Structural Design and Analysis of Small Flapping Wing Aircraft Based on the Crank Slider Mechanism

In this project,the miniaturization of the aircraft was realized under the premise of strong maneuverability,high concealability,and driving a certain load,and the flight mode and structural characteristics of birds were imitated.A small bionic flapping wing aircraft was built.The flapping of the wing was realized by the crank slider mechanism,and the sizes of each part were calculated according to the bionics formula.The wingspan was 360.37 mm,the body width was 22 mm,the body length was 300 mm,the wing area was 0.05 m^(2),the flapping amplitude was 71°.ADAMS software was used to simulate the dynamics of the designed aircraft,and the variation of flapping amplitude and angular velocity during the movement of the aircraft was obtained,which verified the feasibility of the mechanism.The prototype aircraft was made for flight test,and the designed bionic flapping wing aircraft achieved the expected effect.It provides a theoretical basis and data support for the design and manufacture of small flapping wing aircraft.

Numerical investigation on aerodynamic performance of a bionic flapping wing

This paper numerically studies the aerodynamic performance of a bird-like bionic flapping wing.The geometry and kinematics are designed based on a seagull wing,in which flapping,folding,swaying,and twisting are considered.An in-house unsteady flow solver based on hybrid moving grids.is adopted for unsteady flow simulations.We focus on two main issues in this study,i.e.,the influence of the proportion of down-stroke and the effect of span-wise twisting.Numerical results show that the proportion of downstroke is closely related to the efficiency of the flapping process.The preferable proportion is about 0.7 by using the present geometry and kinematic model,which is very close to the observed data.Another finding is that the drag and the power consumption can be greatly reduced by the proper span-wise twisting.Two cases with different reduced frequencies are simulated and compared with each other.The numerical results show that the power consumption reduces by more than 20%,and the drag coefficient reduces by more than 60% through a proper twisting motion for both cases.The flow mechanism is mainly due to controlling of unsteady flow separation by adjusting the local effective angle of attack.These conclusions will be helpful for the high-performance micro air vehicle (MAV) design.

A review of bird-like flapping wing with high aspect ratio

Bird-like flapping-wing vehicles with a high aspect ratio have the potential to fulfill missions given to micro air vehicles,such as high-altitude reconnaissance,surveillance,rescue,and bird group guidance,due to their good loading and long endurance capacities.Biologists and aeronautical researchers have explored the mystery of avian flight and made efforts to reproduce flapping flight in bioinspired aircraft for decades.However,the cognitive depth from theory to practice is still very limited.The mechanism of generating sufficient lift and thrust during avian flight is still not fully understood.Moving wings with unique biological structures such as feathers make modeling,simulation,experimentation,and analysis much more difficult.This paper reviews the research progress on bird-like flapping wings from flight mechanisms to modeling.Commonly used numerical computing methods are briefly compared.The aeroelastic problems are also highlighted.The results of the investigation show that a leading-edge vortex can be found during avian flight.Its induction and maintenance may have a close relationship with wing configuration,kinematics and deformation.The present models of flapping wings are mainly two-dimensional airfoils or three-dimensional single root-jointed geometric plates,which still exhibit large differences from real bird wings.Aeroelasticity is encouraged to consider the nonignorable effect on aerodynamic performance due to large-scale nonlinear deformation.Introducing appropriate flexibility can improve the peak values and efficiencies of lift and thrust,but the detailed conclusions always have strong background dependence.

