of the leaves of Bidens bipinnata. The chemical structure of 1 was shown to be 3E, 11E—Diethenylene 5. 7. 9—triacetylene, 1, 13—tridecanglycol-2-O-β-D-glycoside named bipinnatpolyacetyloside according to spectral analyses of UV. IR. FDMS, ~1H-NMR, ~H-~H COSY, ^(13)C-NMR and DEPT.展开更多
Somatic embryogenesis ofKoelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola was observed, plantlet formation in different types of somatic embryos was studied and the effect of abnormal embryos on plantlet formation was identi...Somatic embryogenesis ofKoelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola was observed, plantlet formation in different types of somatic embryos was studied and the effect of abnormal embryos on plantlet formation was identified. Results show that somatic embryos of K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola include normal embryos, embryos with abnormal cotyledons, vitrified embryos, albino embryos, secondary embryos, linked embryos, embryos with abnormal growing points and embryos with expanding hypocotyl. After 40 d of callus culture, the response of normal somatic embryos from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was 26.7%, embryos with abnormal cotyledon 30.3% while other types of somatic embryos were below the 20% level. Most of normal embryos developed into plantlets and plantlet formation reached 94.9%. But the percentage of plantlet formation decreased apparently in abnormal embryos： the number of embryos with abnormal cotyledon declined to 76.1%, that of linked embryos to 47.4% and other types of abnormal embryos to below the 20% level. Albino embryos and embryos with abnormal growing point did not develop at all into plantlets. Embryos with abnormal cotyledons, linked embryos and embryos with abnormal growing points were observed during early stages of somatic embryogenesis, but vitrified, secondary and albino embryos and calli of embryos were observed at later stages. Increasing sucrose concentrations can decrease the occurrence of vitrified embryos, but the number of albino embryos decreased with an in- creasing in sucrose concentration.展开更多
The lignification process in Koelreuteria bipinnata was examined by fluorescence microscopy and histochemical staining.The earlywood vessels,which differentiated from the vascular cambium at an early stage,were the fi...The lignification process in Koelreuteria bipinnata was examined by fluorescence microscopy and histochemical staining.The earlywood vessels,which differentiated from the vascular cambium at an early stage,were the first to begin lignification.There were no fluorescence signals in the tissues surrounding the earlywood vessels.Lignification occurred more rapidly in earlywood vessels than in the surrounding tissues.The cambium became very active during the period from May to July,and the xylem tissue展开更多
为明确复羽叶栾树叶绿体基因组密码子的使用模式,以筛选到的52条CDS蛋白质编码序列为研究对象,利用Codon W 1.4.2和在线软件CUSP等获取复羽叶栾树密码子的GC、RSCU、ENC等参数,并进行中性绘图、PR2-plot和最优密码子分析。结果表明:复...为明确复羽叶栾树叶绿体基因组密码子的使用模式,以筛选到的52条CDS蛋白质编码序列为研究对象,利用Codon W 1.4.2和在线软件CUSP等获取复羽叶栾树密码子的GC、RSCU、ENC等参数,并进行中性绘图、PR2-plot和最优密码子分析。结果表明:复羽叶栾树密码子不同位置上的GC含量表现为GC_(1)(47.27%)>GC_(2)(39.49%)>GC_(3)(29.84%),且有29个密码子RSCU>1,其中有28个以A/U结尾,表明密码子偏好以A/U结尾。有效密码子数ENC值在36~61之间,密码子使用偏性较弱。ENC与GC_(3)间具有极显著的相关关系,表明密码子第3位上的碱基组成影响密码子使用偏好性。中性分析结果显示,GC_(3)与GC_(12)间无显著的相关关系(r=0.198,P>0.05),回归系数为0.265 2,说明选择对密码子使用偏好性有重要影响。ENC-plot分析和奇偶偏好性分析表明,密码子偏性也受到其他因素影响。综合分析发现复羽叶栾树叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性较弱,选择为主要影响因素,同时受到其他因素的影响。最终确定CUU、GUU、AGU、GCA、CAA、CAU、AAA、GAU、CGU、CGA、GGU、GGA共12个为最优密码子。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, China (05–04)
文摘For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature embryo development in vitro from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was studied under different conditions of embryo age, basic culture media and plant growth regulators. The results show that： 1） germination rate of grade 3 embryos in immature seeds with 0.6-0.8 cm diameter was 98.9%. The germination rate of grade 2 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4-0.6 cm diameter was 77,8% and the germination rate of grade 1 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4 cm diameter was 15.6%. 2） The amounts of macroelements in MS medium had no clear effect on the germination rate of immature grade 3 embryos and had a modest effect on plantlet growth, where the best medium was MS or 1/2 MS. The rates were all greater than 90%. 3） The germination rate of grade 3 embryos was greater than 87% when the medium contained a low concentration of NAA or no plant growth regulators at all and decreased markedly when BAP alone or BAP and NAA together were added to the media. We suggest that in vitro culture of immature embryos from K. bipinnata vat. integrifoliola can be enhanced when a small amount of plant growth regulators is added. The addition of BAP has an adverse reaction to the germination and development of immature embryos.