仿生扑翼飞行器姿态稳定控制设计与实验

针对扑翼飞行器在飞行过程中姿态调整控制问题,提出了一种快速响应的自动姿态稳定控制方法。利用牛顿定律和动量矩定理建立扑翼飞行器数学模型,结合扑翼飞行器姿态变化工作原理,研究飞行过程中姿态调整控制方案策略。采用串级PID控制算法设计姿态调整内环和外环控制器,以扑翼飞行器欧拉角为输出,对扑翼飞行器姿态调整过程进行了仿真计算以及外场飞行实验。通过对扑翼飞行器姿态角的响应仿真分析及外场飞行实验数据分析,验证了扑翼飞行器数学模型的准确性及姿态控制器的有效性。结果表明:在阶跃信号输入下,姿态角能快速响应并快速趋于稳态,外场飞行中扑翼飞行器俯仰角保持15°,飞行加速度保持1 m/s^(2),可以较好地自动保持姿态稳定。

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft:Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Abstract Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft.The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency,with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions.The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies,mainly involving weight penalties,overconsumption of electrical power,and safety issues.The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches,ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations.In this work,the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap,tailored for large civil aircraft applications,are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing,as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise.An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology;the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests.A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements.The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed,and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions.Finally,the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented,with emphasis on the architectural strengths,enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.

仿鸟类扑翼飞行器研究进展

仿生扑翼飞行器有着优异的气动性能和灵活的飞行能力,在军民领域均有广泛的应用前景,学者们在原理样机研制、扑翼气动机理、驱动机构、飞行控制等多领域取得了一系列重要进展.本文从总体设计方法、驱动机构设计与优化、气动机理等方面综述了仿鸟类扑翼飞行器技术的发展历程与研究进展.首先,从扑翼总体设计方法入手,总结了仿鸟类扑翼飞行器仿生构型,归纳了总体设计参数估算方法;其次,综述了多种构型曲柄连杆机构在扑翼驱动中的应用与优缺点;接着总结了扑翼气动机理研究的实验方法与数值计算方法,分析了不同扑翼气动算法针对不同应用场景在计算成本和准确度方面的优劣情况;最后,对仿鸟类扑翼飞行器系统设计研究现状进行总结,针对原理样机研制过程提出展望.

仿生扑翼结构优化设计及动力学仿真分析

针对目前飞行器结构复杂、效率低下及动作单一等问题,设计一种新型仿生扑翼飞行机构,仅通过单驱动装置即可实现机构扑翼的扑动、折叠、扭转等运动。依据生物尺度率设计扑翼机构的结构尺寸并对机构参数进行优化;通过SolidWorks构建仿生三维模型并基于ANSYS Workbench对扑翼机构进行有限元分析,得到扑翼齿轮组、曲柄、主翼杆等主要部件的总形变、应力、等效应变及主、副翼动力学运动参数,为仿生样机研制提供理论支持。

仿蝙蝠飞行器扑翼结构设计与运动仿真

基于大耳蝙蝠飞行时翅膀的飞行姿态和运动轨迹,对翅膀结构进行简化处理,模仿设计了一种二自由度的仿蝙蝠飞行器扑翼,能够实现上下扑动和收放动作。借助MATLAB/UG软件完成扑翼尺寸参数求解、结构三维建模、关键节点运动轨迹生成及上下扑动机构和收放机构的运动仿真分析。结果表明:节点角位移变化曲线连续不间断,未出现角度突变,不会造成瞬时冲击,翼尖关节之间运动不产生干涉,验证了扑翼运动的可行性,同时为后续优化设计提供理论依据。

一种柔性微型扑翼设计及其气动力特性的试验研究

微型扑翼机以其优良的机动性、低噪音、低成本、执行任务的多功能性以及在现代高科技局部战争中的潜在应用价值而得到各科技先进国家的重视,投入了大量精力开展研究工作。在我国也已经初步开展对微型扑翼机研究。但由于与微型扑翼飞行相关的低雷诺数空气动力学研究还处于萌芽阶段,对微型扑翼的设计研究工作尚无可供指导的成熟理论和借鉴的经验,目前微型扑翼的设计研究基本上是以试验为主。本文参照动物的扑翼飞行实例和固定翼飞行器机翼设计的经验,在对扑翼飞行基本原理分析研究的基础上,设计制作了一种微型扑翼及扑翼的驱动机构,采用直流电动机作为动力,通过调节驱动电压来控制扑动的频率。并对该微型扑翼进行了空气动力特性试验,得到了微型扑翼的空气动力特性,并从中得出了影响扑动升力的一些因素。实验结果表明,具有柔性翼面的扑翼,其产生的升力和推力较高而且比较稳定。

仿生扑翼飞行微机器人研究现状与关键技术

扑翼飞行微机器人(Flapping-wing Flying Microrobot)是一种模仿鸟类或昆虫飞行的新概念飞行器。文中简要介绍了扑翼飞行微机器人的概念、特点与用途,从测试与试验、建模与分析、设计与制作、控制与传感四个方面概括了扑翼飞行微机器人的国内外研究现状,最后讨论了后续研究中需要突破的关键技术。

一种仿蜻蜓扑翼飞行器的设计与研究

在考虑扑翼飞行器飞行性能与动力学特性的基础上,提出了一种仿蜻蜓微型扑翼飞行器,对扑翼飞行器的机械结构进行了理论分析与设计,确定了相关机构参数与运动数值。利用SolidWorks对设计的仿蜻蜓扑翼飞行器机械结构进行三维建模和运动仿真分析,并采用ANSYS与ADAMS对所提出的扑翼飞行器开展动力学性能分析。在相关研究基础上进行仿真实验分析,结果表明,所设计的机械结构满足仿蜻蜓微型扑翼飞行器基本功能的要求,具有可行性,可为仿蜻蜓扑翼飞行器的研究提供理论参考。

微型扑翼飞行器仿生悬停原理研究

根据现有微型扑翼飞行器悬停技术的不足,研究了基于蜂鸟扑翼运动的仿生翻转翼悬停方式,提出了实现该种悬停方式的运动机构和控制方式,为实现微型扑翼飞行器高效悬停飞行及有效控制提供了依据。

多自由度扑翼飞行器驱动机构的设计与分析

为了提高扑翼飞行器的飞行性能,借鉴中小型鸟类的飞行运动特征,设计了一种基于空间连杆机构的新型多自由度扑翼机构。首先,通过运动学分析建立了扑翼飞行器驱动机构的运动学模型;然后,在Adams仿真软件中建立了扑翼机构仿真分析模型,对理论分析进行了验证。结果表明,所设计的驱动机构通过单自由度驱动就能够实现扑动、扭转、偏转多个自由度耦合运动。其中,上扑动极限为34.65°、下扑动极限为-29.66°,最大扭转角为15.05°,最小扭转角为-14.9°,偏转角范围为-5.01°~5.21°;输出的“8”字形轨迹与中小型鸟类飞行时的翼尖轨迹相同,具有良好的气动性能。仿真得到的运动学参数与理论计算一致,验证了理论计算的正确性。

多段翼多自由度扑翼飞行器气动特性仿真研究

传统扑翼飞行器模型中机翼多数是二维刚性翼,且上扑、下扑过程完全对称。为进一步改良扑翼机气动特性,利用近似柔性思想,建立多段式机翼,达到近似柔性效果,加入急回特性,延长了下扑时间;并在原有扑动、扭转两个运动的基础上加入弯曲折叠运动,提出了一种“扑动-扭转-弯曲折叠”三维模型;将建立的模型导入Xflow,改变扑翼机模型的运动参数,对扑翼飞行器模型进行气动仿真,得出了多段翼多自由度扑翼飞行器升力系数、推力系数与来流速度、扑动频率、机翼初始迎角、内翼扑动幅值之间的非线性关系。

导电聚吡咯在微型扑翼飞行器中的应用

导电聚吡咯是一种新型智能材料,能够在低电压驱动下产生较大的弯曲变形,也能够在受到力和位移输入的情况下产生电流电压,这一特点使其既可应用于执行器中又可应用于传感器中.导电聚吡咯具有尺寸小、柔性高、灵敏度强等特点,尤其适合应用于微小型仿生机械结构中.介绍了导电聚吡咯的工作机理,归纳了导电聚吡咯执行与传感功能的研究现状.同时,以微型扑翼飞行器为应用背景,对导电聚吡咯的执行与传感应用开展了分析,并对导电聚吡咯的相关技术难点进行了总结.