文摘A new naturally occurring compound 1-polyacetylene glycoside has been isolated form the n- butanol soluble fraction of the leaves of Bidens bipinnata. The chemical structure of 1 was shown to be 3E, 11E—Diethenylene 5. 7. 9—triacetylene, 1, 13—tridecanglycol-2-O-β-D-glycoside named bipinnatpolyacetyloside according to spectral analyses of UV. IR. FDMS, ~1H-NMR, ~H-~H COSY, ^(13)C-NMR and DEPT.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (09225511)the Project of the Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, China (05– 04)
文摘Somatic embryogenesis ofKoelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola was observed, plantlet formation in different types of somatic embryos was studied and the effect of abnormal embryos on plantlet formation was identified. Results show that somatic embryos of K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola include normal embryos, embryos with abnormal cotyledons, vitrified embryos, albino embryos, secondary embryos, linked embryos, embryos with abnormal growing points and embryos with expanding hypocotyl. After 40 d of callus culture, the response of normal somatic embryos from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was 26.7%, embryos with abnormal cotyledon 30.3% while other types of somatic embryos were below the 20% level. Most of normal embryos developed into plantlets and plantlet formation reached 94.9%. But the percentage of plantlet formation decreased apparently in abnormal embryos： the number of embryos with abnormal cotyledon declined to 76.1%, that of linked embryos to 47.4% and other types of abnormal embryos to below the 20% level. Albino embryos and embryos with abnormal growing point did not develop at all into plantlets. Embryos with abnormal cotyledons, linked embryos and embryos with abnormal growing points were observed during early stages of somatic embryogenesis, but vitrified, secondary and albino embryos and calli of embryos were observed at later stages. Increasing sucrose concentrations can decrease the occurrence of vitrified embryos, but the number of albino embryos decreased with an in- creasing in sucrose concentration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170526)Science Foundation of Huazhong Agricultural University(2011SC24)
文摘The lignification process in Koelreuteria bipinnata was examined by fluorescence microscopy and histochemical staining.The earlywood vessels,which differentiated from the vascular cambium at an early stage,were the first to begin lignification.There were no fluorescence signals in the tissues surrounding the earlywood vessels.Lignification occurred more rapidly in earlywood vessels than in the surrounding tissues.The cambium became very active during the period from May to July,and the xylem tissue
文摘为明确复羽叶栾树叶绿体基因组密码子的使用模式,以筛选到的52条CDS蛋白质编码序列为研究对象,利用Codon W 1.4.2和在线软件CUSP等获取复羽叶栾树密码子的GC、RSCU、ENC等参数,并进行中性绘图、PR2-plot和最优密码子分析。结果表明:复羽叶栾树密码子不同位置上的GC含量表现为GC_(1)(47.27%)>GC_(2)(39.49%)>GC_(3)(29.84%),且有29个密码子RSCU>1,其中有28个以A/U结尾,表明密码子偏好以A/U结尾。有效密码子数ENC值在36~61之间,密码子使用偏性较弱。ENC与GC_(3)间具有极显著的相关关系,表明密码子第3位上的碱基组成影响密码子使用偏好性。中性分析结果显示,GC_(3)与GC_(12)间无显著的相关关系(r=0.198,P>0.05),回归系数为0.265 2,说明选择对密码子使用偏好性有重要影响。ENC-plot分析和奇偶偏好性分析表明,密码子偏性也受到其他因素影响。综合分析发现复羽叶栾树叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性较弱,选择为主要影响因素,同时受到其他因素的影响。最终确定CUU、GUU、AGU、GCA、CAA、CAU、AAA、GAU、CGU、CGA、GGU、GGA共12个为最优密码子。