扑翼飞行器测力平台设计与振动特性仿真分析

扑翼飞行器是基于鸟类仿生学理论衍生出的新型无人飞行器,主要通过机翼周期性上下扑动来提供飞行器所需的升力和推力,在军用和民用飞行器领域均有广阔的应用前景。扑翼飞行器气动力测量作为样机气动性测试的重要手段,多维气动力的准确测量可为新型扑翼飞行器设计优化和飞控品质的提高提供试验数据支持。本文介绍了一种新型组合式多维小量程测力平台,可实现扑翼飞行器六维气动力和气动力矩的测量。考虑到扑翼飞行器机翼上下扑动过程动态测力需求,应用Ansys Workbench有限元分析软件对测力平台进行了模态分析和频响分析,获得在工作频率下的频率响应,仿真结果表明测力平台的振动特性满足设计要求。

发动机位置对大型运输机动力增升效能的影响研究

参照C-17运输机,建立了外吹式襟翼动力增升全机几何分析模型。采用多块结构化网格技术,基于RANS方法,分别对高升力构型和轴对称发动机动力喷流进行了数值模拟验证,在此基础上开展了发动机短舱位置和喷流方位对动力增升效能的影响研究并总结其设计原则。计算结果表明,短舱垂直位置对动力增升效能影响最为显著,发动机每下沉100 mm升力至少损失0.1。为获得理想的动力增升效果,发动机短舱应在避免巡航状态喷流直接冲刷机翼下表面的前提下尽可能地靠近机翼。发动机水平位置主要影响中等以上迎角的气动力特性,短舱前伸有利于喷流进入缝道并且存在兼顾最大升力系数和失速和缓特性的最佳前伸量。发动机负的安装角每增加1°,升力可增加0.1以上,适当给定负的发动机安装角可使得尾喷流向上倾斜从而被襟翼完全阻挡。通过改变发动机位置,在起到更好的动力增升效果的同时,通常都伴有低头力矩增大,压力中心后移,以至于全机安定性增加的同时平尾配平的负担也相应增加。

适用于扑翼飞行器的双滤波电子稳像方法

针对扑翼飞行器航拍视频抖动问题,提出一种基于角点检测的双滤波电子稳像算法。首先使用FAST角点检测算法和KLT算法,求解图像内特征点的局部运动矢量,并通过最小二乘法拟合得到帧间的全局运动矢量,然后采用Kalman滤波和Savitzky-Golay滤波相结合的双滤波算法,从全局运动参数中提取出需要保留的主动运动参数,之后利用相邻帧补偿方法对图像进行运动补偿,接着通过裁剪法修复未定义区,最终得到相对稳定的视频。实验结果表明,上述方法能够有效减小扑翼飞行器航拍视频的抖动现象。

扑翼飞行器的研究现状与发展

针对不同类型的仿生扑翼飞行器的研究现状,指出扑翼飞行器现有发展水平的优势与不足。根据仿生对象的不同,对扑翼飞行器的关键技术进行介绍与分析,包括动力学、结构、材料、建模与控制。在综合分析研究现状的基础上,对未来扑翼飞行器的发展方向进行展望,对可能面临的技术难题进行了预测,为扑翼飞行器技术研究提供参考。

扑翼飞行器气动力测量技术研究进展与展望

扑翼飞行器是一种仿照鸟类飞行的新概念小型无人飞行器,区别于传统固定翼和旋翼飞行器,它主要通过机翼扑动与空气相互作用来提供飞行动力,从而实现飞行器的姿态变动。扑翼飞行器气动特性测试的实质是揭示在非定常流场环境下,扑翼飞行器气动力的产生机制,以及相关扑翼飞行器设计参数对气动特性的影响。通过气动试验方法为扑翼飞行器飞行控制和结构优化等研制工作提供数据支持,将对新型扑翼飞行器理论研究以及飞控品质的提升起到巨大的推动作用。